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imprevis&#237;vel e a resposta ao tratamento pode ser vari&#225;vel&#46; Recentemente&#44; alguns autores reconhecem a AA como condi&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica em decorr&#234;ncia do aumento de sua associa&#231;&#227;o com algumas comorbidades&#44; especialmente doen&#231;as metab&#243;licas e cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar potenciais caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e fatores progn&#243;sticos relacionados ao resultado do tratamento na AA de in&#237;cio precoce&#46; Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu 82 pacientes de ambos os sexos e todos os tipos de pele&#44; clinicamente diagnosticados com o primeiro epis&#243;dio de AA antes dos 18 anos na Cl&#237;nica de Doen&#231;as dos Cabelos do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Brasil&#44; entre 2014 e 2019&#46; Os dados dos pacientes foram obtidos dos prontu&#225;rios e avaliados por an&#225;lise multivariada&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o inclu&#237;ram outros tipos de alopecia do couro cabeludo&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo incluiu 43 pacientes femininas e 39 masculinos com m&#233;dia de idade atual de 20&#44;44 &#40;4&#8208;43&#41; anos e m&#233;dia de idade de in&#237;cio da doen&#231;a aos 7&#44;7 anos&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da doen&#231;a foi de 10&#44;94 &#40;0&#44;5&#8208;36&#41; anos&#44; e o seguimento m&#233;dio foi de 24&#44;7 &#40;0&#44;5&#8208;60&#41; meses&#46; A comorbidade associada mais frequente foi hipotireoidismo &#40;24&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#59; desses&#44; por&#233;m&#44; apenas 6&#44;1&#37; apresentavam doen&#231;a de Hashimoto&#46; O tipo de AA mais frequente foi o universal &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#59; 34&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Quase 60&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>49&#41; dos pacientes apresentavam envolvimento de c&#237;lios&#44; sobrancelhas e&#47;ou unhas&#46; Quase todos os pacientes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>79&#44; 96&#44;3&#37;&#41; foram submetidos &#224; terapia t&#243;pica associada ou n&#227;o a outros tratamentos&#44; que inclu&#237;ram corticoides intralesionais&#44; corticoides sist&#234;micos&#44; ciclosporina&#44; fototerapia UVB&#8208;NB e difenciprona&#46; Sessenta e dois por cento &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#41; apresentaram crescimento completo ou parcial do cabelo e 23&#44;3&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#41; tiveram recorr&#234;ncia ap&#243;s cinco anos&#44; a maioria apresentando&#8208;se como les&#245;es m&#250;ltiplas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso de inje&#231;&#245;es intralesionais de esteroides foi a &#250;nica vari&#225;vel estatisticamente significante relacionada a melhor resposta ao tratamento na an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; com p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;007 &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;56&#44; IC95&#37; 1&#44;52&#8208;13&#44;6&#41;&#46; Inje&#231;&#245;es intralesionais de esteroides com hexacetonido de triancinolona &#40;HT&#41; na concentra&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;mL &#40;2&#44;5&#8208;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;mL&#41; foram realizadas mensalmente em 26 pacientes com mais de 13 anos de idade&#44; e o n&#250;mero m&#233;dio de sess&#245;es foi de 8&#44;7&#46; Digno de nota&#44; os pacientes que foram submetidos a inje&#231;&#245;es de HT apresentavam&#44; em sua maioria&#44; AA universal&#44; maior m&#233;dia de idade&#44; maior idade de in&#237;cio de AA&#44; doen&#231;a mais longa e seguimento mais longo&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo geral&#46; Nenhum efeito colateral relevante foi relatado nesse grupo&#44; exceto dor local&#44; sangramento m&#237;nimo por pun&#231;&#227;o e atrofia transit&#243;ria da pele do couro cabeludo&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As evid&#234;ncias atuais sugerem que a disfun&#231;&#227;o tireoidiana e as doen&#231;as autoimunes da tireoide s&#227;o mais prevalentes em pacientes com AA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> mas ainda faltam dados em crian&#231;as&#46; Embora quase metade dos pacientes com hipotireoidismo apresentassem AA universal ou total&#44; isso n&#227;o foi associado a resposta terap&#234;utica inferior&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; caracter&#237;sticas conhecidas como geralmente relacionadas a mau progn&#243;stico&#44; como AA extensa &#40;total&#47;universal&#41;&#44; envolvimento ungueal&#44; hist&#243;ria familiar de AA ou dermatite at&#243;pica&#44; n&#227;o foram relacionadas a pior resultado terap&#234;utico neste estudo&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a ades&#227;o ao tratamento foi o &#250;nico fator progn&#243;stico modificado&#44; como relatado anteriormente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora existam muitos tratamentos para AA&#44; as op&#231;&#245;es atualmente dispon&#237;veis n&#227;o s&#227;o curativas &#8211; no m&#225;ximo controlam e limitam a doen&#231;a &#8211; e as recorr&#234;ncias s&#227;o frequentes ao longo do tempo&#46; A escolha do tratamento adequado depende da idade do paciente&#44; da extens&#227;o e dura&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46; De acordo com o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AA Consensus of Experts Study</span>&#44; para pacientes com mais de 13 anos de idade com AA afetando 30&#37; a 50&#37; do couro cabeludo&#44; os corticosteroides intralesionais &#40;preferencialmente acetonido de triancinolona &#91;AT&#93;&#41; s&#227;o considerados terapia de primeira linha&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> O HT&#44; comercializado como suspens&#227;o est&#233;ril de 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;mL&#44; &#233; a op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica mais dispon&#237;vel para inje&#231;&#227;o intralesional de esteroides no Brasil&#46; Embora acredite&#8208;se que o HT tenha melhor efic&#225;cia em compara&#231;&#227;o com o