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O ecocardiograma e eletrocardiograma Holter de 24 horas foram normais&#46; O tempo de protrombina foi de 65&#37;&#44; INR 1&#44;38&#44; FAN 1&#47;80 padr&#227;o pontilhado&#46; Os anticorpos anti&#8208;DNA&#44; anti&#8208;ENA&#44; ANCA e antifosfol&#237;pides &#40;aPL&#41; foram negativos&#46; O teste de trombofilia revelou defici&#234;ncia de prote&#237;na S&#46; Foi diagnosticada s&#237;ndrome de Sneddon &#40;SS&#41; aPL &#40;&#8722;&#41; com defici&#234;ncia de prote&#237;na S&#59; iniciou&#8208;se tratamento com rivaroxabana&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SS &#233; vasculopatia neurocut&#226;nea subdiagnosticada que compreende art&#233;rias de pequeno e m&#233;dio calibre&#44; com incid&#234;ncia estimada de 4&#47;1&#46;000&#46;000 casos por ano&#44; com mediana de idade de 40 anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Sua etiologia &#233; pouco compreendida&#44; embora tenham sido propostos mecanismos autoimunes e tromb&#243;ticos&#46; Foi descrita condi&#231;&#227;o autoss&#244;mica recessiva de SS com muta&#231;&#245;es no <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CERC1</span> &#40;que codifica a adenosina desaminase 2&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SS &#233; caracterizada por manifesta&#231;&#245;es do sistema nervoso central &#40;dores de cabe&#231;a&#44; AVC m&#250;ltiplos&#44; comprometimento cognitivo&#41;&#44; livedo racemoso persistente&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#44; valvopatia card&#237;aca e&#44; menos frequentemente&#44; envolvimento renal e ocular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a> A SS &#233; classificada de acordo com a presen&#231;a de aPL em dois grupos&#58; SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> e SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&#44; &#233; importante considerar outras causas de trombofilia&#46; Em uma s&#233;rie recente&#44; 27&#37; dos pacientes submetidos a testes de trombofilia tiveram resultados positivos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span> apresentam m&#225;culas de livedo com ramifica&#231;&#245;es mais finas&#44; maior frequ&#234;ncia de trombocitopenia&#44; convuls&#245;es e coreia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> Pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> apresentam maior n&#250;mero de AVC antes do diagn&#243;stico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As recomenda&#231;&#245;es de tratamento diferem para pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> e SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;8</span></a> Para os est&#225;gios iniciais de SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&#44; recomenda&#8208;se monitoramento regular com imagens cerebrais e&#44; em caso de sintomas prodr&#244;micos&#44; prescri&#231;&#227;o de aspirina em baixas doses&#46; Ap&#243;s evento isqu&#234;mico&#44; os medicamentos antiplaquet&#225;rios s&#227;o o tratamento de primeira linha&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Para pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&#44; recomenda&#231;&#245;es de manejo semelhantes s&#227;o sugeridas inicialmente&#44; mas no caso de trombose arterial &#233; recomendada terapia anticoagulante&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Essa diferen&#231;a &#233; baseada em duas s&#233;ries retrospectivas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Franc&#232;s et al&#46; acompanharam 46 pacientes &#40;19 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span> e 27 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&#41; por seis anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Os autores destacam que entre os pacientes SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&#44; aqueles que receberam anticoagulantes tiveram significantemente menos AVC do que aqueles em terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria&#46; Entretanto&#44; no subgrupo SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as no n&#250;mero de AVC&#44; independentemente da terapia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Bottin et al&#46; acompanharam 53 pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> por 20 anos e n&#227;o encontraram diferen&#231;as significantes em eventos isqu&#234;micos entre essas duas terapias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Entretanto&#44; a s&#233;rie recentemente publicada por Starmans et al&#46; levanta quest&#245;es sobre essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Nesse estudo retrospectivo de 53 pacientes &#40;14 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span> e 39 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&#41; com 21 anos de seguimento&#44; alguns pacientes foram tratados com terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria e alguns com anticoagula&#231;&#227;o&#44; independentemente dos t&#237;tulos de APL&#46; Durante o seguimento&#44; os pacientes com anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral tiveram sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a significantemente mais longa&#44; j&#225; que o tempo at&#233; a recorr&#234;ncia do primeiro AVC nesse grupo foi duas vezes maior do que naquele que recebeu terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;46 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 26&#44;5 meses&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Os autores recomendam iniciar a terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria e mudar para terapia de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral logo ap&#243;s qualquer epis&#243;dio isqu&#234;mico recorrente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente relato de caso enfatiza que &#233; necess&#225;rio exame detalhado nesses pacientes&#44; dado o maior risco de trombofilia concomitante&#46; A associa&#231;&#227;o entre SS e defici&#234;ncia de prote&#237;na S foi relatada anteriormente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; o presente caso mostra que a terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria pode n&#227;o ser suficiente para o controle da doen&#231;a em pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; Dada a import&#226;ncia de prevenir a dem&#234;ncia de in&#237;cio precoce&#44; os anticoagulantes orais de a&#231;&#227;o direta &#8211; que demonstraram efic&#225;cia semelhante aos antagonistas da vitamina K com menor risco de hemorragia intracraniana em pacientes com AVCI e fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> &#8211; devem ser fortemente considerados em pacientes SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> sintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Crist&#243;bal Lecaros&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gabriela Coulon&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisca Recul&#233;&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alex Castro&#58; Participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Constanza Del Puerto&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S&#233;ries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero de pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Terapia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Desfecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Franc&#232;s et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46 pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 anos</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;06 AVC por ano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ACO &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5 AVC por ano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;056 AVC por ano</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ACO &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;08 AVC por ano</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Bottin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56 pacientes SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span></td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 anos</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#37; recorr&#234;ncia de AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ACO &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;7&#37; recorr&#234;ncia de AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Starmans et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31 pacientes</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 meses</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ACO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46 meses SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;5 meses SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Cartas ‐ Terapia
Resposta inadequada à terapia antiplaquetária na síndrome de Sneddon. É hora de reavaliar as recomendações de manejo?
