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angiossarcoma associado a linfedema cr&#244;nico e tem progn&#243;stico ruim pela alta incid&#234;ncia de recorr&#234;ncia local e met&#225;stases a dist&#226;ncia&#44; com taxa m&#233;dia de sobrevida de apenas 2&#44;5 anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Por isso&#44; o diagn&#243;stico e o tratamento precoces s&#227;o muito importantes&#46; No entanto&#44; em raz&#227;o de sua raridade&#44; nem sua patog&#234;nese nem uma estrat&#233;gia de tratamento padr&#227;o foram estabelecidas&#46; O objetivo desse artigo foi caracterizar os casos de SST tratados no departamento dos autores e descrever seus tratamentos e resultados para explorar futuros protocolos de seguimento de linfedema cr&#244;nico e manejo da SST&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Materiais e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Temas da pesquisa</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Depois de obtida a aprova&#231;&#227;o do Conselho de &#201;tica institucional&#44; foi realizada revis&#227;o retrospectiva de 22 pacientes com SST no Departamento de Cirurgia Vascular do Beijing Shijitan Hospital&#44; Capital Medical University&#44; de 22 de maio de 2007 a 31 de dezembro de 2018&#46; Todos os pacientes procuraram tratamento no departamento dos autores&#44; tendo linfedema como queixa principal&#46; As investiga&#231;&#245;es originais e tratamento para linfedema foram realizados&#44; com encaminhamento quando o diagn&#243;stico de SST era evidente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">M&#233;todos de pesquisa</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas clinicopatol&#243;gicas de 22 pacientes foram analisadas retrospectivamente&#44; incluindo manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas&#44; exames laboratoriais&#44; ultrassonografia&#44; resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica &#40;RM&#41;&#44; exames de imagem com radionucl&#237;deos e histopatologia&#46; Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por telefone&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O programa SPSS ver&#46; 22&#46;0 &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; EUA&#41; foi utilizado em todas as an&#225;lises&#46; A sobrevida foi calculada pelo m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meier&#46; Casos com tempos de sobrevida n&#227;o relatados foram exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise de sobrevida&#46; O tempo de sobrevida foi medido desde o momento do diagn&#243;stico at&#233; o momento da morte ou final do seguimento&#46; Valor de p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente signi&#64257;cante&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Resultados</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizada revis&#227;o retrospectiva de 4&#46;676 pacientes com linfedema entre 22 de maio de 2007 e 31 de dezembro de 2018&#46; Foram encontrados 22 pacientes com SST com linfedema&#46; A faixa et&#225;ria variou de 15 a 78 anos &#40;m&#233;dia de idade&#58; 52&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;2 anos&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; Tr&#234;s pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 19 pacientes do sexo feminino&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do linfedema at&#233; a SST foi de 13 anos &#40;varia&#231;&#227;o&#58; 6 meses a 60 anos&#41;&#46; Ao todo&#44; 12 pacientes tiveram linfedema de membro superior ap&#243;s mastectomia radical&#44; dois pacientes tiveram linfedema de membro inferior ap&#243;s cirurgia de c&#226;ncer do colo uterino&#44; sete pacientes tiveram linfedema prim&#225;rio de membro inferior &#40;paciente da <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; e um paciente teve linfedema prim&#225;rio das quatro extremidades e face&#46; Em geral&#44; na &#225;rea do linfedema&#44; a SST aparece inicialmente como m&#225;culas vermelho&#8208;azuladas m&#250;ltiplas&#44; de crescimento r&#225;pido&#44; com endurecimento circundante que&#44; em seguida&#44; formam placas compostas por p&#225;pulas coalescentes de colora&#231;&#227;o p&#250;rpura com &#225;reas necr&#243;ticas&#46; &#192;s vezes&#44; a manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica pode ter aspecto de hematoma n&#227;o reabsorv&#237;vel&#46; &#192; medida que as les&#245;es aumentam&#44; a pele atr&#243;fica sobreposta pode ulcerar&#44; e propiciar infec&#231;&#227;o e sangramento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Esses pacientes tamb&#233;m apresentavam sintomas cl&#237;nicos como fraqueza&#44; emagrecimento&#44; dor&#44; massas&#44; linfadenopatia e assim por diante&#46; As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de cada paciente est&#227;o resumidas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Exames auxiliares</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com marcadores tumorais anormais neste estudo foi de 31&#44;3&#37; &#40;5&#47;16&#41;&#44; incluindo CA153 &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; CA199 &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; Ig urin&#225;ria de cadeia leve kappa &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; &#946;2&#8208;microglobulina s&#233;rica &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; Ig urin&#225;ria de cadeia leve lambda &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; Ig s&#233;rica de cadeia leve kappa &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; &#946;2&#8208;microglobulina urin&#225;ria &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; AFP &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; CA50 &#40;um caso&#41; e Ig s&#233;rica de cadeia leve lambda &#40;um caso&#41;&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de anemia entre os pacientes com SST foi de 20&#44;0&#37; &#40;5&#47;25&#41;&#46; Algumas les&#245;es suspeitas foram investigadas com exames de imagem&#46; As taxas positivas de ultrassonografia&#44; RM e imagem com radionucl&#237;deos foram de 66&#44;7&#37; &#40;6&#47;9&#41;&#44; 92&#44;3&#37; &#40;12&#47;13&#41; e 18&#44;2&#37; &#40;2&#47;11&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; O exame de ultrassom mostrou que havia m&#250;ltiplas massas na pele e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#59; um caso mostrou ser hiperecoico e anecoico&#44; tr&#234;s casos eram hipoecoicos n&#227;o uniformes&#44; um caso era hipoecoico e anecoico n&#227;o uniforme e um caso era uniformemente ecoico&#46; A RM mostrou n&#243;dulos distribu&#237;dos na superf&#237;cie da pele&#44; tecido subcut&#226;neo e alguns m&#250;sculos&#59; seis casos apresentaram sinal de T1 e T2 longo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; um caso apresentou T1 ligeiramente longo e T2 curto &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; e seis casos apresentaram T1 ligeiramente longo&#46; Realce anormal do contraste foi observado na varredura aprimorada&#46; A cintilografia &#243;ssea de corpo inteiro &#40;cintilografia &#243;ssea com radionucl&#237;deo&#41; mostrou aumento do metabolismo &#243;sseo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Histopatologia</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os 22 casos foram confirmados por histopatologia&#46; Amostras de tecido foram obtidas dos n&#243;dulos