AT&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> ele &#233; um derivado do AT menos sol&#250;vel e doses mais baixas devem ser utilizadas para evitar atrofia da pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo incluem an&#225;lise retrospectiva&#44; falta de grupo controle e modalidades de tratamento escolhidas de acordo com a disponibilidade na institui&#231;&#227;o dos autores&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os achados do presente estudo apoiam o fato de que inje&#231;&#245;es consecutivas de esteroides intralesionais podem ser fator modificador do curso da AA&#44; ajudando a promover o crescimento do cabelo e a ades&#227;o ao tratamento&#44; especialmente nos casos de in&#237;cio precoce&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; inje&#231;&#245;es intralesionais de HT podem ser consideradas terapia eficaz&#44; segura e de baixo custo para adolescentes com AA&#44; se o AT n&#227;o estiver dispon&#237;vel&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Declara&#231;&#227;o de &#233;tica</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este protocolo de estudo foi revisado e aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica Universit&#225;ria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; com n&#250;mero de aprova&#231;&#227;o&#58; 4&#46;919&#46;529&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes neste manuscrito deram seu consentimento informado por escrito para a publica&#231;&#227;o dos detalhes de seus casos&#46; Para todos os participantes menores de idade&#44; o consentimento informado por escrito foi obtido dos pais&#47;respons&#225;veis legais&#47;parentes pr&#243;ximos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isabella Doche&#58; Contribuiu com a concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; contribuiu na reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; participou na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#44; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta terap&#234;utica de casos estudados e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paula Gerlero&#58; Contribuiu com a concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; contribuiu na reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#44; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta terap&#234;utica de casos estudados e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tiara Magalh&#227;es&#58; Contribuiu com a concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#44; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta terap&#234;utica de casos estudados e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chan Thien&#58; Contribuiu com a concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#44; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta terap&#234;utica de casos estudados e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thalita Macedo&#58; Contribuiu com a concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#44; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta terap&#234;utica de casos estudados e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Cec&#237;lia Rivitti&#8208;Machado&#58; Contribuiu na reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#44; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta terap&#234;utica de casos estudados e na revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; contribuiu com a concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Doche I&#44; Gerlero P&#44; Magalh&#227;es T&#44; Thien CI&#44; Macedo T&#44; Rivitti&#8208;Machado MC&#46; Multivariate analysis of clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in early&#8208;onset alopecia areata&#58; a retrospective study with&#160;82&#160;Brazilian patients&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2023&#59;98&#58;681&#8211;4&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade na primeira consulta &#40;a&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;0&#8208;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dura&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a &#40;a&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;1&#8208;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;0&#44;5&#8208;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tempo de seguimento &#40;m&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;0&#44;5&#8208;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tempo at&#233; a recorr&#234;ncia &#40;m&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">87&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">225&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;6&#8208;1220&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tipo de queda de cabelo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Universal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;34&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#250;ltiplas placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;29&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Placa &#250;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fototerapia &#40;NB&#8208;UVB&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Resposta ao tratamento &#40;crescimento parcial ou completo dos cabelos&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recorr&#234;ncia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07230.x"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1971"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "272"
                        "paginaFinal" => "273"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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Vol. 98. Núm. 5.
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Análise multivariada das características clínicas e fatores prognósticos na alopecia areata de início precoce: estudo retrospectivo com 82 pacientes brasileiros
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Isabella Doche, Paula Gerlero
Autor para correspondência
gerleropaula@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Tiara Magalhães, Chan I. Thien, Thalita Macedo, Maria Cecília Rivitti‐Machado
Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Tabela 1. Características demográficas, clínicas e terapêuticas dos pacientes
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Prezado Editor,

