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as pesquisas foram realizadas utilizando os bancos de dados PubMed&#44; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials&#44; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews&#44; Ovid Medline&#44; ACP Journal Club e Database of Abstracts of Review of Effectiveness desde suas datas de in&#237;cio at&#233; agosto de 2019&#46; Os termos de busca utilizados foram&#58; &#8220;pemphigus foliaceus&#8221;&#44; &#8220;pemphigus vulgaris&#8221;&#44; ou &#8220;pemphigus&#8221; em conjunto com &#8220;systemic lupus erythematosus&#8221;&#44; &#8220;lupus&#8221; ou &#8220;SLE&#8221;&#46; Os estudos inclu&#237;dos compararam casos de LES em pacientes com p&#234;nfigo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles&#46; Os casos de p&#234;nfigo inclu&#237;ram seus subtipos &#40;p&#234;nfigo vulgar&#44; p&#234;nfigo vegetante&#44; p&#234;nfigo foli&#225;ceo&#44; p&#234;nfigo eritematoso e p&#234;nfigo induzido por f&#225;rmacos&#41;&#46; Os estudos foram exclu&#237;dos se o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico n&#227;o tivesse sido confirmado por imunofluoresc&#234;ncia direta ou indireta ou ensaio de imunoabsor&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica&#46; 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ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o de ocorr&#234;ncias duplicadas ou irrelevantes&#44; quatro estudos foram inclu&#237;dos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8208;5</span></a> Uma associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativa entre p&#234;nfigo e LES foi observada &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61; 2&#44;16&#44; IC95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;09&#8208;4&#44;25&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#44; com heterogeneidade &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61; 50&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; O NNT foi calculado em 405&#44; utilizando as taxas de preval&#234;ncia de LES na Am&#233;rica do Norte como substituto para PEER e o OR de 2&#44;16&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma di&#225;tese autoimune descreve a associa&#231;&#227;o de condi&#231;&#245;es autoimunes&#46; Embora a literatura que descreve a coexist&#234;ncia de p&#234;nfigo e LES seja limitada&#44; o p&#234;nfigo eritematoso &#40;tamb&#233;m conhecido como s&#237;ndrome de Senear&#8208;Usher&#41;&#44; uma s&#237;ndrome de superposi&#231;&#227;o entre o p&#234;nfigo vulgar e o LES&#44; foi descrito em 1926&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Isso pode indicar uma associa&#231;&#227;o fisiopatol&#243;gica subjacente entre as duas condi&#231;&#245;es&#46; Estudos sorol&#243;gicos demonstram que um ter&#231;o dos casos de p&#234;nfigo vulgar apresenta positividade para anticorpos antinucleares com padr&#227;o homog&#234;neo&#44; que est&#225; associado ao LES ativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; um estudo recente de associa&#231;&#227;o do genoma completo &#40;GWAS&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">genome&#8208;wide association study</span>&#41; identificou novas vias de c&#233;lulas T&#8208;CD4<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> entre o p&#234;nfigo e o LES&#44; e caracterizou IRF8 e STAT1 como genes regulat&#243;rios principais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Tanto o p&#234;nfigo quanto o LES apresentam diversos anticorpos&#46; Um mecanismo proposto entre essas condi&#231;&#245;es autoimunes &#233; o fen&#244;meno <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">epitope-spreading</span>&#44; em que a resposta autoinflamat&#243;ria inicial exp&#245;e novos ant&#237;genos&#44; alimentando a rea&#231;&#227;o autoimune subsequente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As limita&#231;&#245;es de nosso estudo incluem a falta de dados relativos a subtipos imunopatol&#243;gicos&#44; caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#44; gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; cronologia dos diagn&#243;sticos &#40;ou seja&#44; qual diagn&#243;stico precedeu o outro&#41;&#44; informa&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao tratamento e um valor verdadeiro de PEER para obter um NNT mais preciso&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; diferentes tipos de estudo&#44; tamanhos de coorte e dados demogr&#225;ficos dos pacientes podem influenciar as estat&#237;sticas&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Encontramos uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre p&#234;nfigo e LES&#44; embora de ocorr&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica incomum&#46; No entanto&#44; os m&#233;dicos que cuidam de pacientes com p&#234;nfigo devem estar cientes dessa poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o&#46; Mais pesquisas s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para elucidar a base molecular dessa associa&#231;&#227;o&#44; julgar mais especificamente seu significado cl&#237;nico e preval&#234;ncia e&#44; possivelmente&#44; identificar estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas ideais para pacientes com coexist&#234;ncia de ambas as condi&#231;&#245;es&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Contribui&#231;&#245;es dos autores</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vignesh Ramachandran&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kevin Phan&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Saxon D&#46; Smith&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Ramachandran V&#44; Phan K&#44; Smith SD&#46; Association between pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus&#58; a systematic review and meta&#8208;analysis&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2021&#59;96&#58;243&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Trabalho realizado no Departamento de Dermatologia&#44; Liverpool Hospital&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia e na University of New South Wales&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gr&#225;fico em floresta &#40;do