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respectivamente&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram iniciadas ciclosporina A &#40;3&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;dia&#41; e prednisolona &#40;1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;dia&#41;&#44; evolui com cicatriza&#231;&#227;o das les&#245;es&#44; ganho de peso e melhoria parcial da anemia&#44; por&#233;m a resposta terap&#234;utica piorou ap&#243;s regress&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de imunossupress&#227;o&#44; evoluiu com o agravamento de les&#245;es preexistentes e a forma&#231;&#227;o de les&#227;o ulcerada no ponto de feitura da bi&#243;psia hep&#225;tica transcut&#226;nea&#44; compat&#237;vel com patergia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>D&#44;&#160;1E&#160;e&#160;1F&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de imunossupress&#227;o foram restaurados e foi associado adalimumabe 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg quinzenalmente&#44; com melhoria significativa&#44; por&#233;m parcial&#44; das les&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em estudo gen&#233;tico da paciente encontrou&#8208;se a variante c&#46;748G<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;A&#160;p&#46; &#40;Glu250Lys&#41; no &#233;xon 1 do gene PSTPIP1&#44; em heterozigose&#46; Essa variante substitui um &#225;cido glut&#226;mico por uma lisina no c&#243;don 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da prote&#237;na traduzida&#44; que foi descrita como patog&#234;nica no banco de dados Infervers e Clinvar &#40;rs28939089&#41; quando associada &#224; s&#237;ndrome de PAPA &#40;MIM 604416&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Hz&#47;Hc &#233; uma rara condi&#231;&#227;o autoinflamat&#243;ria caracterizada clinicamente por les&#245;es cut&#226;neas inflamat&#243;rias pustulosas e ulcerativas&#44; artrite recorrente&#44; hepatoesplenomegalia&#44; pancitopenia e d&#233;ficit de crescimento&#44; sem predile&#231;&#227;o por sexo&#44; geralmente diagnosticada na juventude&#46; A doen&#231;a apresenta achados laboratoriais caracter&#237;sticos&#44; como n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos extremamente altos do zinco e principalmente da calprotectina &#40;500&#8211;12&#46;000 vezes os n&#237;veis normais&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A calprotectina &#233; formada por um complexo de duas prote&#237;nas MRP8&#47;14&#44; ativadores end&#243;genos do receptor Toll&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">like</span> 4 &#40;TLR&#8208;4&#41; e pertencentes &#224; fam&#237;lia das alarminas&#46; &#201; encontrada no citoplasma de neutr&#243;filos e apresenta intensa atividade pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Recentemente&#44; identificaram&#8208;se nesses pacientes muta&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas com altera&#231;&#227;o de um &#250;nico amino&#225;cido na PSTPIP1&#44; prote&#237;na associada ao citoesqueleto respons&#225;vel pela ativa&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas&#160;T e libera&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;1b&#46; Outras muta&#231;&#245;es nesse mesmo gene j&#225; foram associadas a outras doen&#231;as autoinflamat&#243;rias&#44; como a s&#237;ndrome PAPA &#40;artrite piog&#234;nica&#44; PG e acne&#41;&#44; com algumas semelhan&#231;as cl&#237;nicas com a Hz&#47;Hc&#44; por&#233;m nenhuma apresentava n&#237;veis t&#227;o elevados de calprotectina e zinco&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At&#233; o momento&#44; nenhum tratamento mostrou&#8208;se totalmente eficaz&#44; com relatos de uso de corticosteroides&#44; ciclosporina&#44; tacrolimus&#44; inibidores de TNF e IL&#8208;1&#46; A Hz&#47;Hc &#233; uma doen&#231;a multissist&#234;mica com sintomatologia inespec&#237;fica&#44; por&#233;m cr&#244;nica&#44; e j&#225; se apresenta desde a inf&#226;ncia na maioria dos casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4&#8211;7</span></a> Os n&#237;veis extremamente elevados de zinco e calprotectina s&#233;ricos favorecem fortemente o diagn&#243;stico&#44; portanto devem ser considerados em casos suspeitos&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As altera&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas na Hz&#47;Hc foram relatadas como vasculite&#44; eczemas&#44; &#250;lceras furunculoides e les&#245;es necr&#243;ticas&#44; por&#233;m ressalta&#8208;se que tendem a ser inflamat&#243;rias&#44; ulceradas&#44; por vezes pruriginosas&#44; com cl&#237;nica e histopatologia semelhantes ao PG&#44; tendem a acometer extremidades inferiores simetricamente&#44; com relatos de les&#245;es faciais&#44; particularmente nas p&#225;lpebras&#46; A observa&#231;&#227;o de tais les&#245;es cr&#244;nicas em crian&#231;as e adultos jovens com hepatoesplenomegalia&#44; artralgia&#47;artrite&#44; PCR elevado e anemia microc&#237;tica devem levar &#224; suspeita diagn&#243;stica de Hz&#47;Hc&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ludimila Oliveira Resende&#58; Elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marilia Formentini Scotton Jorge&#58; Elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt&#58; Participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hiperzinquemia e hipercalprotectinemia s&#227;o doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias raras causadas por muta&#231;&#227;o no gene PSTPIP1&#44; com desregula&#231;&#227;o no metabolismo da calprotectina&#44; que &#233; uma prote&#237;na quelante de zinco com propriedades antimicrobianas e pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias&#46; Reportamos o caso de uma mulher de 20 anos com &#250;lceras cut&#226;neas persistentes&#44; compat&#237;veis com pioderma gangrenoso&#44; d&#233;ficit de crescimento e anemia cr&#244;nica&#44; que levaram ao diagn&#243;stico de hiperzinquemia e hipercalprotectinemia&#46; Sugere&#8208;se a dosagem de zinco e calprotectina em casos compat&#237;veis&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Como citar este artigo&#58; Resende LO&#44; Jorge MFS&#44; Schmitt JV&#46; Extensive pyoderma gangrenosum&#8208;like lesions revealing a case of hyperzinquemia and hypercalprotectinemia&#58; when to suspect it&#63; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2019&#59;94&#58;713&#8211;6&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Trabalho realizado no Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas&#44; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu&#44; Universidade Estadual Paulista&#44; Botucatu&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">M&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Reduzido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Reduzido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Altera&#231;&#245;es dermatol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Altera&#231;&#245;es reumatol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Artrite&#44; uve&#237;te&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hemoglobina &#40;g&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Zinco &#40;10&#8211;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">180&#8211;200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">175&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Calprotectina &#40;&#60; 0&#44;001 g&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;4&#8211;2&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2218755.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relatos de casos de Hz&#47;Hc descritos na literatura com avalia&#231;&#227;o dermatol&#243;gica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;4</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;stica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Idade ao diagn&#243;stico &#40;anos&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">18&#44;1 &#40;8&#44;7&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#47;7 &#40;43&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#47;7 &#40;57&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hepatoesplenomegalia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#47;6 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#233;ficit de crescimento</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#47;7 &#40;71&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#47;6 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;2 &#40;2&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">153&#44;4 &#40;35&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Journal Information
Vol. 94. Issue 6.
Pages 713-716 (1 November 2019)
Visits
7129
Vol. 94. Issue 6.
Pages 713-716 (1 November 2019)
Caso Clínico
Open Access
Lesões extensas tipo pioderma gangrenoso revelando um caso de hiperzinquemia e hipercalprotectinemia: quando suspeitar?
Visits
7129
Ludimila Oliveira Resendea,
Corresponding author
ludi.lor07@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Marilia Formentini Scotton Jorgeb, Juliano Vilaverde Schmittb
a Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
b Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Figures (1)
Tables (2)
Tabela 1. Relatos de casos de Hz/Hc descritos na literatura com avaliação dermatológica1,3,4
Tabela 2. Resumo das características clínicas dos casos de Hz/Hc com alterações cutâneas relatadas
Show moreShow less
Resumo