A alopecia areata (AA) é uma doença autoimune não‐cicatricial, que afeta adultos e crianças. Embora aproximadamente 2% da população geral desenvolvam a doença em algum momento da vida, a AA pediátrica constitui aproximadamente 20% dos casos, e cerca de 60% desenvolverão a primeira placa antes dos 20 anos.1 Entretanto, até 50% dos pacientes jovens com doença limitada costumam apresentar crescimento dos cabelos dentro de um ano sem tratamento. Embora existam algumas características conhecidas de AA consideradas indicadores de mau prognóstico,2 o curso da doença ainda é imprevisível e a resposta ao tratamento pode ser variável. Recentemente, alguns autores reconhecem a AA como condição sistêmica em decorrência do aumento de sua associação com algumas comorbidades, especialmente doenças metabólicas e cardiovasculares.3

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar potenciais características clínicas e fatores prognósticos relacionados ao resultado do tratamento na AA de início precoce. Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu 82 pacientes de ambos os sexos e todos os tipos de pele, clinicamente diagnosticados com o primeiro episódio de AA antes dos 18 anos na Clínica de Doenças dos Cabelos do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 2014 e 2019. Os dados dos pacientes foram obtidos dos prontuários e avaliados por análise multivariada. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram outros tipos de alopecia do couro cabeludo.

Este estudo incluiu 43 pacientes femininas e 39 masculinos com média de idade atual de 20,44 (4‐43) anos e média de idade de início da doença aos 7,7 anos. A duração média da doença foi de 10,94 (0,5‐36) anos, e o seguimento médio foi de 24,7 (0,5‐60) meses. A comorbidade associada mais frequente foi hipotireoidismo (24,4%); desses, porém, apenas 6,1% apresentavam doença de Hashimoto. O tipo de AA mais frequente foi o universal (n=28; 34,1%). Quase 60% (n=49) dos pacientes apresentavam envolvimento de cílios, sobrancelhas e/ou unhas. Quase todos os pacientes (n=79, 96,3%) foram submetidos à terapia tópica associada ou não a outros tratamentos, que incluíram corticoides intralesionais, corticoides sistêmicos, ciclosporina, fototerapia UVB‐NB e difenciprona. Sessenta e dois por cento (n=51) apresentaram crescimento completo ou parcial do cabelo e 23,3% (n=19) tiveram recorrência após cinco anos, a maioria apresentando‐se como lesões múltiplas (tabela 1).

Tabela 1.

