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entretanto&#44; as intera&#231;&#245;es entre os ceratin&#243;citos e as c&#233;lulas T residentes da pele na via da interleucina &#40;IL&#41; 23&#47;Th17 parecem participar no in&#237;cio e na progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> As evid&#234;ncias que sustentam essa hip&#243;tese incluem o isolamento de mRNA de IL&#8208;23 e IL&#8208;17 de les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas e o relato de concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas aumentadas de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 em pacientes com psor&#237;ase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; aten&#231;&#227;o especial tem sido dada ao papel prospectivo das prote&#237;nas S100 no desenvolvimento da psor&#237;ase&#46; A fam&#237;lia de prote&#237;nas S100 &#233; composta por prote&#237;nas ligantes de c&#225;lcio&#44; nas quais a psoriasina &#40;S100A7&#41; e a calgranulina A &#40;S100A8&#41; s&#227;o reguladas pela IL&#8208;17&#44; amplificando a resposta inflamat&#243;ria&#46; Foi relatado que S100A7&#44; S100A8 e calgranulina B &#40;S100A9&#41; apresentam express&#227;o em les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas&#44; revelando que essas prote&#237;nas S100 podem desempenhar um papel importante na prolifera&#231;&#227;o e diferencia&#231;&#227;o desreguladas de ceratin&#243;citos na pele de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; foi apontado que as prote&#237;nas S100 atuam como fatores quimiot&#225;ticos para c&#233;lulas imunes&#44; induzindo um ambiente pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rio no qual o in&#237;cio e a recorr&#234;ncia da psor&#237;ase podem ocorrer facilmente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos associaram a psor&#237;ase &#224; periodontite&#44; sugerindo uma imunopatog&#234;nese comum subjacente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Embora os estudos sobre o assunto sejam escassos&#44; os resultados s&#227;o particularmente interessantes&#44; uma vez que uma rela&#231;&#227;o potencialmente bidirecional entre as duas doen&#231;as foi sugerida&#46; Nesses estudos&#44; os pacientes com psor&#237;ase n&#227;o apenas apresentaram uma frequ&#234;ncia maior de periodontite e piores par&#226;metros periodontais&#44; mas tamb&#233;m um risco mais elevado de desenvolver periodontite em compara&#231;&#227;o com controles saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; uma potencial rela&#231;&#227;o de dose&#8208;resposta entre a psor&#237;ase e a periodontite foi relatada por Egeberg et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> pois a frequ&#234;ncia da periodontite aumentou quando a gravidade da psor&#237;ase aumentou&#46; Por outro lado&#44; algumas evid&#234;ncias indicam que pacientes com doen&#231;a periodontal podem ter frequ&#234;ncia e risco aumentados de psor&#237;ase&#59; entretanto&#44; mais evid&#234;ncias ainda s&#227;o necess&#225;rias&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De maneira similar &#224; psor&#237;ase&#44; a patog&#234;nese da periodontite inclui um envolvimento especial da via IL&#8208;23&#47;Th17&#46; A express&#227;o de IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 foi avaliada no fluido gengival crevicular &#40;FGC&#41; de pacientes com periodontite cr&#244;nica&#44; e essas citocinas t&#234;m sido associadas &#224; patog&#234;nese e gravidade da doen&#231;a e reabsor&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea alveolar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;17</span></a> Na periodontite&#44; estudos detectaram um heterocomplexo S100A8&#47;S100A9 no FGC&#44; saliva e soro de pacientes com periodontite&#44; enquanto um estudo recente associou a periodontite a n&#237;veis elevados de S100A8 salivar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At&#233; o momento&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; evid&#234;ncias para avaliar a express&#227;o de citocinas relacionadas a IL&#8208;23&#47;Th17 e prote&#237;nas da fam&#237;lia S100 no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46; Devido ao fato de o FGC abranger biomarcadores de diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;as orais e sist&#234;micas&#44; bem como expor com precis&#227;o os constituintes do soro e as rea&#231;&#245;es celulares do periodonto&#44; hipotetizamos que os n&#237;veis de citocinas envolvidas na regula&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas T e mol&#233;culas da fam&#237;lia de prote&#237;nas S100 no FGC mostrariam diferen&#231;as relevantes em indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos e saud&#225;veis com ou sem periodontite&#44; refletindo a rela&#231;&#227;o entre psor&#237;ase e periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Assim&#44; o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A7&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos e saud&#225;veis com e sem periodontite e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo transversal foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de bio&#233;tica do North Metropolitan Health Service&#44; Santiago&#44; Chile &#40;N52&#47;2017&#41;&#46; Todos os participantes forneceram consentimento informado por escrito antes da inclus&#227;o no estudo&#44; de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Indiv&#237;duos encaminhados para diagn&#243;stico presumido de psor&#237;ase na Unidade de Dermatologia do San Jos&#233; Hospital &#40;Santiago&#44; Chile&#41; foram inclu&#237;dos ao longo de um per&#237;odo de 10 meses &#40;2018&#41;&#46; Indiv&#237;duos sem psor&#237;ase foram selecionados simultaneamente entre pacientes volunt&#225;rios atendidos na cl&#237;nica odontol&#243;gica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidad Andr&#233;s Bello &#40;Santiago&#44; Chile&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade globais inclu&#237;ram&#58; i&#41; pacientes adultos &#40;&#8805; 18 anos&#41; com ii&#41; onze ou mais dentes &#40;excluindo terceiros molares&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram assim definidos&#58; i&#41; indiv&#237;duos com quaisquer doen&#231;as&#47;condi&#231;&#245;es sist&#234;micas conhecidas al&#233;m da psor&#237;ase &#40;especialmente aquelas envolvendo desregula&#231;&#227;o inflamat&#243;ria&#47;imunol&#243;gica&#44; como diabetes&#44; l&#250;pus sist&#234;mico e artrite&#47;osteoartrite&#44; entre outras&#41;&#59; ii&#41; pacientes que tinham recebido antibi&#243;ticos&#44; medicamentos anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;rios n&#227;o esteroides e&#47;ou terapia imunomoduladora nos &#250;ltimos tr&#234;s meses&#59; iii&#41; pacientes que tinham sido submetidos &#224; radioterapia e&#47;ou quimioterapia no &#250;ltimo ano&#59; e iv&#41; pacientes que tinham recebido tratamento periodontal e&#47;ou de psor&#237;ase nos &#250;ltimos seis meses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Medidas cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes foram avaliados pela mesma equipe de especialistas&#46; Os dados dermatol&#243;gicos foram coletados na consulta inicial por dermatologistas da equipe do hospital&#46; As vari&#225;veis confundidoras avaliadas inclu&#237;ram sexo e idade&#46; As vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas da psor&#237;ase inclu&#237;ram presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de psor&#237;ase&#44; tipo cl&#237;nico da psor&#237;ase e gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; definida pelo &#40;i&#41; &#205;ndice de &#193;rea e Gravidade da Psor&#237;ase &#40;PASI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Psoriasis Area and Severity Index</span>&#41;&#44; &#40;ii&#41; &#193;rea de Superf&#237;cie Corporal &#40;ASC&#41; e &#40;iii&#41; Avalia&#231;&#227;o Global pelo M&#233;dico &#40;PGA&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physician Global Assessment</span>&#41; e &#205;ndice de Qualidade de Vida em Dermatologia &#40;DLQI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatology Life Quality Index</span>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Avalia&#231;&#227;o e amostragem periodontais foram realizadas por um periodontista qualificado&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica periodontal incluiu mapeamento manual da doen&#231;a periodontal na boca inteira &#40;seis locais por dente&#44; excluindo terceiros molares&#41; e registro dos seguintes par&#226;metros&#58; profundidade de sondagem &#40;PS&#41;&#44; n&#237;vel cl&#237;nico de inser&#231;&#227;o &#40;NCI&#41;&#44; sangramento &#224; sondagem &#40;SS&#41; e perda de dentes&#46; Informa&#231;&#245;es adicionais sobre h&#225;bitos de higiene bucal e tabagismo foram coletadas&#46; A condi&#231;&#227;o periodontal foi definida de acordo com a defini&#231;&#227;o de caso cl&#237;nico de periodontite proposta pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &#40;EUA&#41;&#46; Periodontite grave foi definida como dois ou mais locais interproximais com NCI &#8805; 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;n&#227;o no mesmo dente&#41; e &#8805; um local interproximal com PS &#8805; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Periodontite moderada foi definida como dois ou mais locais interproximais com NCI &#8805; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;n&#227;o no mesmo dente&#41; e&#47;ou dois ou mais locais interproximais com PS &#8805; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Por fim&#44; casos sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve foram definidos como periodontite n&#227;o grave&#44; n&#227;o moderada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De um total de 93 indiv&#237;duos avaliados&#44; 82 atenderam aos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos foram divididos nos seguintes grupos&#58; H&#44; controles sistemicamente saud&#225;veis sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve&#59; P&#44; controles sistemicamente saud&#225;veis com periodontite moderada&#47;grave&#59; S&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve&#59; e SP&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada&#47;grave&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; do ponto de vista &#233;tico&#44; deve&#8208;se observar que todos os pacientes examinados neste estudo com diagn&#243;stico positivo para psor&#237;ase e&#47;ou periodontite foram encaminhados para tratamento adequado no Hospital San Jos&#233; e&#47;ou na cl&#237;nica odontol&#243;gica da Universidad Andr&#233;s Bello&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Coleta de fluido gengival crevicular &#40;FGC&#41;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As amostras foram obtidas de quatro locais independentes