localizados ao redor da &#225;rea afetada&#44; incluindo pele e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#46; A histopatologia mostrou l&#250;mens irregulares com crescimento infiltrativo na derme e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#44; alguns l&#250;mens fusionados e comunicantes entre si&#59; foi poss&#237;vel observar gl&#243;bulos vermelhos em alguns l&#250;mens&#46; O endot&#233;lio revestindo o l&#250;men era obviamente heterom&#243;rfico&#44; projetando&#8208;se para o l&#250;men com aspecto de tachinhas&#44; e o n&#250;cleo era grande e apresentava colora&#231;&#227;o escura&#46; Em algumas &#225;reas&#44; as c&#233;lulas tumorais dispunham&#8208;se de forma compacta&#44; com nucl&#233;olos evidentes&#44; mitoses&#44; sangramento e necrose&#46; A imunomarca&#231;&#227;o foi positiva para CD34&#44; CD31 e D2&#8208;40 e negativa para CK&#44; EMA e HHV&#8208;8&#46; A positividade do Ki&#8208;67 variou de 2&#37; a 90&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Tratamento e seguimento</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Depois que os pacientes foram diagnosticados com SST em nosso departamento&#44; eles foram transferidos para os departamentos adequados para cirurgia&#44; radioterapia ou quimioterapia&#46; Os dados de seguimento foram os seguintes&#46; Havia 12 pacientes com SST com linfedema da extremidade superior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41; e dois pacientes foram perdidos no seguimento&#46; Havia nove pacientes com SST e linfedema de membros inferiores &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a>&#41; e quatro foram submetidos a ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa de tumores de membros inferiores&#46; Eles faleceram dois&#44; tr&#234;s e 11 meses ap&#243;s a opera&#231;&#227;o&#44; e um paciente foi perdido no seguimento&#46; Para a totalidade dos pacientes&#44; a mediana da sobrevida foi de 25 meses&#44; e a sobrevida do 3&#176; quartil &#40;Q3&#41; foi de seis meses&#46; A sobrevida dos pacientes amputados foi significantemente maior do que a dos n&#227;o amputados &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve melhora significante na sobrevida com radioterapia&#44; quimioterapia ou ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#40;p &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SST &#233; angiossarcoma raro&#44; com progn&#243;stico ruim&#46; Foi descrito pela primeira vez por Stewart e Treves em 1948 em mulheres com c&#226;ncer de mama tratadas com mastectomia radical&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> A SST geralmente ocorre como complica&#231;&#227;o de linfedema de longa dura&#231;&#227;o do bra&#231;o ap&#243;s dissec&#231;&#227;o de linfonodos axilares p&#243;s&#8208;mastectomia radical e&#47;ou RT para c&#226;ncer de mama&#46; A SST tamb&#233;m pode aparecer em membros inferiores com linfedema cr&#244;nico&#46; &#201; essencial reconhecer les&#245;es suspeitas em membro com linfedema precocemente e realizar bi&#243;psia em raz&#227;o da alta taxa de recorr&#234;ncia local&#44; dissemina&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica&#44; falta de protocolo de tratamento padronizado e baixa taxa de sobrevida em cinco anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SST &#233; neoplasia maligna que se origina de c&#233;lulas endoteliais de vasos sangu&#237;neos ou linf&#225;ticos&#46; Na presen&#231;a de linfedema&#44; ela forma placas ou n&#243;dulos cut&#226;neos e subcut&#226;neos&#44; &#250;nicos ou m&#250;ltiplos&#44; que podem coalescer&#44; de etiologia desconhecida&#46; V&#225;rios estudos mostraram que o linfedema produz imunossupress&#227;o local como resultado da estase do fluido linf&#225;tico e da regula&#231;&#227;o positiva relativa dos fatores de crescimento dentro do microambiente&#46; Considera&#8208;se que isso esteja potencialmente associado ao desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a maligna&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;9</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se que a defici&#234;ncia na drenagem linf&#225;tica aferente impe&#231;a o reconhecimento precoce de ant&#237;genos espec&#237;ficos do tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Quando os mecanismos locais de vigil&#226;ncia imunol&#243;gica falham&#44; a regi&#227;o torna&#8208;se imunologicamente vulner&#225;vel e predisposta ao desenvolvimento do c&#226;ncer&#46; Algumas teorias que tentam explicar o mecanismo foram propostas&#46; Futrell e Myers destacaram o estado imunol&#243;gico que rege a resposta dos hospedeiros animais aos tumores implantados na pele&#44; com ou sem sistema linf&#225;tico intacto&#46; Em seu estudo&#44; embora a solu&#231;&#227;o tumoral n&#227;o tenha induzido malignidade quando injetada em &#225;rea onde os vasos linf&#225;ticos estavam poupados&#44; tumores grandes e letais se desenvolveram sempre que a inje&#231;&#227;o foi aplicada em &#225;rea onde os vasos linf&#225;ticos estavam comprometidos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se tamb&#233;m que a estase cr&#244;nica produza altera&#231;&#245;es locais na composi&#231;&#227;o das prote&#237;nas linf&#225;ticas &#40;diminui&#231;&#227;o da fra&#231;&#227;o alfa&#8208;2 globulina e aumento da rela&#231;&#227;o albumina&#8208;globulina&#41; e que o atraso no transporte de prote&#237;nas do espa&#231;o intersticial para o tecido linf&#225;tico possa alterar a composi&#231;&#227;o antig&#234;nica do tecido e&#47;ou compet&#234;ncia imunol&#243;gica regional&#46; A estase linf&#225;tica e a remodela&#231;&#227;o do tecido conjuntivo levam &#224; imunodefici&#234;ncia local&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a imunodefici&#234;ncia sist&#234;mica ou fatores sist&#234;micos&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es virais potencialmente carcinog&#234;nicas &#40;papilomav&#237;rus humano&#41;&#44; tamb&#233;m explicam a etiologia dos tumores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos anteriores e metan&#225;lises relataram que h&#225; mais mulheres do que homens entre os pacientes com SST&#59; a idade de in&#237;cio &#233; geralmente de meia&#8208;idade e idosos&#44; e h&#225; um n&#250;mero muito pequeno de adolescentes com menos de 18 anos&#46; Os fatores patog&#234;nicos relacionados &#224; SST incluem IMC alto &#40;IMC &#8805; 28&#41;&#44; hist&#243;ria de trauma&#44; desuso do membro&#44; hist&#243;ria de radioterapia&#44; hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna e assim por diante&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;16</span></a> A SST foi mais comumente relatada unilateralmente em extremidade superior&#44; e poucos casos foram relatados em extremidade inferior&#46; O tempo m&#233;dio de evolu&#231;&#227;o do edema dos membros &#224; neoplasia maligna varia de alguns meses a v&#225;rios anos&#44; at&#233; mesmo d&#233;cadas&#46; Alguns pacientes com linfedema sem hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna podem persistir por mais tempo&#46; Alguns estudos relataram que microcirurgia&#44; imunoterapia e medicamentos podem ser eficazes no tratamento da SST&#44; mas a maioria dos esquemas de tratamento ainda enfatiza a import&#226;ncia da cirurgia radical na determina&#231;&#227;o da taxa de sobrevida dos pacientes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> Em