Hiperzinquemia e hipercalprotectinemia são doenças inflamatórias raras causadas por mutação no gene PSTPIP1, com desregulação no metabolismo da calprotectina, que é uma proteína quelante de zinco com propriedades antimicrobianas e pró‐inflamatórias. Reportamos o caso de uma mulher de 20 anos com úlceras cutâneas persistentes, compatíveis com pioderma gangrenoso, déficit de crescimento e anemia crônica, que levaram ao diagnóstico de hiperzinquemia e hipercalprotectinemia. Sugere‐se a dosagem de zinco e calprotectina em casos compatíveis.

Palavras‐chave:
Artrite
Inflamação
Manifestações cutâneas
Zinco
Full Text
Introdução

Hiperzinquemia e hipercalprotectinemia (Hz/Hc) é uma desordem autoinflamatória caracterizada por inflamação sistêmica crônica, lesões cutâneas, artralgia/artrite, hepatoesplenomegalia, pancitopenia e déficit de crescimento, descrita em 1985.1 Sua causa está relacionada com uma mutação no gene “proline‐serine‐threonine phosphatase‐interacting protein 1” (PSTPIP1), a qual acarreta uma desregulação no metabolismo da calprotectina. Essa proteína tem capacidade quelante de zinco e apresenta atividade antimicrobiana e pró‐inflamatória. Raros casos, sobretudo com detalhamento dos aspectos dermatológicos, foram descritos na literatura e nenhum é proveniente da América Latina (tabelas 1 e 2).2–4

Tabela 1.