Características demográficas, clínicas e terapêuticas dos pacientes

  Média  DP  (Variação)  Mediana  N° de pacientes, % (n=82) 
Sexo
Masculino          39 (47.6) 
Feminino          43 (52.4) 
Idade (a)
Total  20,4  9,2  (4‐43)  17   
Masculino  17,6  6,2  (6‐33)  17   
Feminino  23  10,8  (4‐43)  22   
Idade na primeira consulta (a)
Total  7,7  4,4  (0‐18)  6,5   
Masculino  7,6  4,2  (0‐18)   
Feminino  7,7  4,6  (0‐18)   
Duração da doença (a)
Total  10,9  (0,5‐36)  9,5   
Masculino  5,2  (1‐23)   
Feminino  13,5  9,2  (0,5‐36)  10   
Tempo de seguimento (m)  24,7  16,9  (0,5‐60)  24,5   
Tempo até a recorrência (m)  87,4  225,1  (6‐1220)  24,4   
Tipo de queda de cabelo
Universal          28 (34,1) 
Múltiplas placas          24 (29,3) 
Placa única          15 (18,3) 
Total          12 (14,6) 
Ofiásica          3 (3,7) 
Envolvimento de cílios, sobrancelhas e/ou unhas          49 (59,8) 
Histórico familiar de AA          6 (7,3) 
Hipotireoidismo          20 (24,4) 
Doença de Hashimoto          5 (6,1) 
Dermatite atópica          4 (4,9) 
Asma          6 (7,3) 
Vitiligo          4 (4,9) 
Obesidade          4 (4,9) 
Síndrome de Down          4 (4,9) 
Tratamento tópico          79 (96,3) 
Somente corticosteroides          63 (76,8) 
Minoxidil          22 (26,8) 
Tacrolimus          18 (22) 
Antralina          39 (47,6) 
Esteroide intralesional          26 (31,7) 
Difenciprona          15 (18,3) 
Tratamento sistêmico          29 (35,4) 
Corticosteroides orais          22 (26,8) 
Ciclosporina          68 (82,9) 
Fototerapia (NB‐UVB)          68 (82,9) 
Resposta ao tratamento (crescimento parcial ou completo dos cabelos)          51 (62,2) 
Recorrência          19 (23,2) 
Tipo de recorrência da queda de cabelo
Múltiplas placas          14 (17,1) 
Universal          3 (3,7) 
Total          2 (2,4) 

a, anos; AA, alopecia areata; DP, desvio‐padrão; m, meses; N, número de pacientes; NB‐UVB, radiação ultravioleta B de banda estreita.

O uso de injeções intralesionais de esteroides foi a única variável estatisticamente significante relacionada a melhor resposta ao tratamento na análise multivariada, com p=0,007 (OR=4,56, IC95% 1,52‐13,6). Injeções intralesionais de esteroides com hexacetonido de triancinolona (HT) na concentração média de 5mg/mL (2,5‐10mg/mL) foram realizadas mensalmente em 26 pacientes com mais de 13 anos de idade, e o número médio de sessões foi de 8,7. Digno de nota, os pacientes que foram submetidos a injeções de HT apresentavam, em sua maioria, AA universal, maior média de idade, maior idade de início de AA, doença mais longa e seguimento mais longo, em comparação com o grupo geral. Nenhum efeito colateral relevante foi relatado nesse grupo, exceto dor local, sangramento mínimo por punção e atrofia transitória da pele do couro cabeludo.

As evidências atuais sugerem que a disfunção tireoidiana e as doenças autoimunes da tireoide são mais prevalentes em pacientes com AA,4,5 mas ainda faltam dados em crianças. Embora quase metade dos pacientes com hipotireoidismo apresentassem AA universal ou total, isso não foi associado a resposta terapêutica inferior. Além disso, características conhecidas como geralmente relacionadas a mau prognóstico, como AA extensa (total/universal), envolvimento ungueal, história familiar de AA ou dermatite atópica, não foram relacionadas a pior resultado terapêutico neste estudo. Por outro lado, a adesão ao tratamento foi o único fator prognóstico modificado, como relatado anteriormente.6