estudo realizado no Canad&#225;&#44; a m&#233;dia a idade dos pacientes foi de 61&#44;2 anos&#44; e o tempo m&#233;dio de evolu&#231;&#227;o do linfedema &#224; neoplasia maligna foi de 15&#44;8 anos&#46; Um total de 69&#44;8&#37; dos pacientes tinham hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna e 53&#44;7&#37; tinham hist&#243;ria de radioterapia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Em estudo de Stephen R&#46; Grabmyer et al&#46;&#44; n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a na taxa de sobrevida em longo prazo entre pacientes submetidos a ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa e amputa&#231;&#227;o&#44; mas a taxa de sobrevida em longo prazo de pacientes que receberam quimioterapia e&#47;ou radioterapia foi menor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Em outro estudo&#44; o progn&#243;stico foi significantemente melhorado ap&#243;s seguimento em longo prazo para seis pacientes submetidos &#224; amputa&#231;&#227;o&#46; Portanto&#44; sugere&#8208;se que o tratamento mais eficaz para SST seja a cirurgia ablativa radical&#44; geralmente envolvendo amputa&#231;&#227;o do quarto dianteiro &#40;ou traseiro&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> Nesta an&#225;lise retrospectiva&#44; a m&#233;dia de idade dos 22 pacientes foi de 52&#44;7 anos&#44; e a maioria tinha mais de 35 anos&#46; O tempo m&#233;dio de evolu&#231;&#227;o do linfedema &#224; neoplasia maligna foi de 13 anos &#8211; dado semelhante ao relatado na literatura&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a maioria dos pacientes com SST tinha hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna&#44; e foi observado que apenas a amputa&#231;&#227;o pode melhorar o progn&#243;stico dos pacientes&#46; N&#227;o foi encontrada nenhuma diferen&#231;a nas taxas de sobrevida entre os pacientes tratados com quimioterapia e aqueles tratados com radioterapia&#44; o que &#233; consistente com alguns outros estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;24</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada a crescente preval&#234;ncia de linfedema&#44; os m&#233;dicos devem estar cientes da possibilidade de degenera&#231;&#227;o sarcomatosa no linfedema&#46; Havia 19 &#40;86&#44;4&#37;&#41; pacientes com mais de 35 anos no estudo&#59; portanto&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia de tumores malignos deve ser exclu&#237;da quando diagnosticado linfedema tardio&#46; O per&#237;odo de pico para o diagn&#243;stico de STS ocorre entre seis meses e um ano ap&#243;s o linfedema&#44; sugerindo que&#44; para pacientes com linfedema cr&#244;nico de longa dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#233; necess&#225;rio realizar seguimento curto &#40;tr&#234;s meses&#44; seis meses&#44; um ano ap&#243;s o linfedema&#41; para identificar les&#245;es malignas o mais r&#225;pido poss&#237;vel&#46; A SST apresenta in&#237;cio agudo e progress&#227;o r&#225;pida&#44; o que resulta em mudan&#231;as na cor da pele&#46; &#192;s vezes&#44; &#233; acompanhada de dor&#44; parestesia&#44; paralisia e fraqueza&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Pacientes com edema grave s&#250;bito ou agravamento &#243;bvio do edema em curto prazo precisam prestar aten&#231;&#227;o especial &#224; possibilidade de linfedema maligno&#46; Os principais componentes do exame f&#237;sico para pacientes com suspeita de SST devem incluir o valor do IMC&#44; distribui&#231;&#227;o do edema&#44; sensibilidade no local do edema&#44; presen&#231;a de edema depress&#237;vel e veias varicosas&#44; quaisquer altera&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas e sinais de doen&#231;a sist&#234;mica&#44; incluindo massa abdominal&#47;p&#233;lvica ou linfadenopatias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Outros sinais tamb&#233;m precisam de aten&#231;&#227;o especial&#58; se h&#225; edema de g&#226;nglios linf&#225;ticos ou massas na regi&#227;o inguinal ou axilar&#59; se h&#225; cianose e altera&#231;&#227;o do refluxo venoso &#40;altera&#231;&#245;es congestivas das veias superficiais&#41; ou compress&#227;o nervosa &#40;com dor local ou fun&#231;&#227;o anormal dos membros afetados&#41;&#59; se h&#225; altera&#231;&#245;es na apar&#234;ncia da pele &#40;erup&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea&#44; mudan&#231;a de cor&#44; necrose ou ulcera&#231;&#227;o etc&#46;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a RM &#233; o procedimento padr&#227;o para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46; Quando os resultados dos exames de imagem s&#227;o anormais&#44; inflama&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rea de drenagem linf&#225;tica e dano tecidual causado pela cirurgia devem ser exclu&#237;dos&#46; Por ser neoplasia pouco diferenciada&#44; a SST requer confirma&#231;&#227;o por imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;28</span></a> A neoplasia mostra positividade para marcadores de c&#233;lulas endoteliais&#44; como fator VIII e anticorpos anti&#8208;CD34 e anti&#8208;CD31 &#8211; este &#250;ltimo o de maior sensibilidade e especificidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora o mecanismo ainda n&#227;o tenha sido comprovado&#44; &#233; amplamente aceito que o linfedema pode induzir a SST&#46; Diagn&#243;stico e tratamento ativos do linfedema&#44; aten&#231;&#227;o especial ao desenvolvimento do linfedema&#44; manuten&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de dos membros e preven&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o medidas que podem ser adotadas para evitar a SST&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals&#8217; Youth Programme &#40;QML20150101&#41;&#44; Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program &#40;PX2020030&#41;&#44; Natural Science Foundation of Capital Medical University &#40;PYZ2017158&#41;&#44; Beijing Shijitan Hospital Fund Capital Medical University &#40;2019&#8208;LB12&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kun Hao&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yuguang Sun&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yan Zhu&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jianfeng Xin&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Li Zhang&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bin Li&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wenbin Shen&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves &#40;SST&#41; &#233; um angiossarcoma associado a linfedema cr&#244;nico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este artigo analisa as caracter&#237;sticas de 22 pacientes e prop&#245;e a interven&#231;&#227;o ativa no linfedema e o diagn&#243;stico precoce de SST&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante 11 anos&#44; 22 pacientes com SST foram diagnosticados no departamento dos autores&#46; Manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas&#44; e s&#233;rie de an&#225;lises convencionais e histopatologia foram utilizados para estudar esses casos retrospectivamente&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A faixa et&#225;ria dos 22 pacientes com SST variou de 15 a 78 anos&#46; As principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas inclu&#237;ram m&#250;ltiplos n&#243;dulos cut&#226;neos e