com base na PS&#44; local mais profundo por quadrante&#46; Antes da amostragem&#44; os locais foram isolados com rolos de algod&#227;o e ent&#227;o cuidadosamente secos com uma seringa de ar para evitar a contamina&#231;&#227;o com saliva&#46; O FGC foi coletado com tiras de papel absorvente padr&#227;o est&#233;reis &#40;Periopaper&#174;&#44; Interstate Drug Exchange&#44; Amityville&#44; NY&#44; EUA&#41; cuidadosamente inseridas no sulco ou bolsa gengival at&#233; que uma leve resist&#234;ncia fosse observada&#46; Ap&#243;s 30 segundos&#44; as tiras foram coletadas em tubos est&#233;reis e imediatamente transportadas para o laborat&#243;rio para armazenamento &#40;&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41; e posterior an&#225;lise&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">An&#225;lise do FGC</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma elui&#231;&#227;o de 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L&#47;tira foi preparada utilizando tamp&#227;o de elui&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;na em tubos est&#233;reis&#46; As amostras foram incubadas por 30 minutos a 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C e depois centrifugadas a 12&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g por 5 minutos a 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; O procedimento foi repetido duas vezes&#44; e as amostras foram congeladas e mantidas a<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C at&#233; a an&#225;lise&#46; Al&#237;quotas de todas as amostras de FGC foram utilizadas para quantifica&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;nas usando um ensaio multiplex &#40;Human Magnetic Luminex Assay&#174;&#44; R&#38;D Systems&#44; MN&#44; EUA&#41; para Il&#8208;17A&#44; Il&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 e um kit ELISA &#40;Human Protein S100&#8208;A7 Elisa Kit&#174;&#44; MyBioSource Inc&#44; San Diego&#44; CA&#44; EUA&#41; para S100A7&#44; de acordo com as instru&#231;&#245;es dos fabricantes&#46; Os dados do painel de an&#225;lise multiplex foram lidos em uma plataforma &#40;Magpix&#44; Millipore&#44; St&#46; Charles&#44; MO&#41; e posteriormente analisados em um software &#40;MILLIPLEX AnalystR software&#44; Viagene Tech&#44; Carlisle&#44; MA&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os testes de Shapiro&#8208;Wilk e de Levene foram utilizados para determinar a distribui&#231;&#227;o e a homocedasticidade dos dados&#44; respectivamente&#46; As an&#225;lises inferenciais foram realizadas com o teste exato de Fisher&#44; ANOVA e teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> de Duncan&#46; Uma an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia &#40;ANOVA&#41; univariada &#40;modelo III&#41; foi aplicada com a covari&#225;vel idade dos indiv&#237;duos examinados&#46; Os coeficientes de correla&#231;&#227;o foram obtidos utilizando a an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o de Spearman&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia foi definido em p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; O tamanho do efeito &#40;&#951;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#41; foi realizado&#44; como mostrado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada pelo software estat&#237;stico STATA 12&#174; &#40;StataCorp&#44; Collage Station&#44; TX&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; Ressalta&#8208;se que&#44; em decorr&#234;ncia do car&#225;ter explorat&#243;rio deste estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi realizado o c&#225;lculo amostral&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Resultados</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No total&#44; 82 indiv&#237;duos foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo&#58; 21 controles sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve &#40;H&#41;&#44; 18 controles com periodontite moderada&#47;grave &#40;P&#41;&#44; 11 indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve &#40;S&#41; e 32 indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada&#47;grave &#40;SP&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados demogr&#225;ficos&#44; h&#225;bitos e par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos de todos os indiv&#237;duos deste estudo est&#227;o resumidos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos em rela&#231;&#227;o a sexo&#44; tabagismo&#44; SS e h&#225;bitos de higiene oral&#44; PASI&#44; ASC&#44; PGA e DLQI&#46; A maior m&#233;dia de idade foi encontrada no grupo SP&#44; seguido pelos grupos P&#44; S e H em ordem decrescente&#46; Apenas o grupo SP apresentou diferen&#231;as significativas na m&#233;dia de idade com o grupo H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos periodontais&#44; a PS foi significativamente pior&#47;mais profunda no grupo SP em compara&#231;&#227;o com os grupos S&#44; P e H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O grupo P apresentou bolsas significativamente mais profundas do que o grupo H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O maior NCI foi observado no grupo SP em compara&#231;&#227;o aos grupos S&#44; P e H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A maior perda dent&#225;ria foi observada no grupo SP&#44; seguido pelos grupos S&#44; P e H em ordem decrescente&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos dados cl&#237;nicos dermatol&#243;gicos&#44; n&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao PASI&#44; ASC e PGA entre os grupos S e SP&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FGC s&#227;o apresentados na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as intergrupos em rela&#231;&#227;o aos n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FGC&#46; Os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FGC do grupo SP mostraram uma tend&#234;ncia a serem mais elevados em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo S&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A7 e S100A8 no FGC dos diferentes grupos s&#227;o apresentadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as significativas nos n&#237;veis de S100A7 no FGC dos diferentes grupos&#46; O grupo H apresentou os menores n&#237;veis de S100A8 em compara&#231;&#227;o aos grupos S e SP &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o grupo P apresentou n&#237;veis mais baixos de S100A8 em compara&#231;&#227;o aos grupos S e SP &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Entretanto&#44; a idade n&#227;o influenciou as concentra&#231;&#245;es de todas as interleucinas e da fam&#237;lia de prote&#237;nas S100 &#40;p &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A9 no FGC de todos os grupos excederam os limites superiores de detec&#231;&#227;o do kit ELISA&#59; portanto&#44; a quantifica&#231;&#227;o e a an&#225;lise exatas n&#227;o foram poss&#237;veis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os n&#237;veis de mediadores inflamat&#243;rios no FGC foram correlacionados com os par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos periodontais no grupo H e grupo P&#46; No grupo H&#44; os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A foram negativamente correlacionados com NCI &#40;&#8722;0&#44;499&#41;&#44; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No grupo P&#44; IL&#8208;22 correlacionou&#8208;se positivamente com PS &#40;0&#44;490&#41; e NCI &#40;0&#44;589&#41; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Nos grupos S e SP&#44; as correla&#231;&#245;es entre mediadores inflamat&#243;rios e par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos periodontais e dermatol&#243;gicos foram obtidas&#46; No grupo S&#44; a IL&#8208;23 foi negativamente correlacionada com PGA&#44; enquanto S100A8 foi positiva e fortemente correlacionada com PASI &#40;0&#44;878&#41;&#44; ASC &#40;0&#44;851&#41; e DLQI &#40;0&#44;622&#41; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No grupo SP&#44; as IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 foram negativamente correlacionados com ASC &#40;&#8722;0&#44;358 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;468&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#44; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Psor&#237;ase e periodontite compartilham mecanismos semelhantes de desregula&#231;&#227;o imunol&#243;gica caracterizada por uma resposta imune predominante do eixo Th17&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a> A via Th17 regula a express&#227;o das prote&#237;nas S100&#44; que podem participar da patog&#234;nese de ambas as doen&#231;as&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a> No presente estudo&#44; encontramos n&#237;veis elevados de S100A8 no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase em compara&#231;&#227;o com os n&#237;veis de controles sistemicamente saud&#225;veis&#44; independentemente de seu estado de sa&#250;de&#47;periodontal&#44; e uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre S100A8 e ASC&#44; PASI e DLQI no grupo com psor&#237;ase &#40;grupo S&#41;&#44; sugerindo que as concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A8 no FGC podem ser um biomarcador n&#227;o invasivo promissor para a presen&#231;a e a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Que seja de nosso conhecimento&#44; nenhum estudo anterior avaliou as concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A7 e S100A8 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos com ou sem periodontite&#46; Na periodontite isolada&#44; S100A7 e S100A8 foram detectadas no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com periodontite utilizando t&#233;cnicas de espectrometria de massa e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">western blotting</span>&#44; indicando que essas mol&#233;culas podem participar da resposta imune dos tecidos periodontais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; S100A7 e S100A8 podem estar envolvidas na reabsor&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea periodontal&#44; j&#225; que evid&#234;ncias mostram que a S100A8 induziu a reabsor&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea osteocl&#225;stica na artrite experimental e a S100A7 estimulou a diferencia&#231;&#227;o de osteoclastos em mon&#243;citos humanos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; Karna et al&#46; relataram e associaram n&#237;veis elevados de S100A8 salivar com periodontite em adultos coreanos&#44; sugerindo que as concentra&#231;&#245;es salivares de S100A8 podem ser um biomarcador prospectivo para periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Na psor&#237;ase&#44; foi relatado que S100A7 induz a diferencia&#231;&#227;o desregulada da epiderme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se