ingl&#234;s&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">forest plot</span>&#41; representando a associa&#231;&#227;o entre p&#234;nfigo e l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Autor&#44; Peri&#243;dico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T&#237;tulo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Local&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Desenho do estudo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero de casos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero de controles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Chiu&#44; Eur J Dermatol&#46; 2017&#59;27&#40;4&#41;&#58;375&#8208;81&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus&#58; a nationwide case&#8208;control study in Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Caso&#8208;controle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;998&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;992&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hsu&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2016&#59; 174&#40;6&#41;&#58;1290&#8208;8&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbidities and inpatient mortality for pemphigus in the U&#46;S&#46;A&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">EUA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Transversal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;406&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;033&#46;305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Kridin&#44; J Am Acad Dermatol&#46; 2017&#59; 77&#40;6&#41;&#58;1174&#8208;5&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Association between pemphigus and psoriasis&#58; A population&#8208;based large&#8208;scale study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Transversal e metan&#225;lise&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;874&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Parameswaran&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2015&#59; 172&#40;3&#41;&#58;729&#8208;38&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Identification of a new disease cluster of pemphigus vulgaris with autoimmune thyroid disease&#44; rheumatoid arthritis&#44; and type&#160;I diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Global &#40;primariamente EUA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Transversal e metan&#225;lise&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Estat&#237;sticas gerais da popula&#231;&#227;o &#40;Center for Disease Control and Prevention&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas dos estudos que avaliaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre p&#234;nfigo e l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus&#58; a systematic review of epidemiological studies"
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                          "autores" => array:5 [
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                            2 => "M&#46;J&#46; Grainge"
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                      "doi" => "10.1093/rheumatology/kex260"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology &#40;Oxford&#41;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1945"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1961"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968809"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus&#58; a nationwide case&#8208;control study in Taiwan"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;W&#46; Chiu"
                            1 => "Y&#46;D&#46; Chen"
                            2 => "T&#46;C&#46; Hua"
                            3 => "C&#46;H&#46; Wu"
                            4 => "H&#46;N&#46; Liu"
                            5 => "Y&#46;T&#46; Chang"
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Carta ‐ Investigação
Associação entre pênfigo e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: revisão sistemática e metanálise
Vignesh Ramachandrana,
Autor para correspondência
vig.ramachandran@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Kevin Phanb,c, Saxon D. Smithd
a Departamento de Dermatologia, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, Estados Unidos
b Departamento de Dermatologia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Austrália
c University of New South Wales, Sydney, Austrália
d Departamento de Dermatologia, The Dermatology & Skin Cancer Centre, Sydney, Austrália
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    "titulo" => "Associa&#231;&#227;o entre p&#234;nfigo e l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico&#58; revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O p&#234;nfigo define um grupo de doen&#231;as autoimunes mediadas por IgG que t&#234;m como alvo o epit&#233;lio escamoso da pele e da mucosa oral&#44; manifestando&#8208;se como bolhas e eros&#245;es intraepid&#233;rmicas que podem ser gravemente debilitantes&#46; A etiologia autoimune e a cronicidade dos dist&#250;rbios do p&#234;nfigo estimularam a investiga&#231;&#227;o de sua associa&#231;&#227;o com outras doen&#231;as autoimunes&#46; Alguns estudos observam a coexist&#234;ncia de p&#234;nfigo e l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico &#40;LES&#41;&#46; Desconhece&#8208;se a exist&#234;ncia ou n&#227;o de uma verdadeira associa&#231;&#227;o entre essas doen&#231;as&#46; Aqui&#44; realizamos uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise para avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre p&#234;nfigo e LES&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA&#44; as pesquisas foram realizadas utilizando os bancos de dados PubMed&#44; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials&#44; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews&#44; Ovid Medline&#44; ACP Journal Club e Database of Abstracts of Review of Effectiveness desde suas datas de in&#237;cio at&#233; agosto de 2019&#46; Os termos de busca utilizados foram&#58; &#8220;pemphigus foliaceus&#8221;&#44; &#8220;pemphigus vulgaris&#8221;&#44; ou &#8220;pemphigus&#8221; em conjunto com &#8220;systemic lupus erythematosus&#8221;&#44; &#8220;lupus&#8221; ou &#8220;SLE&#8221;&#46; Os estudos inclu&#237;dos compararam casos de LES em pacientes com p&#234;nfigo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles&#46; Os casos de p&#234;nfigo inclu&#237;ram seus subtipos &#40;p&#234;nfigo vulgar&#44; p&#234;nfigo vegetante&#44; p&#234;nfigo foli&#225;ceo&#44; p&#234;nfigo eritematoso e p&#234;nfigo induzido por f&#225;rmacos&#41;&#46; Os estudos foram exclu&#237;dos se o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico n&#227;o tivesse sido confirmado por imunofluoresc&#234;ncia direta ou indireta ou ensaio de imunoabsor&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica&#46; Relatos de casos&#44; revis&#245;es e estudos sem controles tamb&#233;m foram exclu&#237;dos&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; foi calculado utilizando o modelo de efeitos aleat&#243;rios considerando a heterogeneidade do estudo de base avaliada com a estat&#237;stica I&#46; Como estat&#237;stica complementar&#44; um n&#250;mero necess&#225;rio para tratar &#40;NNT&#41; foi calculado utilizando o OR e a taxa de preval&#234;ncia de LES na Am&#233;rica do Norte &#40;241&#47;100&#46;000 pessoas&#44; 0&#44;241&#37;&#41; como substituto para a taxa de evento esperada do paciente &#40;PEER&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">patient expected event rate</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Review Manager Vers&#227;o 5&#46;3 &#40;Cochrane Collaboration&#44; Oxford&#44; Reino Unido&#41; foi o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> estat&#237;stico utilizado&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram identificadas 661 refer&#234;ncias e&#44; ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o de ocorr&#234;ncias duplicadas ou irrelevantes&#44; quatro estudos foram inclu&#237;dos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8208;5</span></a> Uma associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativa entre p&#234;nfigo e LES foi observada &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61; 2&#44;16&#44; IC95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;09&#8208;4&#44;25&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#44; com heterogeneidade &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61; 50&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; O NNT foi calculado em 405&#44; utilizando as taxas de preval&#234;ncia de LES na Am&#233;rica do Norte como substituto para PEER e o OR de 2&#44;16&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma di&#225;tese autoimune descreve a associa&#231;&#227;o de condi&#231;&#245;es autoimunes&#46; Embora a literatura que descreve a coexist&#234;ncia de p&#234;nfigo e LES seja limitada&#44; o p&#234;nfigo eritematoso &#40;tamb&#233;m conhecido como s&#237;ndrome de Senear&#8208;Usher&#41;&#44; uma s&#237;ndrome de superposi&#231;&#227;o entre o p&#234;nfigo vulgar e o LES&#44; foi descrito em 1926&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Isso pode indicar uma associa&#231;&#227;o fisiopatol&#243;gica subjacente entre as duas condi&#231;&#245;es&#46; Estudos sorol&#243;gicos demonstram que um ter&#231;o dos casos de p&#234;nfigo vulgar apresenta positividade para anticorpos antinucleares com padr&#227;o homog&#234;neo&#44; que est&#225; associado ao LES ativo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; um estudo recente de associa&#231;&#227;o do genoma completo &#40;GWAS&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">genome&#8208;wide association study</span>&#41; identificou novas vias de c&#233;lulas T&#8208;CD4<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> entre o p&#234;nfigo e o LES&#44; e caracterizou IRF8 e STAT1 como genes regulat&#243;rios principais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Tanto o p&#234;nfigo quanto o LES apresentam diversos anticorpos&#46; Um mecanismo proposto entre essas condi&#231;&#245;es autoimunes &#233; o fen&#244;meno <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">epitope-spreading</span>&#44; em que a resposta autoinflamat&#243;ria inicial exp&#245;e novos ant&#237;genos&#44; alimentando a rea&#231;&#227;o autoimune subsequente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As limita&#231;&#245;es de nosso estudo incluem a falta de dados relativos a subtipos imunopatol&#243;gicos&#44; caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#44; gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; cronologia dos diagn&#243;sticos &#40;ou seja&#44; qual diagn&#243;stico precedeu o outro&#41;&#44; informa&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao tratamento e um valor verdadeiro de PEER para obter um NNT mais preciso&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; diferentes tipos de estudo&#44; tamanhos de coorte e dados demogr&#225;ficos dos pacientes podem influenciar as estat&#237;sticas&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Encontramos uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre p&#234;nfigo e LES&#44; embora de ocorr&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica incomum&#46; No entanto&#44; os m&#233;dicos que cuidam de pacientes com p&#234;nfigo devem estar cientes dessa poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o&#46; Mais pesquisas s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para elucidar a base molecular dessa associa&#231;&#227;o&#44; julgar mais especificamente seu significado cl&#237;nico e preval&#234;ncia e&#44; possivelmente&#44; identificar estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas ideais para pacientes com coexist&#234;ncia de ambas as condi&#231;&#245;es&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Contribui&#231;&#245;es dos autores</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vignesh Ramachandran&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kevin Phan&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Saxon D&#46; Smith&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Ramachandran V&#44; Phan K&#44; Smith SD&#46; Association between pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus&#58; a systematic review and