subcut&#226;neos e erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas vermelhas ou arroxeadas dispersas nos membros linfedematosos&#46; Esses pacientes geralmente apresentavam sintomas cl&#237;nicos como linfedema&#44; fraqueza&#44; emagrecimento&#44; dor&#44; massas&#44; linfadenopatia e assim por diante&#46; As taxas positivas de ultrassonografia&#44; resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica e imagem com radionucl&#237;deos foram de 66&#44;7&#37; &#40;6&#47;9&#41;&#44; 92&#44;3&#37; &#40;12&#47;13&#41; e 18&#44;2&#37; &#40;2&#47;11&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; Os principais pontos relativos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o ativa no linfedema e diagn&#243;stico precoce de SST foram resumidos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Por ser um estudo retrospectivo&#44; os principais pontos sintetizados pelo autor precisam ser mais bem quantificados em trabalhos cl&#237;nicos para orientar o diagn&#243;stico desse tipo de doen&#231;a de modo mais conveniente&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; ensaios cl&#237;nicos adicionais s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avaliar o papel do linfedema na ocorr&#234;ncia e no desenvolvimento de tumores malignos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A SST pode aparecer no tecido linfedematoso muitos anos ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do linfedema&#46; Para evitar atrasos no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da SST&#44; os m&#233;dicos devem procurar ativamente por sinais ou sintomas de linfedema maligno durante o per&#237;odo de seguimento e tratar prontamente os pacientes que desenvolvem problemas&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vermelhid&#227;o e alta temperatura da pele&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SST com edema sist&#234;mico &#40;um caso&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edema de membro inferior direito&#44; regi&#227;o perineal&#44; membro superior esquerdo e hemiface esquerda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Discinesia do membro superior esquerdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dor do membro superior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#243;dulo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3171275.png"
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de 22 pacientes com s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Na&#44; n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sobreviveu sem progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a por 139 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 48 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Met&#225;stase pulmonar em dois meses e morte em seis meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 26 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em sete meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Radioterapia &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 40 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em tr&#234;s meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 19 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Radioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 25 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 35 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perda de seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perda de seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tratamento e seguimento da s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves com linfedema de membros superiores</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 31 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sobreviveu por 72 meses com met&#225;stase pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 11 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; amputa&#231;&#227;o &#43; radioterapia &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sobreviveu por 41 meses&#44; com met&#225;stase lombar e pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em dois meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em tr&#234;s meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em quatro meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perda de seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; amputa&#231;&#227;o &#43; radioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 26 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                      "titulo" => "The immunocompromised district&#58; a unifying concept for lymphooedematous&#44; herpes&#8208;infected and otherwise damaged sites"
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                          "etal" => false
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03345.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "23"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "1373"
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                      "titulo" => "an immunologically vulnerable site for development of neoplasms"
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                            0 => "V&#46; Ruocco"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1067/mjd.2002.120909"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "124"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Complex karyotype in a case of cutaneous lymphangiosarcoma associated with chronic lymphedema of the lower limb"
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                            2 => "D&#46; Sabatino"
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                            4 => "C&#46; Capella"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.prp.2014.04.021"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Pathol Res Pract&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "210"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1138"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1141"
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                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous diffuse large B&#8208;cell lymphoma of the leg associated with chronic lymphedema"
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                            2 => "J&#46;F&#46; Val-Bernal"
                            3 => "H&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Llaca"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03375.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "174"
                        "paginaFinal" => "177"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18211492"
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                      "titulo" => "Stewart&#8208;Treves syndrome&#58; pathogenesis and management"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2012.04.028"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1342"
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                      "titulo" => "Stewart&#8208;Treves syndrome Case report and literature review"
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Artigo original
Análise retrospectiva da síndrome de Stewart‐Treves no contexto do linfedema crônico
Kun Haoa, Yuguang Suna, Yan Zhua, Jianfeng Xina, Li Zhangb, Bin Lic,
Corresponding author
libin2434@bjsjth.cn

Autor para correspondência.