que a S100A7 funcione como um agente quimiot&#225;tico derivado de ceratin&#243;citos para c&#233;lulas imunes&#59; como resultado&#44; a mol&#233;cula atrai fortemente linf&#243;citos CD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>e neutr&#243;filos sob estresse inflamat&#243;rio&#46; As mol&#233;culas de S100A8 e S100A9 s&#227;o inicialmente liberadas dos ceratin&#243;citos para iniciar&#47;estimular a invas&#227;o das c&#233;lulas imunes&#44; que &#233; posteriormente sustentada pela libera&#231;&#227;o posterior das mesmas mol&#233;culas dos neutr&#243;filos que invadem o epit&#233;lio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> A detec&#231;&#227;o de diferentes prote&#237;nas da fam&#237;lia S100 no soro foi proposta como um biomarcador prospectivo para psor&#237;ase&#44; uma vez que n&#237;veis aumentados de S100A7 e S100A8 foram detectados em amostras de sangue de pacientes psori&#225;sicos n&#227;o tratados em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foi relatado que a express&#227;o g&#234;nica de S100A7 e S100A8 em les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas &#233; significativamente maior do que em amostras de pele saud&#225;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nossos resultados mostram que a S100A8 est&#225; presente em concentra&#231;&#245;es mais elevadas no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase em compara&#231;&#227;o com controles saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#44; independentemente do estado de sa&#250;de&#47;periodontal&#46; No entanto&#44; as concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A7 entre os grupos n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;as&#46; Portanto&#44; em concord&#226;ncia com as evid&#234;ncias relatadas anteriormente&#44; nossos resultados sugerem que a S100A8 pode ser uma prote&#237;na&#8208;chave envolvida na patog&#234;nese da psor&#237;ase&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; acreditamos que a S100A8 pode refletir a presen&#231;a e a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#44; apresentando&#8208;se como um biomarcador promissor&#44; seguro e n&#227;o invasivo para o diagn&#243;stico precoce da doen&#231;a&#44; independentemente da sa&#250;de periodontal&#46; N&#237;veis aumentados de S100A8 nas amostras de FGC de indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase podem ser explicados pela dissemina&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica das mol&#233;culas de les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas ativas&#46; &#201; poss&#237;vel que as les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas ativas possam funcionar como s&#237;tios locais para a produ&#231;&#227;o maci&#231;a de S100A8&#44; que ent&#227;o entra na corrente sangu&#237;nea em decorr&#234;ncia do aumento da permeabilidade vascular e viaja at&#233; locais distantes&#44; como a gengiva&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; observamos que as concentra&#231;&#245;es gerais de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 apresentaram tend&#234;ncia a estarem elevadas em pacientes com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada&#47;grave &#40;grupo SP&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com psor&#237;ase sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve &#40;grupo S&#41;&#46; Esses achados podem ser atribu&#237;dos a um efeito local da periodontite&#46; De acordo com a literatura&#44; IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 est&#227;o associadas &#224; osteoclastog&#234;nese na periodontite&#59; entretanto&#44; suas concentra&#231;&#245;es nos fluidos orais de pacientes periodontais permanecem controversas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;33&#8211;35</span></a> Em um estudo&#44; os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A no soro&#44; saliva e FGC foram mais elevados em indiv&#237;duos com periodontite do que em controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Em contraste&#44; outro estudo relatou n&#237;veis mais altos de IL&#8208;17 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis do que em indiv&#237;duos com periodontite cr&#244;nica ou agressiva&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; IL&#8208;22&#44; um estudo anterior n&#227;o relatou diferen&#231;as nas concentra&#231;&#245;es salivares de IL&#8208;22 em indiv&#237;duos com periodontite cr&#244;nica em compara&#231;&#227;o a controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Entretanto&#44; um estudo adicional relatou n&#237;veis mais elevados de IL&#8208;22 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com periodontite em compara&#231;&#227;o com o FGC de indiv&#237;duos com gengivite e indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span> Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; IL&#8208;23&#44; um estudo relatou concentra&#231;&#245;es mais altas da mol&#233;cula no FGC de pacientes com periodontite cr&#244;nica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles saud&#225;veis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> enquanto R&#46; Sadeghi et al&#46; relataram concentra&#231;&#245;es mais altas de IL&#8208;23 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com periodontite cr&#244;nica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Nossa teoria &#233; que essas discrep&#226;ncias podem ser devidas &#224;s diferen&#231;as nos m&#233;todos utilizados para quantificar as concentra&#231;&#245;es das prote&#237;nas mencionadas&#44; bem como resultado da aus&#234;ncia de consenso em rela&#231;&#227;o a como definir os casos cl&#237;nicos de periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anteriormente&#44; foi relatada a detec&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17 no soro e na pele de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; embora n&#227;o no FGC&#46; As diferen&#231;as na concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17 em amostras de soro de pacientes com psor&#237;ase em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s de controles saud&#225;veis s&#227;o controversas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> Entretanto&#44; as bi&#243;psias de pele psori&#225;sica mostraram maior express&#227;o de IL&#8208;17A do que aquelas de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> As diferen&#231;as entre nossos resultados e os relatados na literatura podem ser decorrentes de diferentes momentos na hist&#243;ria da psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> N&#227;o h&#225; estudos anteriores relatando a presen&#231;a de IL&#8208;17 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase com ou sem periodontite&#59; entretanto&#44; n&#237;veis mais altos de IL&#8208;17A foram detectados no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com outras doen&#231;as autoimunes e periodontite&#46; Esse &#233; o caso de pacientes com artrite reumatoide e periodontite&#44; que apresentaram n&#237;veis mais elevados de IL&#8208;17A em compara&#231;&#227;o a indiv&#237;duos sistemicamente saud&#225;veis com doen&#231;a periodontal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; um estudo experimental em animais mostrou um aumento na produ&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17 pelas c&#233;lulas T dos linfonodos em camundongos artr&#237;ticos com periodontite em compara&#231;&#227;o com camundongos artr&#237;ticos sem periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> Outro estudo mostrou que a periodontite parece alterar os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17 em amostras de tecido gengival de ratos artr&#237;ticos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; psor&#237;ase&#44; foi relatado que IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para induzir les&#245;es semelhantes &#224; psor&#237;ase em modelos animais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;47</span></a> De modo an&#225;logo a nossos resultados&#44; alguns estudos n&#227;o relataram diferen&#231;as nos n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no soro de pacientes com psor&#237;ase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> aqueles de controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;49</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; apenas um estudo relatou concentra&#231;&#245;es aumentadas de IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no soro de pacientes com psor&#237;ase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> aqueles de controles saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Esses achados sugerem que a IL&#8208;22 e a IL&#8208;23 podem atuar preferencialmente a n&#237;vel local na psor&#237;ase&#46; Todos esses antecedentes apoiam o papel potencial da periodontite na tend&#234;ncia a n&#237;veis elevados de IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no grupo SP em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo S mostrado em nosso estudo&#46; Os casos sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve nos grupos H e S podem ter parcialmente mascarado as diferen&#231;as l&#237;quidas entre controles saud&#225;veis sem periodontite e pacientes com periodontite neste estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s correla&#231;&#245;es entre os mediadores inflamat&#243;rios de FGC e doen&#231;a periodontal&#44; verificamos que o grupo H apresentou correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A e NCI&#44; enquanto o grupo P apresentou uma correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre IL&#8208;22 e PS e NCI&#46; Nossos achados indicam que esses mediadores inflamat&#243;rios participam da patog&#234;nese da doen&#231;a periodontal&#44; o que foi sugerido anteriormente na literatura&#44; uma vez que ambas as IL foram associadas &#224; osteoclastog&#234;nese na doen&#231;a periodontal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;35</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora a via IL&#8208;23&#47;Th17 fa&#231;a parte da inflama&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea na psor&#237;ase&#44; detectamos uma correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre IL&#8208;23 e PGA no grupo S&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; tamb&#233;m detectamos uma correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no grupo SP&#46; Esse resultado pode ser explicado pelo fen&#243;tipo divergente na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Que seja de nosso conhecimento&#44; este estudo &#233; o primeiro a relatar que os n&#237;veis de S100A8 no FGC se correlacionam positivamente com ASC&#44; PASI e DLQI em indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase&#44; sugerindo que S100A8 no FGC pode