Embora existam muitos tratamentos para AA, as opções atualmente disponíveis não são curativas – no máximo controlam e limitam a doença – e as recorrências são frequentes ao longo do tempo. A escolha do tratamento adequado depende da idade do paciente, da extensão e duração da doença. De acordo com o AA Consensus of Experts Study, para pacientes com mais de 13 anos de idade com AA afetando 30% a 50% do couro cabeludo, os corticosteroides intralesionais (preferencialmente acetonido de triancinolona [AT]) são considerados terapia de primeira linha.7 O HT, comercializado como suspensão estéril de 20mg/mL, é a opção terapêutica mais disponível para injeção intralesional de esteroides no Brasil. Embora acredite‐se que o HT tenha melhor eficácia em comparação com o AT,8 ele é um derivado do AT menos solúvel e doses mais baixas devem ser utilizadas para evitar atrofia da pele.9

As limitações deste estudo incluem análise retrospectiva, falta de grupo controle e modalidades de tratamento escolhidas de acordo com a disponibilidade na instituição dos autores.

Os achados do presente estudo apoiam o fato de que injeções consecutivas de esteroides intralesionais podem ser fator modificador do curso da AA, ajudando a promover o crescimento do cabelo e a adesão ao tratamento, especialmente nos casos de início precoce. Além disso, injeções intralesionais de HT podem ser consideradas terapia eficaz, segura e de baixo custo para adolescentes com AA, se o AT não estiver disponível.

Declaração de ética

Este protocolo de estudo foi revisado e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética Universitária da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com número de aprovação: 4.919.529.

Todos os pacientes neste manuscrito deram seu consentimento informado por escrito para a publicação dos detalhes de seus casos. Para todos os participantes menores de idade, o consentimento informado por escrito foi obtido dos pais/responsáveis legais/parentes próximos.

Suporte financeiro

Nenhum

Contribuição dos autores

Isabella Doche: Contribuiu com a concepção e planejamento do estudo, obtenção, análise e interpretação dos dados; contribuiu na redação do manuscrito e na revisão crítica do conteúdo intelectual importante; participou na orientação da pesquisa, participação intelectual em conduta terapêutica de casos estudados e na revisão crítica da literatura; aprovação da versão final do manuscrito.

Paula Gerlero: Contribuiu com a concepção e planejamento do estudo, obtenção, análise e interpretação dos dados; contribuiu na redação do manuscrito e na revisão crítica de conteúdo intelectual importante; participação na orientação da pesquisa, participação intelectual em conduta terapêutica de casos estudados e na revisão crítica da literatura; aprovação da versão final do manuscrito.

Tiara Magalhães: Contribuiu com a concepção e planejamento do estudo, obtenção, análise e interpretação dos dados; participação na orientação da pesquisa, participação intelectual em conduta terapêutica de casos estudados e na revisão crítica da literatura; aprovação da versão final do manuscrito.

Chan Thien: Contribuiu com a concepção e planejamento do estudo, obtenção, análise e interpretação dos dados; participação na orientação da pesquisa, participação intelectual em conduta terapêutica de casos estudados e na revisão crítica da literatura; aprovação da versão final do manuscrito.

Thalita Macedo: Contribuiu com a concepção e planejamento do estudo, obtenção, análise e interpretação dos dados; participação na orientação da pesquisa, participação intelectual em conduta terapêutica de casos estudados e na revisão crítica da literatura; aprovação da versão final do manuscrito.

Maria Cecília Rivitti‐Machado: Contribuiu na redação do manuscrito e na revisão crítica de conteúdo intelectual importante; participação na orientação da pesquisa, participação intelectual em conduta terapêutica de casos estudados e na revisão crítica da literatura; aprovação da versão final do manuscrito; contribuiu com a concepção e planejamento do estudo, obtenção, análise e interpretação dos dados.

Conflito de interesses

Nenhum.

Referências
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A. Alkhalifah, A. Alsantali, E. Wang, K.J. McElwee, J. Shapiro.
Alopecia areata update: part I Clinical picture, histopathology, and pathogenesis.
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[7]
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[8]
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[9]
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Como citar este artigo: Doche I, Gerlero P, Magalhães T, Thien CI, Macedo T, Rivitti‐Machado MC. Multivariate analysis of clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in early‐onset alopecia areata: a retrospective study with 82 Brazilian patients. An Bras Dermatol. 2023;98:681–4.

Trabalho realizado no Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Copyright © 2023. Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia
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