, Wenbin Shena,
Corresponding author
shenwb@bjsjth.cn

Autor para correspondência.
a Departamento de Cirurgia Vascular, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Pequim, China
b Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Pequim, China
c Departamento de RM, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Pequim, China
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    "titulo" => "An&#225;lise retrospectiva da s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves no contexto do linfedema cr&#244;nico"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Curva de sobrevida para casos de s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves em amputados e n&#227;o amputados&#46; O tempo de sobrevida foi definido como o tempo de sobrevida desde o diagn&#243;stico at&#233; o momento da morte ou final do seguimento&#46; A sobrevida foi calculada utilizando a an&#225;lise de Kaplan&#8208;Meier&#46; Para a s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves&#44; a sobrevida m&#233;dia foi de 25 meses&#44; e a sobrevida do 3&#176; quartil &#40;Q3&#41; foi de seis meses&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O sistema linf&#225;tico faz parte dos sistemas circulat&#243;rio e imunol&#243;gico e tem v&#225;rias fun&#231;&#245;es importantes na regula&#231;&#227;o de diferentes componentes da homeostase corporal&#46; Como parte do sistema imunol&#243;gico&#44; o sistema linf&#225;tico protege o corpo de agentes infecciosos e estranhos e remove res&#237;duos e detritos celulares do interst&#237;cio dos tecidos&#46; O linfedema pode ser definido como o ac&#250;mulo anormal de fluido intersticial rico em prote&#237;nas que ocorre principalmente como consequ&#234;ncia de malforma&#231;&#227;o&#44; displasia ou interrup&#231;&#227;o adquirida da circula&#231;&#227;o linf&#225;tica&#46; O linfedema pode ser classificado em prim&#225;rio e secund&#225;rio&#46; O linfedema prim&#225;rio &#233; causado por defeito inato nos vasos linf&#225;ticos ou linfonodos&#46; O linfedema secund&#225;rio &#233; o resultado de v&#225;rias etiologias&#44; como trauma&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o&#44; inflama&#231;&#227;o persistente&#44; doen&#231;a venosa&#44; imobilidade cr&#244;nica extrema&#44; neoplasias malignas&#44; cirurgia e radioterapia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> O membro linfedematoso tem propens&#227;o a infec&#231;&#245;es bacterianas&#44; f&#250;ngicas e virais e h&#225; risco de ocorr&#234;ncia de tumores malignos e met&#225;stases&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> especialmente angiossarcoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves &#40;SST&#41; &#233; angiossarcoma associado a linfedema cr&#244;nico e tem progn&#243;stico ruim pela alta incid&#234;ncia de recorr&#234;ncia local e met&#225;stases a dist&#226;ncia&#44; com taxa m&#233;dia de sobrevida de apenas 2&#44;5 anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Por isso&#44; o diagn&#243;stico e o tratamento precoces s&#227;o muito importantes&#46; No entanto&#44; em raz&#227;o de sua raridade&#44; nem sua patog&#234;nese nem uma estrat&#233;gia de tratamento padr&#227;o foram estabelecidas&#46; O objetivo desse artigo foi caracterizar os casos de SST tratados no departamento dos autores e descrever seus tratamentos e resultados para explorar futuros protocolos de seguimento de linfedema cr&#244;nico e manejo da SST&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Materiais e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Temas da pesquisa</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Depois de obtida a aprova&#231;&#227;o do Conselho de &#201;tica institucional&#44; foi realizada revis&#227;o retrospectiva de 22 pacientes com SST no Departamento de Cirurgia Vascular do Beijing Shijitan Hospital&#44; Capital Medical University&#44; de 22 de maio de 2007 a 31 de dezembro de 2018&#46; Todos os pacientes procuraram tratamento no departamento dos autores&#44; tendo linfedema como queixa principal&#46; As investiga&#231;&#245;es originais e tratamento para linfedema foram realizados&#44; com encaminhamento quando o diagn&#243;stico de SST era evidente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">M&#233;todos de pesquisa</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas clinicopatol&#243;gicas de 22 pacientes foram analisadas retrospectivamente&#44; incluindo manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas&#44; exames laboratoriais&#44; ultrassonografia&#44; resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica &#40;RM&#41;&#44; exames de imagem com radionucl&#237;deos e histopatologia&#46; Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por telefone&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O programa SPSS ver&#46; 22&#46;0 &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; EUA&#41; foi utilizado em todas as an&#225;lises&#46; A sobrevida foi calculada pelo m&#233;todo de Kaplan&#8208;Meier&#46; Casos com tempos de sobrevida n&#227;o relatados foram exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise de sobrevida&#46; O tempo de sobrevida foi medido desde o momento do diagn&#243;stico at&#233; o momento da morte ou final do seguimento&#46; Valor de p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente signi&#64257;cante&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Resultados</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizada revis&#227;o retrospectiva de 4&#46;676 pacientes com linfedema entre 22 de maio de 2007 e 31 de dezembro de 2018&#46; Foram encontrados 22 pacientes com SST com linfedema&#46; A faixa et&#225;ria variou de 15 a 78 anos &#40;m&#233;dia de idade&#58; 52&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;2 anos&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; Tr&#234;s pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 19 pacientes do sexo feminino&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do linfedema at&#233; a SST foi de 13 anos &#40;varia&#231;&#227;o&#58; 6 meses a 60 anos&#41;&#46; Ao todo&#44; 12 pacientes tiveram linfedema de membro superior ap&#243;s mastectomia radical&#44; dois pacientes tiveram linfedema de membro inferior ap&#243;s cirurgia de c&#226;ncer do colo uterino&#44; sete pacientes tiveram linfedema prim&#225;rio de membro inferior &#40;paciente da <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; e um paciente teve linfedema prim&#225;rio das quatro extremidades e face&#46; Em geral&#44; na &#225;rea do linfedema&#44; a SST aparece inicialmente como m&#225;culas vermelho&#8208;azuladas m&#250;ltiplas&#44; de crescimento r&#225;pido&#44; com endurecimento circundante