servir como um potencial biomarcador de presen&#231;a e gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; Isso pode ser justificado pela alta express&#227;o de S100A8 na epiderme da pele psori&#225;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo piloto apresenta um pequeno tamanho amostral&#44; que reconhecemos ser uma limita&#231;&#227;o&#46; No entanto&#44; o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos inclu&#237;dos tornou poss&#237;vel a identifica&#231;&#227;o de altera&#231;&#245;es no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com e sem psor&#237;ase&#46; Portanto&#44; mais estudos s&#227;o essenciais para elucidar a rela&#231;&#227;o potencial entre periodontite e psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conclu&#237;mos que a concentra&#231;&#227;o de S100A8 foi mais alta no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; independentemente de seu estado de sa&#250;de&#47;periodontal&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a S100A8 no FGC foi associada &#224; gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de IL e S100A7 foram semelhantes no FGC de pacientes psori&#225;sicos com ou sem periodontite&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o a controles saud&#225;veis&#46; Portanto&#44; as mol&#233;culas imunes avaliadas no FGC no presente estudo n&#227;o parecem refletir uma rela&#231;&#227;o entre a periodontite e a psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta pesquisa recebeu apoio financeiro por meio de uma concess&#227;o da Direcci&#243;n General de Investigaci&#243;n de la Universidad Andr&#233;s Bello &#40;DGI&#8208;UNAB&#41;&#44; n&#250;mero DI&#8208;36&#8208;18&#47;CBC e Fondecyt 1160741&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Constanza Jim&#233;nez&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Daniela Carvajal&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcela Hern&#225;ndez&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fernando Valenzuela&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jessica Astorga&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alejandra Fern&#225;ndez&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Suporte financeiro"
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          "titulo" => "Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2019-12-19"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-08-04"
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            1 => "Doen&#231;as periodontais"
            2 => "Prote&#237;nas S100"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Psor&#237;ase e periodontite s&#227;o doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias cr&#244;nicas mediadas imunologicamente&#46; Evid&#234;ncias epidemiol&#243;gicas estabeleceram uma rela&#231;&#227;o entre ambas as doen&#231;as&#59; entretanto&#44; a altera&#231;&#227;o de marcadores no fluido crevicular gengival tem sido pouco avaliada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A7&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 no fluido crevicular gengival de indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos e saud&#225;veis com e sem periodontite e suas rela&#231;&#245;es com a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#46; A amostra foi composta pelos seguintes grupos&#58; controles saud&#225;veis sem periodontite ou com doen&#231;a leve &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#41;&#44; controles saud&#225;veis com periodontite moderada ou grave &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#41;&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase sem periodontite ou com doen&#231;a leve &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada ou grave &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 foram determinados por ensaio multiplex&#44; e S100A7 foi medida por ELISA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as entre os grupos em rela&#231;&#227;o aos n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23 e S100A7&#46; Os n&#237;veis de S100A8 foram maiores em pacientes com psor&#237;ase em rela&#231;&#227;o aos controles &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A prote&#237;na S100A8 foi positivamente correlacionada com a gravidade da psor&#237;ase no grupo com psor&#237;ase &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A S100A9 excedeu os limites de detec&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo piloto apresenta um pequeno tamanho de amostra&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A concentra&#231;&#227;o de S100A8 foi mais alta em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; independentemente da sa&#250;de&#47;estado periodontal&#46; A S100A8 foi associada &#224; gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de interleucinas e S100A7 foram semelhantes em pacientes psori&#225;sicos com ou sem periodontite <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles saud&#225;veis&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Como citar este artigo&#58; Jim&#233;nez C&#44; Carvajal D&#44; Hern&#225;ndez M&#44; Valenzuela F&#44; Astorga J&#44; Fern&#225;ndez A&#46; Levels of the interleukins 17A&#44; 22&#44; and 23 and the S100 protein family in the gingival crevicular fluid of psoriatic patients with or without periodontitis&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2021&#59;96&#58;163&#8211;70&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Trabalho realizado na Universidad Andr&#233;s Bello e Universidad de Chile&#44; Hospital San Jos&#233;&#44; Santiago&#44; Chile&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FCG dos indiv&#237;duos do estudo&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span>&#44; controle saud&#225;vel&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#44; indiv&#237;duos com periodontite n&#227;o tratada&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase n&#227;o tratada&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SP</span>&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase n&#227;o tratada e periodontite n&#227;o tratada&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Concentra&#231;&#227;o de S100A7 e S100A8 no FGC dos indiv&#237;duos do estudo&#46; As barras e o asterisco representam p&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;26 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;295&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;54 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;218&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;68 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;565&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;57 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;635&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">H&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Idade &#40;anos&#44; m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#44;52 &#40;10&#44;64&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#44;95 &#40;12&#44;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;16 &#40;16&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;20 &#40;11&#44;43&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;0001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&#58; masculino&#8208;feminino &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#8208;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#8208;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#8208;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#8208;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;342&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fumantes &#40;n&#44; &#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;28&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;53&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;235&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PS &#40;mm&#44; m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;86 &#40;0&#44;24&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;24 &#40;0&#44;42&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;99 &#40;0&#44;5&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;53 &#40;0&#44;43&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;0001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NCI &#40;mm&#44; m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;33 &#40;0&#44;44&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;70 &#40;0&#44;64&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;56 &#40;0&#44;95&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;75 &#40;1&#44;26&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;0001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SS &#40;&#37;&#44;m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;36 &#40;21&#44;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;80 &#40;12&#44;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;16 &#40;9&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;60 &#40;14&#44;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;240&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#250;mero de dentes &#40;n&#44; m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;24 &#40;3&#44;62&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#40;2&#44;54&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;8&#40;4&#44;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#44;67 &#40;4&#44;84&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;003</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Frequ&#234;ncia de escova&#231;&#227;o dent&#225;ria &#40;n por dia&#44; m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;56 &#40;0&#44;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;86 &#40;0&#44;88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;09&#40;0&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;24 &#40;1&#44;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PASI&#44; m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;7 &#40;7&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;35 &#40;6&#44;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;153&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ASC&#44; m&#233;dia &#40;DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;20 &#40;13&#44;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#44;08 &#40;15&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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Artigo original
Níveis das interleucinas 17A, 22 e 23 e da família de proteínas S100 no fluido gengival crevicular de pacientes psoriásicos com ou sem periodontite
Constanza Jiméneza, Daniela Carvajalb, Marcela Hernándezc,d, Fernando Valenzuelab, Jessica Astorgac, Alejandra Fernándeza,c,
Autor para correspondência
alejandra.fernandez@unab.cl

Autor para correspondência.