Relatos de casos de Hz/Hc descritos na literatura com avaliação dermatológica1,3,4

  Relatos préviosRelato Atual 
Idade ao diagnóstico  18  18  14  35  21  10  20 
Sexo 
Crescimento  Reduzido  Reduzido  Reduzido  Reduzido  Normal  Normal  Reduzido  Reduzido  Reduzido 
Hepatoesplenomegalia  –  Sim  Sim  Sim  Sim  Sim  Sim  Sim  Sim 
Alterações dermatológicas  PG  Vasc  Não  Não  Vasc, eczema  Vasc, úlceras  PG  Lesões pálpebras  PG 
Alterações reumatológicas  –  Artrite  Artrite  Artrite  Artrite, uveíte  Artrite  Artrite  Artrite  Artrite 
PCR (< 10 mg/L)  –  41–143  100–200  22  17  45–146  60  108  35 
Hemoglobina (g/L)  –  10,9  12,5  5,5  7,6  7,3 
Zinco (10–18μm/L)  120–197  180–200  82–96  160–200  175  77  183  152  138 
Calprotectina (< 0,001 g/L)  –  6,5  1,4–2,55  6,1  1,5  12,5  2,3  0,6 

PCR, proteína C‐reativa; PG, pioderma gangrenoso; Vasc, vasculite.

Tabela 2.

Resumo das características clínicas dos casos de Hz/Hc com alterações cutâneas relatadas

Característica  Valor 
Idade ao diagnóstico (anos)a  18,1 (8,7) 
Sexo
Feminino  3/7 (43%) 
Masculino  4/7 (57%) 
Hepatoesplenomegalia  6/6 (100%) 
Déficit de crescimento  5/7 (71%) 
Artrite  6/6 (100%) 
Anemia  5/6 (83%) 
Hemoglobina (g/L)a  8,2 (2,1) 
Zinco sérico (μm/L)a  153,4 (35,4) 
Calprotectina (g/L)b  4,9 (1,5–6,1) 
a

Média (desvio‐padrão).

b

Mediana (1° quartil – 3° quartil).

Relato de caso

Mulher de 20 anos relatava lesões cutâneas ulceradas persistentes com gravidade oscilante havia 5 anos, dor abdominal recorrente com episódios de diarreia e dores articulares em joelhos acompanhadas de edema e eritema local desde a infância. Relatava anemia crônica não responsiva a diversos tratamentos. No exame físico, apresentava baixa estatura (percentil <3%), úlceras de bordas violáceas, entremeadas por tecido cicatricial e pústulas, com centro granuloso friável, sangrante, presença de exsudato purulento e crostas hemáticas que acometia, pálpebras inferiores, mamas e pernas, além de hepatoesplenomegalia pronunciada (fig. 1A, 1B e 1C). O exame histopatológico das lesões cutâneas mostrou‐se inespecífico, porém compatível com pioderma gangrenoso (PG). Exames iniciais revelaram pancitopenia, inversão do padrão albumina/globulina (0,55; normal: 1,9–1,63), proteína C‐reativa elevada (PCR=35; normal: <10mg/L) e hepatoesplenomegalia à ultrassonografia, revelaram parênquima preservado com hematopoiese extramedular na histopatologia de biópsia hepática. Apresentava hipertensão portal com varizes esofágicas e osteoporose pronunciada com fratura patológica em T12.

Figura 1.

Lesões cutâneas antes (direita) e após (esquerda) seis meses de tratamento.

(0.2MB).

Considerando a hipótese diagnóstica de Hz/Hc, foram feitas dosagens séricas de zinco e calprotectina, obtiveram‐se os valores de 869μg/L (normal: 70–120μg/L) e 642μg/L (normal: <1,6μg/L), respectivamente.

Foram iniciadas ciclosporina A (3,5mg/kg/dia) e prednisolona (1,5mg/kg/dia), evolui com cicatrização das lesões, ganho de peso e melhoria parcial da anemia, porém a resposta terapêutica piorou após regressão dos níveis de imunossupressão, evoluiu com o agravamento de lesões preexistentes e a formação de lesão ulcerada no ponto de feitura da biópsia hepática transcutânea, compatível com patergia (fig. 1D, 1E e 1F). Os níveis de imunossupressão foram restaurados e foi associado adalimumabe 40mg quinzenalmente, com melhoria significativa, porém parcial, das lesões cutâneas.

Em estudo genético da paciente encontrou‐se a variante c.748G>A p. (Glu250Lys) no éxon 1 do gene PSTPIP1, em heterozigose. Essa variante substitui um ácido glutâmico por uma lisina no códon 250da proteína traduzida, que foi descrita como patogênica no banco de dados Infervers e Clinvar (rs28939089) quando associada à síndrome de PAPA (MIM 604416).