meta&#8208;analysis&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2021&#59;96&#58;243&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Trabalho realizado no Departamento de Dermatologia&#44; Liverpool Hospital&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia e na University of New South Wales&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">Chiu&#44; Eur J Dermatol&#46; 2017&#59;27&#40;4&#41;&#58;375&#8208;81&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus&#58; a nationwide case&#8208;control study in Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hsu&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2016&#59; 174&#40;6&#41;&#58;1290&#8208;8&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbidities and inpatient mortality for pemphigus in the U&#46;S&#46;A&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EUA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Transversal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;406&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;033&#46;305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kridin&#44; J Am Acad Dermatol&#46; 2017&#59; 77&#40;6&#41;&#58;1174&#8208;5&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Association between pemphigus and psoriasis&#58; A population&#8208;based large&#8208;scale study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Israel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Transversal e metan&#225;lise&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;874&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Parameswaran&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2015&#59; 172&#40;3&#41;&#58;729&#8208;38&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Identification of a new disease cluster of pemphigus vulgaris with autoimmune thyroid disease&#44; rheumatoid arthritis&#44; and type&#160;I diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Global &#40;primariamente EUA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Transversal e metan&#225;lise&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estat&#237;sticas gerais da popula&#231;&#227;o &#40;Center for Disease Control and Prevention&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas dos estudos que avaliaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre p&#234;nfigo e l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico</p>"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Rees"
                            1 => "M&#46; Doherty"
                            2 => "M&#46;J&#46; Grainge"
                            3 => "P&#46; Lanyon"
                            4 => "W&#46; Zhang"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/rheumatology/kex260"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology &#40;Oxford&#41;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "56"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "1961"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968809"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus&#58; a nationwide case&#8208;control study in Taiwan"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;W&#46; Chiu"
                            1 => "Y&#46;D&#46; Chen"
                            2 => "T&#46;C&#46; Hua"
                            3 => "C&#46;H&#46; Wu"
                            4 => "H&#46;N&#46; Liu"
                            5 => "Y&#46;T&#46; Chang"
                          ]
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                      ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1684/ejd.2017.3060"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Dermatol&#46;"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "381"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46;Y&#46; Hsu"
                            1 => "J&#46; Brieva"
                            2 => "A&#46;A&#46; Sinha"
                            3 => "S&#46;M&#46; Langan"
                            4 => "J&#46;I&#46; Silverberg"
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/bjd.14463"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "1290"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26864457"
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                          "autores" => array:4 [
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                            2 => "D&#46; Comaneshter"
                            3 => "A&#46;D&#46; Cohen"
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                      ]
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            2 => "R&#46; Sato"
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/bjd.13433"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "172"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "738"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25272088"
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                            0 => "F&#46;E&#46; Senear"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol&#46;"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                            0 => "N&#46; Ghandi"
                            1 => "K&#46; Kamyab"
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                            3 => "M&#46; Ghiasi"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                            3 => "D&#46; Zillikens"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Gupta"
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                      "doi" => "10.3389/fimmu.2017.01992"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Immunol&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1992"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29387060"
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                            0 => "C&#46;L&#46; Vanderlugt"
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                      "doi" => "10.1038/nri724"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Immunol&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "85"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910899"
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ISSN: 26662752
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