a Departamento de Patologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
b Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
c Laboratório de Biologia Periodontal, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
d Departamento de Patologia Oral e Medicina, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FCG dos indiv&#237;duos do estudo&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span>&#44; controle saud&#225;vel&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#44; indiv&#237;duos com periodontite n&#227;o tratada&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase n&#227;o tratada&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SP</span>&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase n&#227;o tratada e periodontite n&#227;o tratada&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A psor&#237;ase &#233; uma dermatose inflamat&#243;ria cr&#244;nica mediada imunologicamente e uma doen&#231;a autoimune recorrente que ocorre em indiv&#237;duos geneticamente suscet&#237;veis&#46; A psor&#237;ase &#233; uma doen&#231;a comum&#44; e sua preval&#234;ncia &#233; de cerca de 2&#37; na Europa e na Am&#233;rica do Norte&#46; As principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas da pele incluem prurido&#44; sensa&#231;&#227;o de queima&#231;&#227;o e dor&#44; acompanhadas pelo desenvolvimento de placas escamosas e eritematosas bem definidas&#44; resultantes de prolifera&#231;&#227;o e diferencia&#231;&#227;o anormais de ceratin&#243;citos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A patog&#234;nese da psor&#237;ase permanece incerta&#59; entretanto&#44; as intera&#231;&#245;es entre os ceratin&#243;citos e as c&#233;lulas T residentes da pele na via da interleucina &#40;IL&#41; 23&#47;Th17 parecem participar no in&#237;cio e na progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> As evid&#234;ncias que sustentam essa hip&#243;tese incluem o isolamento de mRNA de IL&#8208;23 e IL&#8208;17 de les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas e o relato de concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas aumentadas de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 em pacientes com psor&#237;ase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; aten&#231;&#227;o especial tem sido dada ao papel prospectivo das prote&#237;nas S100 no desenvolvimento da psor&#237;ase&#46; A fam&#237;lia de prote&#237;nas S100 &#233; composta por prote&#237;nas ligantes de c&#225;lcio&#44; nas quais a psoriasina &#40;S100A7&#41; e a calgranulina A &#40;S100A8&#41; s&#227;o reguladas pela IL&#8208;17&#44; amplificando a resposta inflamat&#243;ria&#46; Foi relatado que S100A7&#44; S100A8 e calgranulina B &#40;S100A9&#41; apresentam express&#227;o em les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas&#44; revelando que essas prote&#237;nas S100 podem desempenhar um papel importante na prolifera&#231;&#227;o e diferencia&#231;&#227;o desreguladas de ceratin&#243;citos na pele de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; foi apontado que as prote&#237;nas S100 atuam como fatores quimiot&#225;ticos para c&#233;lulas imunes&#44; induzindo um ambiente pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rio no qual o in&#237;cio e a recorr&#234;ncia da psor&#237;ase podem ocorrer facilmente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos associaram a psor&#237;ase &#224; periodontite&#44; sugerindo uma imunopatog&#234;nese comum subjacente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Embora os estudos sobre o assunto sejam escassos&#44; os resultados s&#227;o particularmente interessantes&#44; uma vez que uma rela&#231;&#227;o potencialmente bidirecional entre as duas doen&#231;as foi sugerida&#46; Nesses estudos&#44; os pacientes com psor&#237;ase n&#227;o apenas apresentaram uma frequ&#234;ncia maior de periodontite e piores par&#226;metros periodontais&#44; mas tamb&#233;m um risco mais elevado de desenvolver periodontite em compara&#231;&#227;o com controles saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; uma potencial rela&#231;&#227;o de dose&#8208;resposta entre a psor&#237;ase e a periodontite foi relatada por Egeberg et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> pois a frequ&#234;ncia da periodontite aumentou quando a gravidade da psor&#237;ase aumentou&#46; Por outro lado&#44; algumas evid&#234;ncias indicam que pacientes com doen&#231;a periodontal podem ter frequ&#234;ncia e risco aumentados de psor&#237;ase&#59; entretanto&#44; mais evid&#234;ncias ainda s&#227;o necess&#225;rias&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De maneira similar &#224; psor&#237;ase&#44; a patog&#234;nese da periodontite inclui um envolvimento especial da via IL&#8208;23&#47;Th17&#46; A express&#227;o de IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 foi avaliada no fluido gengival crevicular &#40;FGC&#41; de pacientes com periodontite cr&#244;nica&#44; e essas citocinas t&#234;m sido associadas &#224; patog&#234;nese e gravidade da doen&#231;a e reabsor&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea alveolar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;17</span></a> Na periodontite&#44; estudos detectaram um heterocomplexo S100A8&#47;S100A9 no FGC&#44; saliva e soro de pacientes com periodontite&#44; enquanto um estudo recente associou a periodontite a n&#237;veis elevados de S100A8 salivar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At&#233; o momento&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; evid&#234;ncias para avaliar a express&#227;o de citocinas relacionadas a IL&#8208;23&#47;Th17 e prote&#237;nas da fam&#237;lia S100 no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46; Devido ao fato de o FGC abranger biomarcadores de diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;as orais e sist&#234;micas&#44; bem como expor com precis&#227;o os constituintes do soro e as rea&#231;&#245;es celulares do periodonto&#44; hipotetizamos que os n&#237;veis de citocinas envolvidas na regula&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas T e mol&#233;culas da fam&#237;lia de prote&#237;nas S100 no FGC mostrariam diferen&#231;as relevantes em indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos e saud&#225;veis com ou sem periodontite&#44; refletindo a rela&#231;&#227;o entre psor&#237;ase e periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Assim&#44; o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A7&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos e saud&#225;veis com e sem periodontite e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo transversal foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de bio&#233;tica do North Metropolitan Health Service&#44; Santiago&#44; Chile &#40;N52&#47;2017&#41;&#46; Todos os participantes forneceram consentimento informado por escrito antes da inclus&#227;o no estudo&#44; de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Indiv&#237;duos encaminhados para diagn&#243;stico presumido de psor&#237;ase na Unidade de Dermatologia do San Jos&#233; Hospital &#40;Santiago&#44; Chile&#41; foram inclu&#237;dos ao longo de um per&#237;odo de 10 meses &#40;2018&#41;&#46; Indiv&#237;duos sem psor&#237;ase foram selecionados simultaneamente entre pacientes volunt&#225;rios atendidos na cl&#237;nica odontol&#243;gica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidad Andr&#233;s Bello &#40;Santiago&#44; Chile&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade globais inclu&#237;ram&#58; i&#41; pacientes adultos &#40;&#8805; 18 anos&#41; com ii&#41; onze ou mais dentes &#40;excluindo terceiros molares&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram assim definidos&#58; i&#41; indiv&#237;duos com quaisquer doen&#231;as&#47;condi&#231;&#245;es sist&#234;micas conhecidas al&#233;m da psor&#237;ase &#40;especialmente aquelas envolvendo desregula&#231;&#227;o inflamat&#243;ria&#47;imunol&#243;gica&#44; como diabetes&#44; l&#250;pus sist&#234;mico e artrite&#47;osteoartrite&#44; entre outras&#41;&#59; ii&#41; pacientes que tinham recebido antibi&#243;ticos&#44; medicamentos anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;rios n&#227;o esteroides e&#47;ou terapia imunomoduladora nos &#250;ltimos tr&#234;s meses&#59; iii&#41; pacientes que tinham sido submetidos &#224; radioterapia e&#47;ou quimioterapia no &#250;ltimo ano&#59; e iv&#41; pacientes que tinham recebido tratamento periodontal e&#47;ou de psor&#237;ase nos &#250;ltimos seis meses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Medidas cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes foram avaliados pela mesma equipe de especialistas&#46; Os dados dermatol&#243;gicos foram coletados na consulta inicial por dermatologistas da equipe do hospital&#46; As vari&#225;veis confundidoras avaliadas inclu&#237;ram sexo e idade&#46; As vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas da psor&#237;ase inclu&#237;ram presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de psor&#237;ase&#44; tipo cl&#237;nico da psor&#237;ase e gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; definida pelo &#40;i&#41; &#205;ndice de &#193;rea e Gravidade da Psor&#237;ase &#40;PASI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Psoriasis Area and Severity Index</span>&#41;&#44; &#40;ii&#41; &#193;rea de Superf&#237;cie Corporal &#40;ASC&#41; e &#40;iii&#41; Avalia&#231;&#227;o Global pelo M&#233;dico &#40;PGA&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physician Global Assessment</span>&#41; e &#205;ndice de Qualidade de Vida em Dermatologia &#40;DLQI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatology Life Quality Index</span>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Avalia&#231;&#227;o e amostragem periodontais foram realizadas por um periodontista