que&#44; em seguida&#44; formam placas compostas por p&#225;pulas coalescentes de colora&#231;&#227;o p&#250;rpura com &#225;reas necr&#243;ticas&#46; &#192;s vezes&#44; a manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica pode ter aspecto de hematoma n&#227;o reabsorv&#237;vel&#46; &#192; medida que as les&#245;es aumentam&#44; a pele atr&#243;fica sobreposta pode ulcerar&#44; e propiciar infec&#231;&#227;o e sangramento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Esses pacientes tamb&#233;m apresentavam sintomas cl&#237;nicos como fraqueza&#44; emagrecimento&#44; dor&#44; massas&#44; linfadenopatia e assim por diante&#46; As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de cada paciente est&#227;o resumidas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Exames auxiliares</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com marcadores tumorais anormais neste estudo foi de 31&#44;3&#37; &#40;5&#47;16&#41;&#44; incluindo CA153 &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; CA199 &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; Ig urin&#225;ria de cadeia leve kappa &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; &#946;2&#8208;microglobulina s&#233;rica &#40;dois casos&#41;&#44; Ig urin&#225;ria de cadeia leve lambda &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; Ig s&#233;rica de cadeia leve kappa &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; &#946;2&#8208;microglobulina urin&#225;ria &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; AFP &#40;um caso&#41;&#44; CA50 &#40;um caso&#41; e Ig s&#233;rica de cadeia leve lambda &#40;um caso&#41;&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de anemia entre os pacientes com SST foi de 20&#44;0&#37; &#40;5&#47;25&#41;&#46; Algumas les&#245;es suspeitas foram investigadas com exames de imagem&#46; As taxas positivas de ultrassonografia&#44; RM e imagem com radionucl&#237;deos foram de 66&#44;7&#37; &#40;6&#47;9&#41;&#44; 92&#44;3&#37; &#40;12&#47;13&#41; e 18&#44;2&#37; &#40;2&#47;11&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; O exame de ultrassom mostrou que havia m&#250;ltiplas massas na pele e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#59; um caso mostrou ser hiperecoico e anecoico&#44; tr&#234;s casos eram hipoecoicos n&#227;o uniformes&#44; um caso era hipoecoico e anecoico n&#227;o uniforme e um caso era uniformemente ecoico&#46; A RM mostrou n&#243;dulos distribu&#237;dos na superf&#237;cie da pele&#44; tecido subcut&#226;neo e alguns m&#250;sculos&#59; seis casos apresentaram sinal de T1 e T2 longo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; um caso apresentou T1 ligeiramente longo e T2 curto &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; e seis casos apresentaram T1 ligeiramente longo&#46; Realce anormal do contraste foi observado na varredura aprimorada&#46; A cintilografia &#243;ssea de corpo inteiro &#40;cintilografia &#243;ssea com radionucl&#237;deo&#41; mostrou aumento do metabolismo &#243;sseo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Histopatologia</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os 22 casos foram confirmados por histopatologia&#46; Amostras de tecido foram obtidas dos n&#243;dulos localizados ao redor da &#225;rea afetada&#44; incluindo pele e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#46; A histopatologia mostrou l&#250;mens irregulares com crescimento infiltrativo na derme e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#44; alguns l&#250;mens fusionados e comunicantes entre si&#59; foi poss&#237;vel observar gl&#243;bulos vermelhos em alguns l&#250;mens&#46; O endot&#233;lio revestindo o l&#250;men era obviamente heterom&#243;rfico&#44; projetando&#8208;se para o l&#250;men com aspecto de tachinhas&#44; e o n&#250;cleo era grande e apresentava colora&#231;&#227;o escura&#46; Em algumas &#225;reas&#44; as c&#233;lulas tumorais dispunham&#8208;se de forma compacta&#44; com nucl&#233;olos evidentes&#44; mitoses&#44; sangramento e necrose&#46; A imunomarca&#231;&#227;o foi positiva para CD34&#44; CD31 e D2&#8208;40 e negativa para CK&#44; EMA e HHV&#8208;8&#46; A positividade do Ki&#8208;67 variou de 2&#37; a 90&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Tratamento e seguimento</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Depois que os pacientes foram diagnosticados com SST em nosso departamento&#44; eles foram transferidos para os departamentos adequados para cirurgia&#44; radioterapia ou quimioterapia&#46; Os dados de seguimento foram os seguintes&#46; Havia 12 pacientes com SST com linfedema da extremidade superior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41; e dois pacientes foram perdidos no seguimento&#46; Havia nove pacientes com SST e linfedema de membros inferiores &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a>&#41; e quatro foram submetidos a ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa de tumores de membros inferiores&#46; Eles faleceram dois&#44; tr&#234;s e 11 meses ap&#243;s a opera&#231;&#227;o&#44; e um paciente foi perdido no seguimento&#46; Para a totalidade dos pacientes&#44; a mediana da sobrevida foi de 25 meses&#44; e a sobrevida do 3&#176; quartil &#40;Q3&#41; foi de seis meses&#46; A sobrevida dos pacientes amputados foi significantemente maior do que a dos n&#227;o amputados &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve melhora significante na sobrevida com radioterapia&#44; quimioterapia ou ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#40;p &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SST &#233; angiossarcoma raro&#44; com progn&#243;stico ruim&#46; Foi descrito pela primeira vez por Stewart e Treves em 1948 em mulheres com c&#226;ncer de mama tratadas com mastectomia radical&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> A SST geralmente ocorre como complica&#231;&#227;o de linfedema de longa dura&#231;&#227;o do bra&#231;o ap&#243;s dissec&#231;&#227;o de linfonodos axilares p&#243;s&#8208;mastectomia radical e&#47;ou RT para c&#226;ncer de mama&#46; A SST tamb&#233;m pode aparecer em membros inferiores com linfedema cr&#244;nico&#46; &#201; essencial reconhecer les&#245;es suspeitas em membro com linfedema precocemente e realizar bi&#243;psia em raz&#227;o da alta taxa de recorr&#234;ncia local&#44; dissemina&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica&#44; falta de protocolo de tratamento padronizado e baixa taxa de sobrevida em cinco anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SST &#233; neoplasia maligna que se origina de c&#233;lulas endoteliais de vasos sangu&#237;neos ou linf&#225;ticos&#46; Na presen&#231;a de linfedema&#44; ela forma placas