Discussão

A Hz/Hc é uma rara condição autoinflamatória caracterizada clinicamente por lesões cutâneas inflamatórias pustulosas e ulcerativas, artrite recorrente, hepatoesplenomegalia, pancitopenia e déficit de crescimento, sem predileção por sexo, geralmente diagnosticada na juventude. A doença apresenta achados laboratoriais característicos, como níveis séricos extremamente altos do zinco e principalmente da calprotectina (500–12.000 vezes os níveis normais).3

A calprotectina é formada por um complexo de duas proteínas MRP8/14, ativadores endógenos do receptor Toll‐like 4 (TLR‐4) e pertencentes à família das alarminas. É encontrada no citoplasma de neutrófilos e apresenta intensa atividade pró‐inflamatória.5,6 Recentemente, identificaram‐se nesses pacientes mutações específicas com alteração de um único aminoácido na PSTPIP1, proteína associada ao citoesqueleto responsável pela ativação de células T e liberação de IL‐1b. Outras mutações nesse mesmo gene já foram associadas a outras doenças autoinflamatórias, como a síndrome PAPA (artrite piogênica, PG e acne), com algumas semelhanças clínicas com a Hz/Hc, porém nenhuma apresentava níveis tão elevados de calprotectina e zinco.2

Até o momento, nenhum tratamento mostrou‐se totalmente eficaz, com relatos de uso de corticosteroides, ciclosporina, tacrolimus, inibidores de TNF e IL‐1. A Hz/Hc é uma doença multissistêmica com sintomatologia inespecífica, porém crônica, e já se apresenta desde a infância na maioria dos casos.2,4–7 Os níveis extremamente elevados de zinco e calprotectina séricos favorecem fortemente o diagnóstico, portanto devem ser considerados em casos suspeitos.

As alterações cutâneas na Hz/Hc foram relatadas como vasculite, eczemas, úlceras furunculoides e lesões necróticas, porém ressalta‐se que tendem a ser inflamatórias, ulceradas, por vezes pruriginosas, com clínica e histopatologia semelhantes ao PG, tendem a acometer extremidades inferiores simetricamente, com relatos de lesões faciais, particularmente nas pálpebras. A observação de tais lesões crônicas em crianças e adultos jovens com hepatoesplenomegalia, artralgia/artrite, PCR elevado e anemia microcítica devem levar à suspeita diagnóstica de Hz/Hc.

Suporte financeiro

Nenhum.

Contribuição dos autores

Ludimila Oliveira Resende: Elaboração e redação do manuscrito.

Marilia Formentini Scotton Jorge: Elaboração e redação do manuscrito; participação intelectual em conduta propedêutica e/ou terapêutica de casos estudados.

Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt: Participação efetiva na orientação da pesquisa; participação intelectual em conduta propedêutica e/ou terapêutica de casos estudados.

Conflitos de interesse

Nenhum.

Referências
[1]
K.M. Hambidge, D.A. Norris, J.H. Githens, D. Ambruso, F.A. Catalanotto.
Hyperzincemia in a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum.
J Pediatr., 106 (1985), pp. 450-451
[2]
D. Holzinger, S.K. Fassl, W. de Jager, P. Lohse, U.F. Röhrig, M. Gattorno, et al.
Single amino acid switch defines clinically distinct Proline‐Serine‐Threonine Phosphatase‐Interacting Protein 1 (PSTPIP1) – associated inflammatory diseases.
J Allergy Clin Immunol., 136 (2015), pp. 1337-1345
[3]
B. Sampson, M.K. Fagerhol, C. Sunderkötter, B.E. Golden, P. Richmond, N. Klein, et al.
Hyperzincaemia and hypercalprotectinaemia: a new disorder of zinc metabolism.
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[4]
B. Isidor, S. Poignant, N. Corradini, M. Fouassier, P. Quartier, J. Roth, et al.
Hyperzincemia and hypercalprotectinemia: unsuccessful treatment with tacrolimus.
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[5]
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J Leukoc Biol., 86 (2009), pp. 557-566
[6]
I. Stríz, I. Trebichavský.
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Physiol Res., 53 (2004), pp. 245-253
[7]
T. Sugiura, K. Goto, K. Ito, K. Ban, S. Okada, A. Moriyama, et al.
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Acta Paediatr., 95 (2006), pp. 857-860

Como citar este artigo: Resende LO, Jorge MFS, Schmitt JV. Extensive pyoderma gangrenosum‐like lesions revealing a case of hyperzinquemia and hypercalprotectinemia: when to suspect it? An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94:713–6.

Trabalho realizado no Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.

Copyright © 2019. Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia
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