qualificado&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica periodontal incluiu mapeamento manual da doen&#231;a periodontal na boca inteira &#40;seis locais por dente&#44; excluindo terceiros molares&#41; e registro dos seguintes par&#226;metros&#58; profundidade de sondagem &#40;PS&#41;&#44; n&#237;vel cl&#237;nico de inser&#231;&#227;o &#40;NCI&#41;&#44; sangramento &#224; sondagem &#40;SS&#41; e perda de dentes&#46; Informa&#231;&#245;es adicionais sobre h&#225;bitos de higiene bucal e tabagismo foram coletadas&#46; A condi&#231;&#227;o periodontal foi definida de acordo com a defini&#231;&#227;o de caso cl&#237;nico de periodontite proposta pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &#40;EUA&#41;&#46; Periodontite grave foi definida como dois ou mais locais interproximais com NCI &#8805; 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;n&#227;o no mesmo dente&#41; e &#8805; um local interproximal com PS &#8805; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Periodontite moderada foi definida como dois ou mais locais interproximais com NCI &#8805; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;n&#227;o no mesmo dente&#41; e&#47;ou dois ou mais locais interproximais com PS &#8805; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; Por fim&#44; casos sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve foram definidos como periodontite n&#227;o grave&#44; n&#227;o moderada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De um total de 93 indiv&#237;duos avaliados&#44; 82 atenderam aos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o&#46; Os indiv&#237;duos foram divididos nos seguintes grupos&#58; H&#44; controles sistemicamente saud&#225;veis sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve&#59; P&#44; controles sistemicamente saud&#225;veis com periodontite moderada&#47;grave&#59; S&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve&#59; e SP&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada&#47;grave&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por fim&#44; do ponto de vista &#233;tico&#44; deve&#8208;se observar que todos os pacientes examinados neste estudo com diagn&#243;stico positivo para psor&#237;ase e&#47;ou periodontite foram encaminhados para tratamento adequado no Hospital San Jos&#233; e&#47;ou na cl&#237;nica odontol&#243;gica da Universidad Andr&#233;s Bello&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Coleta de fluido gengival crevicular &#40;FGC&#41;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As amostras foram obtidas de quatro locais independentes com base na PS&#44; local mais profundo por quadrante&#46; Antes da amostragem&#44; os locais foram isolados com rolos de algod&#227;o e ent&#227;o cuidadosamente secos com uma seringa de ar para evitar a contamina&#231;&#227;o com saliva&#46; O FGC foi coletado com tiras de papel absorvente padr&#227;o est&#233;reis &#40;Periopaper&#174;&#44; Interstate Drug Exchange&#44; Amityville&#44; NY&#44; EUA&#41; cuidadosamente inseridas no sulco ou bolsa gengival at&#233; que uma leve resist&#234;ncia fosse observada&#46; Ap&#243;s 30 segundos&#44; as tiras foram coletadas em tubos est&#233;reis e imediatamente transportadas para o laborat&#243;rio para armazenamento &#40;&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41; e posterior an&#225;lise&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">An&#225;lise do FGC</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma elui&#231;&#227;o de 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L&#47;tira foi preparada utilizando tamp&#227;o de elui&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;na em tubos est&#233;reis&#46; As amostras foram incubadas por 30 minutos a 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C e depois centrifugadas a 12&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g por 5 minutos a 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; O procedimento foi repetido duas vezes&#44; e as amostras foram congeladas e mantidas a<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C at&#233; a an&#225;lise&#46; Al&#237;quotas de todas as amostras de FGC foram utilizadas para quantifica&#231;&#227;o de prote&#237;nas usando um ensaio multiplex &#40;Human Magnetic Luminex Assay&#174;&#44; R&#38;D Systems&#44; MN&#44; EUA&#41; para Il&#8208;17A&#44; Il&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 e um kit ELISA &#40;Human Protein S100&#8208;A7 Elisa Kit&#174;&#44; MyBioSource Inc&#44; San Diego&#44; CA&#44; EUA&#41; para S100A7&#44; de acordo com as instru&#231;&#245;es dos fabricantes&#46; Os dados do painel de an&#225;lise multiplex foram lidos em uma plataforma &#40;Magpix&#44; Millipore&#44; St&#46; Charles&#44; MO&#41; e posteriormente analisados em um software &#40;MILLIPLEX AnalystR software&#44; Viagene Tech&#44; Carlisle&#44; MA&#44; EUA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os testes de Shapiro&#8208;Wilk e de Levene foram utilizados para determinar a distribui&#231;&#227;o e a homocedasticidade dos dados&#44; respectivamente&#46; As an&#225;lises inferenciais foram realizadas com o teste exato de Fisher&#44; ANOVA e teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> de Duncan&#46; Uma an&#225;lise de vari&#226;ncia &#40;ANOVA&#41; univariada &#40;modelo III&#41; foi aplicada com a covari&#225;vel idade dos indiv&#237;duos examinados&#46; Os coeficientes de correla&#231;&#227;o foram obtidos utilizando a an&#225;lise de correla&#231;&#227;o de Spearman&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia foi definido em p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; O tamanho do efeito &#40;&#951;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#41; foi realizado&#44; como mostrado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada pelo software estat&#237;stico STATA 12&#174; &#40;StataCorp&#44; Collage Station&#44; TX&#44; EUA&#41;&#46; Ressalta&#8208;se que&#44; em decorr&#234;ncia do car&#225;ter explorat&#243;rio deste estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi realizado o c&#225;lculo amostral&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Resultados</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No total&#44; 82 indiv&#237;duos foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo&#58; 21 controles sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve &#40;H&#41;&#44; 18 controles com periodontite moderada&#47;grave &#40;P&#41;&#44; 11 indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve &#40;S&#41; e 32 indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada&#47;grave &#40;SP&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados demogr&#225;ficos&#44; h&#225;bitos e par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos de todos os indiv&#237;duos deste estudo est&#227;o resumidos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos em rela&#231;&#227;o a sexo&#44; tabagismo&#44; SS e h&#225;bitos de higiene oral&#44; PASI&#44; ASC&#44; PGA e DLQI&#46; A maior m&#233;dia de idade foi encontrada no grupo SP&#44; seguido pelos grupos P&#44; S e H em ordem decrescente&#46; Apenas o grupo SP apresentou diferen&#231;as significativas na m&#233;dia de idade com o grupo H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos periodontais&#44; a PS foi significativamente pior&#47;mais profunda no grupo SP em compara&#231;&#227;o com os grupos S&#44; P e H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O grupo P apresentou bolsas significativamente mais profundas do que o grupo H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; O maior NCI foi observado no grupo SP em compara&#231;&#227;o aos grupos S&#44; P e H &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A maior perda dent&#225;ria foi observada no grupo SP&#44; seguido pelos grupos S&#44; P e H em ordem decrescente&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos dados cl&#237;nicos dermatol&#243;gicos&#44; n&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao PASI&#44; ASC e PGA entre os grupos S e SP&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FGC s&#227;o apresentados na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as intergrupos em rela&#231;&#227;o aos n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FGC&#46; Os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no FGC do grupo SP mostraram uma tend&#234;ncia a serem mais elevados em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo S&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A7 e S100A8 no FGC dos diferentes grupos s&#227;o apresentadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#46; N&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as significativas nos n&#237;veis de S100A7 no FGC dos diferentes grupos&#46; O grupo H apresentou os menores n&#237;veis de S100A8 em compara&#231;&#227;o aos grupos S e SP &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o grupo P apresentou n&#237;veis mais baixos de S100A8 em compara&#231;&#227;o aos grupos S e SP &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Entretanto&#44; a idade n&#227;o influenciou as concentra&#231;&#245;es de todas as interleucinas e da fam&#237;lia de prote&#237;nas S100 &#40;p &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A9 no FGC de todos os grupos excederam os limites superiores de detec&#231;&#227;o do kit ELISA&#59; portanto&#44; a quantifica&#231;&#227;o e a an&#225;lise exatas n&#227;o foram poss&#237;veis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os n&#237;veis de mediadores inflamat&#243;rios no FGC foram correlacionados com os par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos periodontais no grupo H e grupo P&#46; No grupo H&#44; os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A foram negativamente correlacionados com NCI &#40;&#8722;0&#44;499&#41;&#44; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No