ou n&#243;dulos cut&#226;neos e subcut&#226;neos&#44; &#250;nicos ou m&#250;ltiplos&#44; que podem coalescer&#44; de etiologia desconhecida&#46; V&#225;rios estudos mostraram que o linfedema produz imunossupress&#227;o local como resultado da estase do fluido linf&#225;tico e da regula&#231;&#227;o positiva relativa dos fatores de crescimento dentro do microambiente&#46; Considera&#8208;se que isso esteja potencialmente associado ao desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a maligna&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;9</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se que a defici&#234;ncia na drenagem linf&#225;tica aferente impe&#231;a o reconhecimento precoce de ant&#237;genos espec&#237;ficos do tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Quando os mecanismos locais de vigil&#226;ncia imunol&#243;gica falham&#44; a regi&#227;o torna&#8208;se imunologicamente vulner&#225;vel e predisposta ao desenvolvimento do c&#226;ncer&#46; Algumas teorias que tentam explicar o mecanismo foram propostas&#46; Futrell e Myers destacaram o estado imunol&#243;gico que rege a resposta dos hospedeiros animais aos tumores implantados na pele&#44; com ou sem sistema linf&#225;tico intacto&#46; Em seu estudo&#44; embora a solu&#231;&#227;o tumoral n&#227;o tenha induzido malignidade quando injetada em &#225;rea onde os vasos linf&#225;ticos estavam poupados&#44; tumores grandes e letais se desenvolveram sempre que a inje&#231;&#227;o foi aplicada em &#225;rea onde os vasos linf&#225;ticos estavam comprometidos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se tamb&#233;m que a estase cr&#244;nica produza altera&#231;&#245;es locais na composi&#231;&#227;o das prote&#237;nas linf&#225;ticas &#40;diminui&#231;&#227;o da fra&#231;&#227;o alfa&#8208;2 globulina e aumento da rela&#231;&#227;o albumina&#8208;globulina&#41; e que o atraso no transporte de prote&#237;nas do espa&#231;o intersticial para o tecido linf&#225;tico possa alterar a composi&#231;&#227;o antig&#234;nica do tecido e&#47;ou compet&#234;ncia imunol&#243;gica regional&#46; A estase linf&#225;tica e a remodela&#231;&#227;o do tecido conjuntivo levam &#224; imunodefici&#234;ncia local&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a imunodefici&#234;ncia sist&#234;mica ou fatores sist&#234;micos&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es virais potencialmente carcinog&#234;nicas &#40;papilomav&#237;rus humano&#41;&#44; tamb&#233;m explicam a etiologia dos tumores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos anteriores e metan&#225;lises relataram que h&#225; mais mulheres do que homens entre os pacientes com SST&#59; a idade de in&#237;cio &#233; geralmente de meia&#8208;idade e idosos&#44; e h&#225; um n&#250;mero muito pequeno de adolescentes com menos de 18 anos&#46; Os fatores patog&#234;nicos relacionados &#224; SST incluem IMC alto &#40;IMC &#8805; 28&#41;&#44; hist&#243;ria de trauma&#44; desuso do membro&#44; hist&#243;ria de radioterapia&#44; hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna e assim por diante&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;16</span></a> A SST foi mais comumente relatada unilateralmente em extremidade superior&#44; e poucos casos foram relatados em extremidade inferior&#46; O tempo m&#233;dio de evolu&#231;&#227;o do edema dos membros &#224; neoplasia maligna varia de alguns meses a v&#225;rios anos&#44; at&#233; mesmo d&#233;cadas&#46; Alguns pacientes com linfedema sem hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna podem persistir por mais tempo&#46; Alguns estudos relataram que microcirurgia&#44; imunoterapia e medicamentos podem ser eficazes no tratamento da SST&#44; mas a maioria dos esquemas de tratamento ainda enfatiza a import&#226;ncia da cirurgia radical na determina&#231;&#227;o da taxa de sobrevida dos pacientes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> Em estudo realizado no Canad&#225;&#44; a m&#233;dia a idade dos pacientes foi de 61&#44;2 anos&#44; e o tempo m&#233;dio de evolu&#231;&#227;o do linfedema &#224; neoplasia maligna foi de 15&#44;8 anos&#46; Um total de 69&#44;8&#37; dos pacientes tinham hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna e 53&#44;7&#37; tinham hist&#243;ria de radioterapia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Em estudo de Stephen R&#46; Grabmyer et al&#46;&#44; n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a na taxa de sobrevida em longo prazo entre pacientes submetidos a ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa e amputa&#231;&#227;o&#44; mas a taxa de sobrevida em longo prazo de pacientes que receberam quimioterapia e&#47;ou radioterapia foi menor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Em outro estudo&#44; o progn&#243;stico foi significantemente melhorado ap&#243;s seguimento em longo prazo para seis pacientes submetidos &#224; amputa&#231;&#227;o&#46; Portanto&#44; sugere&#8208;se que o tratamento mais eficaz para SST seja a cirurgia ablativa radical&#44; geralmente envolvendo amputa&#231;&#227;o do quarto dianteiro &#40;ou traseiro&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> Nesta an&#225;lise retrospectiva&#44; a m&#233;dia de idade dos 22 pacientes foi de 52&#44;7 anos&#44; e a maioria tinha mais de 35 anos&#46; O tempo m&#233;dio de evolu&#231;&#227;o do linfedema &#224; neoplasia maligna foi de 13 anos &#8211; dado semelhante ao relatado na literatura&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a maioria dos pacientes com SST tinha hist&#243;ria de neoplasia maligna&#44; e foi observado que apenas a amputa&#231;&#227;o pode melhorar o progn&#243;stico dos pacientes&#46; N&#227;o foi encontrada nenhuma diferen&#231;a nas taxas de sobrevida entre os pacientes tratados com quimioterapia e aqueles tratados com radioterapia&#44; o que &#233; consistente com alguns outros estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;24</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada a crescente preval&#234;ncia de linfedema&#44; os m&#233;dicos devem estar cientes da possibilidade de degenera&#231;&#227;o sarcomatosa no linfedema&#46; Havia 19 &#40;86&#44;4&#37;&#41; pacientes com mais de 35 anos no estudo&#59; portanto&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia de tumores malignos deve ser exclu&#237;da quando diagnosticado linfedema tardio&#46; O per&#237;odo de pico para o diagn&#243;stico de STS ocorre entre seis meses e um ano ap&#243;s o linfedema&#44; sugerindo que&#44; para pacientes com linfedema cr&#244;nico de longa dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; &#233; necess&#225;rio realizar seguimento curto &#40;tr&#234;s meses&#44; seis meses&#44; um