Cristóbal Lecarosa, Gabriela Coulona, Francisca Reculéa, Alex Castrob, Constanza Del Puertoa,
Corresponding author
mdelpuerto@alemana.cl

Autor para correspondência.
a Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
b Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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1 e 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A histopatologia em biopsia cut&#226;nea ampla e profunda mostrou m&#250;ltiplas pequenas art&#233;rias com espessamento da parede&#44; hiperplasia intimal&#44; estenose e oblitera&#231;&#227;o do l&#250;men&#44; com sinais secund&#225;rios de retunelamento e neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o na derme reticular e tecido subcut&#226;neo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A angiografia por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica do c&#233;rebro revelou infartos nas &#225;reas cerebelar frontal esquerda&#44; parietal direita e cerebelar posteroinferior direita e sequelas parenquimatosas no territ&#243;rio irrigado pela art&#233;ria cerebral medial direita e esquerda&#46; 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recomenda&#8208;se monitoramento regular com imagens cerebrais e&#44; em caso de sintomas prodr&#244;micos&#44; prescri&#231;&#227;o de aspirina em baixas doses&#46; Ap&#243;s evento isqu&#234;mico&#44; os medicamentos antiplaquet&#225;rios s&#227;o o tratamento de primeira linha&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Para pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&#44; recomenda&#231;&#245;es de manejo semelhantes s&#227;o sugeridas inicialmente&#44; mas no caso de trombose arterial &#233; recomendada terapia anticoagulante&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Essa diferen&#231;a &#233; baseada em duas s&#233;ries retrospectivas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Franc&#232;s et al&#46; acompanharam 46 pacientes &#40;19 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span> e 27 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&#41; por seis anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Os autores destacam que entre os pacientes SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&#44; aqueles que receberam anticoagulantes tiveram significantemente menos AVC do que aqueles em terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria&#46; Entretanto&#44; no subgrupo SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as no n&#250;mero de AVC&#44; independentemente da terapia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Bottin et al&#46; acompanharam 53 pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> por 20 anos e n&#227;o encontraram diferen&#231;as significantes em eventos isqu&#234;micos entre essas duas terapias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Entretanto&#44; a s&#233;rie recentemente publicada por Starmans et al&#46; levanta quest&#245;es sobre essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Nesse estudo retrospectivo de 53 pacientes &#40;14 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span> e 39 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&#41; com 21 anos de seguimento&#44; alguns pacientes foram tratados com terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria e alguns com anticoagula&#231;&#227;o&#44; independentemente dos t&#237;tulos de APL&#46; Durante o seguimento&#44; os pacientes com anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral tiveram sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a significantemente mais longa&#44; j&#225; que o tempo at&#233; a recorr&#234;ncia do primeiro AVC nesse grupo foi duas vezes maior do que naquele que recebeu terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;46 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 26&#44;5 meses&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Os autores recomendam iniciar a terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria e mudar para terapia de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral logo ap&#243;s qualquer epis&#243;dio isqu&#234;mico recorrente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente relato de caso enfatiza que &#233; necess&#225;rio exame detalhado nesses pacientes&#44; dado o maior risco de trombofilia concomitante&#46; A associa&#231;&#227;o entre SS e defici&#234;ncia de prote&#237;na S foi relatada anteriormente&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; o presente caso mostra que a terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria pode n&#227;o ser suficiente para o controle da doen&#231;a em pacientes com SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; Dada a import&#226;ncia de prevenir a dem&#234;ncia de in&#237;cio precoce&#44; os anticoagulantes orais de a&#231;&#227;o direta &#8211; que demonstraram efic&#225;cia semelhante aos antagonistas da vitamina K com menor risco de hemorragia intracraniana em pacientes com AVCI e fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> &#8211; devem ser fortemente considerados em pacientes SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span> sintom&#225;ticos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Crist&#243;bal Lecaros&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gabriela Coulon&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisca Recul&#233;&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alex Castro&#58; Participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Constanza Del Puerto&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica de conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S&#233;ries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero de pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Terapia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Desfecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Franc&#232;s et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 anos</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;06 AVC por ano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#43;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACO &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5 AVC por ano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;056 AVC por ano</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACO &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;08 AVC por ano</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bottin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 pacientes SS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">APL&#8722;</span></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 anos</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#37; recorr&#234;ncia de AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACO &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;7&#37; recorr&#234;ncia de AVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Starmans et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 pacientes</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 meses</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 meses SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Antiplaquet&#225;ria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;5 meses SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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ISSN: 26662752
Original language: Portuguese
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