grupo P&#44; IL&#8208;22 correlacionou&#8208;se positivamente com PS &#40;0&#44;490&#41; e NCI &#40;0&#44;589&#41; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Nos grupos S e SP&#44; as correla&#231;&#245;es entre mediadores inflamat&#243;rios e par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos periodontais e dermatol&#243;gicos foram obtidas&#46; No grupo S&#44; a IL&#8208;23 foi negativamente correlacionada com PGA&#44; enquanto S100A8 foi positiva e fortemente correlacionada com PASI &#40;0&#44;878&#41;&#44; ASC &#40;0&#44;851&#41; e DLQI &#40;0&#44;622&#41; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No grupo SP&#44; as IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 foram negativamente correlacionados com ASC &#40;&#8722;0&#44;358 e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;468&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#44; &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Psor&#237;ase e periodontite compartilham mecanismos semelhantes de desregula&#231;&#227;o imunol&#243;gica caracterizada por uma resposta imune predominante do eixo Th17&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a> A via Th17 regula a express&#227;o das prote&#237;nas S100&#44; que podem participar da patog&#234;nese de ambas as doen&#231;as&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a> No presente estudo&#44; encontramos n&#237;veis elevados de S100A8 no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase em compara&#231;&#227;o com os n&#237;veis de controles sistemicamente saud&#225;veis&#44; independentemente de seu estado de sa&#250;de&#47;periodontal&#44; e uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre S100A8 e ASC&#44; PASI e DLQI no grupo com psor&#237;ase &#40;grupo S&#41;&#44; sugerindo que as concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A8 no FGC podem ser um biomarcador n&#227;o invasivo promissor para a presen&#231;a e a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Que seja de nosso conhecimento&#44; nenhum estudo anterior avaliou as concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A7 e S100A8 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos com ou sem periodontite&#46; Na periodontite isolada&#44; S100A7 e S100A8 foram detectadas no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com periodontite utilizando t&#233;cnicas de espectrometria de massa e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">western blotting</span>&#44; indicando que essas mol&#233;culas podem participar da resposta imune dos tecidos periodontais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; S100A7 e S100A8 podem estar envolvidas na reabsor&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea periodontal&#44; j&#225; que evid&#234;ncias mostram que a S100A8 induziu a reabsor&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea osteocl&#225;stica na artrite experimental e a S100A7 estimulou a diferencia&#231;&#227;o de osteoclastos em mon&#243;citos humanos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; Karna et al&#46; relataram e associaram n&#237;veis elevados de S100A8 salivar com periodontite em adultos coreanos&#44; sugerindo que as concentra&#231;&#245;es salivares de S100A8 podem ser um biomarcador prospectivo para periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Na psor&#237;ase&#44; foi relatado que S100A7 induz a diferencia&#231;&#227;o desregulada da epiderme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se que a S100A7 funcione como um agente quimiot&#225;tico derivado de ceratin&#243;citos para c&#233;lulas imunes&#59; como resultado&#44; a mol&#233;cula atrai fortemente linf&#243;citos CD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>e neutr&#243;filos sob estresse inflamat&#243;rio&#46; As mol&#233;culas de S100A8 e S100A9 s&#227;o inicialmente liberadas dos ceratin&#243;citos para iniciar&#47;estimular a invas&#227;o das c&#233;lulas imunes&#44; que &#233; posteriormente sustentada pela libera&#231;&#227;o posterior das mesmas mol&#233;culas dos neutr&#243;filos que invadem o epit&#233;lio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> A detec&#231;&#227;o de diferentes prote&#237;nas da fam&#237;lia S100 no soro foi proposta como um biomarcador prospectivo para psor&#237;ase&#44; uma vez que n&#237;veis aumentados de S100A7 e S100A8 foram detectados em amostras de sangue de pacientes psori&#225;sicos n&#227;o tratados em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foi relatado que a express&#227;o g&#234;nica de S100A7 e S100A8 em les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas &#233; significativamente maior do que em amostras de pele saud&#225;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nossos resultados mostram que a S100A8 est&#225; presente em concentra&#231;&#245;es mais elevadas no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase em compara&#231;&#227;o com controles saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#44; independentemente do estado de sa&#250;de&#47;periodontal&#46; No entanto&#44; as concentra&#231;&#245;es de S100A7 entre os grupos n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;as&#46; Portanto&#44; em concord&#226;ncia com as evid&#234;ncias relatadas anteriormente&#44; nossos resultados sugerem que a S100A8 pode ser uma prote&#237;na&#8208;chave envolvida na patog&#234;nese da psor&#237;ase&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; acreditamos que a S100A8 pode refletir a presen&#231;a e a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#44; apresentando&#8208;se como um biomarcador promissor&#44; seguro e n&#227;o invasivo para o diagn&#243;stico precoce da doen&#231;a&#44; independentemente da sa&#250;de periodontal&#46; N&#237;veis aumentados de S100A8 nas amostras de FGC de indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase podem ser explicados pela dissemina&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica das mol&#233;culas de les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas ativas&#46; &#201; poss&#237;vel que as les&#245;es cut&#226;neas psori&#225;sicas ativas possam funcionar como s&#237;tios locais para a produ&#231;&#227;o maci&#231;a de S100A8&#44; que ent&#227;o entra na corrente sangu&#237;nea em decorr&#234;ncia do aumento da permeabilidade vascular e viaja at&#233; locais distantes&#44; como a gengiva&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em nosso estudo&#44; observamos que as concentra&#231;&#245;es gerais de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 apresentaram tend&#234;ncia a estarem elevadas em pacientes com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada&#47;grave &#40;grupo SP&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com psor&#237;ase sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve &#40;grupo S&#41;&#46; Esses achados podem ser atribu&#237;dos a um efeito local da periodontite&#46; De acordo com a literatura&#44; IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 est&#227;o associadas &#224; osteoclastog&#234;nese na periodontite&#59; entretanto&#44; suas concentra&#231;&#245;es nos fluidos orais de pacientes periodontais permanecem controversas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;33&#8211;35</span></a> Em um estudo&#44; os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A no soro&#44; saliva e FGC foram mais elevados em indiv&#237;duos com periodontite do que em controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Em contraste&#44; outro estudo relatou n&#237;veis mais altos de IL&#8208;17 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis do que em indiv&#237;duos com periodontite cr&#244;nica ou agressiva&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; IL&#8208;22&#44; um estudo anterior n&#227;o relatou diferen&#231;as nas concentra&#231;&#245;es salivares de IL&#8208;22 em indiv&#237;duos com periodontite cr&#244;nica em compara&#231;&#227;o a controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Entretanto&#44; um estudo adicional relatou n&#237;veis mais elevados de IL&#8208;22 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com periodontite em compara&#231;&#227;o com o FGC de indiv&#237;duos com gengivite e indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span> Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; IL&#8208;23&#44; um estudo relatou concentra&#231;&#245;es mais altas da mol&#233;cula no FGC de pacientes com periodontite cr&#244;nica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles saud&#225;veis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> enquanto R&#46; Sadeghi et al&#46; relataram concentra&#231;&#245;es mais altas de IL&#8208;23 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes com periodontite cr&#244;nica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Nossa teoria &#233; que essas discrep&#226;ncias podem ser devidas &#224;s diferen&#231;as nos m&#233;todos utilizados para quantificar as concentra&#231;&#245;es das prote&#237;nas mencionadas&#44; bem como resultado da aus&#234;ncia de consenso em rela&#231;&#227;o a como definir os casos cl&#237;nicos de periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anteriormente&#44; foi relatada a detec&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17 no soro e na pele de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; embora n&#227;o no FGC&#46; As diferen&#231;as na concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17 em amostras de soro de pacientes com psor&#237;ase em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s de controles saud&#225;veis s&#227;o controversas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;40&#44;41</span></a> Entretanto&#44; as bi&#243;psias de pele psori&#225;sica mostraram maior express&#227;o de