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Correspondence
Earliest details of dermatology by Ayurveda
T.M. Rashmia, H.S. Sathishb,
Autor para correspondência
ayursathishhs@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Shalya Tantra, TMAE’s Society Ayurvedic Medical College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
b Department of Shalya Tantra, TMAE’S Ayurvedic Medical College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I read the article entitled &#8220;History of dermatology&#58; the study of skin diseases over the centuries&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> which is&#44; astonishingly&#44; the earliest descriptions of skin and its disorders detailed in the Ancient Indian Vedic texts&#44; especially in Ayurvedic treatises have been unfound&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Ayurveda&#44; the Science of life&#44; is the first treatise that contains numerous evidence of the origin of dermatology&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sushruta</span> mentions seven layers of skin with a specific thickness and also dermatological disorders affecting each layer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The layers of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">twak</span> are&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Avabhasini&#44; Lohita</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shweta</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tamra</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vedini</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rohini&#44;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mamsadhara</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ayurveda designates Dermatological disorders as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kushta&#46; Kushta</span>&#44; is the term assigned to the skin disorders in Ayurvedic texts&#44; it includes various forms of pathologies of the integument system&#46; The etiological factors for skin disorders are classified as physical&#44; physiological&#44; hereditary&#44; and psychological&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and there is one more segment of etiology which basically talks about sinful acts of an individual resulting in the development of pathological manifestation in the skin&#44; the veracity of this cause has yet not been researched&#46; Grossly&#44; the disorders are grouped into two as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mahakushta</span> &#40;Skin disorders with a major imbalance of dosha or bodily humor with a deeper level of pathological invasion&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kshudra kushta</span> &#40;skin disorders with less degree of vitiation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dosha</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> The dreaded skin ailment&#44; Leprosy&#44; its etiopathogenesis&#44; complications&#44; and treatment modalities are described in detail in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sushruta&#8217;s</span> treatise&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Descriptions of Leprosy can be traced from all the ancient manuscripts of Vedic and post Vedic era&#44; and numerous indigenous treatment modalities and certain other treatment modalities of religious and spiritual importance are also been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Plenty of Ayurvedic practitioners are successfully treating skin disorders by adhering to the principles of Ayurveda as obtained through texts&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rashmi TM&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sathish HS&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">How to cite this article&#58; Rashmi TM&#44; Sathish HS&#46; Earliest details of dermatology by Ayurveda&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2021&#59;96&#58;649&#8211;50&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Study conducted at the TMAE&#8217;S Ayurvedic Medical College&#44; Shimoga&#44; Karnataka&#44; India&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sl&#46; n&#186;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Avabhasini</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sidhma</span> &#40;Pityriasis Vesicular&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Padmakantaka</span> &#40;Papilloma&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lohita</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tilakalaka</span> &#40;Non elevated Mole&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nyaccha</span> &#40;Naevi&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vyanga</span> &#40;Freckle&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shweta</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kushta</span> &#40;Leprosy and other serious skin disorders&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Visarpa</span> &#40;Erysipelas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mamsadhara</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bhagadara</span> &#40;Fistula&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vidradhi</span> &#40;Abscess&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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