IL&#8208;17A do que aquelas de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> As diferen&#231;as entre nossos resultados e os relatados na literatura podem ser decorrentes de diferentes momentos na hist&#243;ria da psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> N&#227;o h&#225; estudos anteriores relatando a presen&#231;a de IL&#8208;17 no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase com ou sem periodontite&#59; entretanto&#44; n&#237;veis mais altos de IL&#8208;17A foram detectados no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com outras doen&#231;as autoimunes e periodontite&#46; Esse &#233; o caso de pacientes com artrite reumatoide e periodontite&#44; que apresentaram n&#237;veis mais elevados de IL&#8208;17A em compara&#231;&#227;o a indiv&#237;duos sistemicamente saud&#225;veis com doen&#231;a periodontal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; um estudo experimental em animais mostrou um aumento na produ&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17 pelas c&#233;lulas T dos linfonodos em camundongos artr&#237;ticos com periodontite em compara&#231;&#227;o com camundongos artr&#237;ticos sem periodontite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> Outro estudo mostrou que a periodontite parece alterar os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17 em amostras de tecido gengival de ratos artr&#237;ticos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; psor&#237;ase&#44; foi relatado que IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para induzir les&#245;es semelhantes &#224; psor&#237;ase em modelos animais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;47</span></a> De modo an&#225;logo a nossos resultados&#44; alguns estudos n&#227;o relataram diferen&#231;as nos n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no soro de pacientes com psor&#237;ase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> aqueles de controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;49</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; apenas um estudo relatou concentra&#231;&#245;es aumentadas de IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no soro de pacientes com psor&#237;ase <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> aqueles de controles saud&#225;veis n&#227;o psori&#225;sicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Esses achados sugerem que a IL&#8208;22 e a IL&#8208;23 podem atuar preferencialmente a n&#237;vel local na psor&#237;ase&#46; Todos esses antecedentes apoiam o papel potencial da periodontite na tend&#234;ncia a n&#237;veis elevados de IL&#8208;17&#44; IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no grupo SP em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo S mostrado em nosso estudo&#46; Os casos sem periodontite&#47;com periodontite leve nos grupos H e S podem ter parcialmente mascarado as diferen&#231;as l&#237;quidas entre controles saud&#225;veis sem periodontite e pacientes com periodontite neste estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s correla&#231;&#245;es entre os mediadores inflamat&#243;rios de FGC e doen&#231;a periodontal&#44; verificamos que o grupo H apresentou correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A e NCI&#44; enquanto o grupo P apresentou uma correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre IL&#8208;22 e PS e NCI&#46; Nossos achados indicam que esses mediadores inflamat&#243;rios participam da patog&#234;nese da doen&#231;a periodontal&#44; o que foi sugerido anteriormente na literatura&#44; uma vez que ambas as IL foram associadas &#224; osteoclastog&#234;nese na doen&#231;a periodontal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;35</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora a via IL&#8208;23&#47;Th17 fa&#231;a parte da inflama&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea na psor&#237;ase&#44; detectamos uma correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre IL&#8208;23 e PGA no grupo S&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; tamb&#233;m detectamos uma correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre IL&#8208;22 e IL&#8208;23 no grupo SP&#46; Esse resultado pode ser explicado pelo fen&#243;tipo divergente na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Que seja de nosso conhecimento&#44; este estudo &#233; o primeiro a relatar que os n&#237;veis de S100A8 no FGC se correlacionam positivamente com ASC&#44; PASI e DLQI em indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase&#44; sugerindo que S100A8 no FGC pode servir como um potencial biomarcador de presen&#231;a e gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; Isso pode ser justificado pela alta express&#227;o de S100A8 na epiderme da pele psori&#225;sica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo piloto apresenta um pequeno tamanho amostral&#44; que reconhecemos ser uma limita&#231;&#227;o&#46; No entanto&#44; o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos inclu&#237;dos tornou poss&#237;vel a identifica&#231;&#227;o de altera&#231;&#245;es no FGC de indiv&#237;duos com e sem psor&#237;ase&#46; Portanto&#44; mais estudos s&#227;o essenciais para elucidar a rela&#231;&#227;o potencial entre periodontite e psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conclu&#237;mos que a concentra&#231;&#227;o de S100A8 foi mais alta no FGC de pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; independentemente de seu estado de sa&#250;de&#47;periodontal&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a S100A8 no FGC foi associada &#224; gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de IL e S100A7 foram semelhantes no FGC de pacientes psori&#225;sicos com ou sem periodontite&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o a controles saud&#225;veis&#46; Portanto&#44; as mol&#233;culas imunes avaliadas no FGC no presente estudo n&#227;o parecem refletir uma rela&#231;&#227;o entre a periodontite e a psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta pesquisa recebeu apoio financeiro por meio de uma concess&#227;o da Direcci&#243;n General de Investigaci&#243;n de la Universidad Andr&#233;s Bello &#40;DGI&#8208;UNAB&#41;&#44; n&#250;mero DI&#8208;36&#8208;18&#47;CBC e Fondecyt 1160741&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Constanza Jim&#233;nez&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Daniela Carvajal&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcela Hern&#225;ndez&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; prepara&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fernando Valenzuela&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jessica Astorga&#58; 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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Psor&#237;ase e periodontite s&#227;o doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias cr&#244;nicas mediadas imunologicamente&#46; Evid&#234;ncias epidemiol&#243;gicas estabeleceram uma rela&#231;&#227;o entre ambas as doen&#231;as&#59; entretanto&#44; a altera&#231;&#227;o de marcadores no fluido crevicular gengival tem sido pouco avaliada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A7&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 no fluido crevicular gengival de indiv&#237;duos psori&#225;sicos e saud&#225;veis com e sem periodontite e suas rela&#231;&#245;es com a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#46; A amostra foi composta pelos seguintes grupos&#58; controles saud&#225;veis sem periodontite ou com doen&#231;a leve &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#41;&#44; controles saud&#225;veis com periodontite moderada ou grave &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#41;&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase sem periodontite ou com doen&#231;a leve &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#44; indiv&#237;duos com psor&#237;ase e periodontite moderada ou grave &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&#41;&#46; Os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23&#44; S100A8 e S100A9 foram determinados por ensaio multiplex&#44; e S100A7 foi medida por ELISA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as entre os grupos em rela&#231;&#227;o aos n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;17A&#44; IL&#8208;22&#44; IL&#8208;23 e S100A7&#46; Os n&#237;veis de S100A8 foram maiores em pacientes com psor&#237;ase em rela&#231;&#227;o aos controles &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A prote&#237;na S100A8 foi positivamente correlacionada com a gravidade da psor&#237;ase no grupo com psor&#237;ase &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A S100A9 excedeu os limites de detec&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo piloto apresenta um pequeno tamanho de amostra&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A concentra&#231;&#227;o de S100A8 foi mais alta em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; independentemente da sa&#250;de&#47;estado periodontal&#46; A S100A8 foi associada &#224; gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de interleucinas e S100A7 foram semelhantes em pacientes psori&#225;sicos com ou sem periodontite <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> controles saud&#225;veis&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">PS &#40;mm&#44; m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;0001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">SS &#40;&#37;&#44;m&#233;dia &#91;DP&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;36 &#40;21&#44;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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ISSN: 26662752
Idioma original: Português
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