ano ap&#243;s o linfedema&#41; para identificar les&#245;es malignas o mais r&#225;pido poss&#237;vel&#46; A SST apresenta in&#237;cio agudo e progress&#227;o r&#225;pida&#44; o que resulta em mudan&#231;as na cor da pele&#46; &#192;s vezes&#44; &#233; acompanhada de dor&#44; parestesia&#44; paralisia e fraqueza&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Pacientes com edema grave s&#250;bito ou agravamento &#243;bvio do edema em curto prazo precisam prestar aten&#231;&#227;o especial &#224; possibilidade de linfedema maligno&#46; Os principais componentes do exame f&#237;sico para pacientes com suspeita de SST devem incluir o valor do IMC&#44; distribui&#231;&#227;o do edema&#44; sensibilidade no local do edema&#44; presen&#231;a de edema depress&#237;vel e veias varicosas&#44; quaisquer altera&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas e sinais de doen&#231;a sist&#234;mica&#44; incluindo massa abdominal&#47;p&#233;lvica ou linfadenopatias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Outros sinais tamb&#233;m precisam de aten&#231;&#227;o especial&#58; se h&#225; edema de g&#226;nglios linf&#225;ticos ou massas na regi&#227;o inguinal ou axilar&#59; se h&#225; cianose e altera&#231;&#227;o do refluxo venoso &#40;altera&#231;&#245;es congestivas das veias superficiais&#41; ou compress&#227;o nervosa &#40;com dor local ou fun&#231;&#227;o anormal dos membros afetados&#41;&#59; se h&#225; altera&#231;&#245;es na apar&#234;ncia da pele &#40;erup&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea&#44; mudan&#231;a de cor&#44; necrose ou ulcera&#231;&#227;o etc&#46;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a RM &#233; o procedimento padr&#227;o para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46; Quando os resultados dos exames de imagem s&#227;o anormais&#44; inflama&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rea de drenagem linf&#225;tica e dano tecidual causado pela cirurgia devem ser exclu&#237;dos&#46; Por ser neoplasia pouco diferenciada&#44; a SST requer confirma&#231;&#227;o por imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;28</span></a> A neoplasia mostra positividade para marcadores de c&#233;lulas endoteliais&#44; como fator VIII e anticorpos anti&#8208;CD34 e anti&#8208;CD31 &#8211; este &#250;ltimo o de maior sensibilidade e especificidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora o mecanismo ainda n&#227;o tenha sido comprovado&#44; &#233; amplamente aceito que o linfedema pode induzir a SST&#46; Diagn&#243;stico e tratamento ativos do linfedema&#44; aten&#231;&#227;o especial ao desenvolvimento do linfedema&#44; manuten&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de dos membros e preven&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o medidas que podem ser adotadas para evitar a SST&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals&#8217; Youth Programme &#40;QML20150101&#41;&#44; Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program &#40;PX2020030&#41;&#44; Natural Science Foundation of Capital Medical University &#40;PYZ2017158&#41;&#44; Beijing Shijitan Hospital Fund Capital Medical University &#40;2019&#8208;LB12&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kun Hao&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yuguang Sun&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yan Zhu&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jianfeng Xin&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Li Zhang&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bin Li&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wenbin Shen&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves &#40;SST&#41; &#233; um angiossarcoma associado a linfedema cr&#244;nico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este artigo analisa as caracter&#237;sticas de 22 pacientes e prop&#245;e a interven&#231;&#227;o ativa no linfedema e o diagn&#243;stico precoce de SST&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante 11 anos&#44; 22 pacientes com SST foram diagnosticados no departamento dos autores&#46; Manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas&#44; e s&#233;rie de an&#225;lises convencionais e histopatologia foram utilizados para estudar esses casos retrospectivamente&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A faixa et&#225;ria dos 22 pacientes com SST variou de 15 a 78 anos&#46; As principais manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas inclu&#237;ram m&#250;ltiplos n&#243;dulos cut&#226;neos e subcut&#226;neos e erup&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas vermelhas ou arroxeadas dispersas nos membros linfedematosos&#46; Esses pacientes geralmente apresentavam sintomas cl&#237;nicos como linfedema&#44; fraqueza&#44; emagrecimento&#44; dor&#44; massas&#44; linfadenopatia e assim por diante&#46; As taxas positivas de ultrassonografia&#44; resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica e imagem com radionucl&#237;deos foram de 66&#44;7&#37; &#40;6&#47;9&#41;&#44; 92&#44;3&#37; &#40;12&#47;13&#41; e 18&#44;2&#37; &#40;2&#47;11&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; Os principais pontos relativos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o ativa no linfedema e diagn&#243;stico precoce de SST foram resumidos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Por ser um estudo retrospectivo&#44; os principais pontos sintetizados pelo autor precisam ser mais bem quantificados em trabalhos cl&#237;nicos para orientar o diagn&#243;stico desse tipo de doen&#231;a de modo mais conveniente&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; ensaios cl&#237;nicos adicionais s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avaliar o papel do linfedema na ocorr&#234;ncia e no desenvolvimento de tumores malignos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A SST pode aparecer no tecido linfedematoso muitos anos ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do linfedema&#46; Para evitar atrasos no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da SST&#44; os m&#233;dicos devem procurar ativamente por sinais ou sintomas de linfedema maligno durante o per&#237;odo de seguimento e tratar prontamente os pacientes que desenvolvem problemas&#46;</p></span>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;A&#41; A paciente apresentava linfedema prim&#225;rio de membro inferior esquerdo havia 21 anos&#46; Lipoaspira&#231;&#227;o e ex&#233;rese de les&#245;es locais foram realizadas no membro inferior esquerdo&#46; O angiossarcoma do membro inferior esquerdo foi diagnosticado na histopatologia ap&#243;s a cirurgia&#46; &#40;B&#41; Imagem &#243;ssea antes da cirurgia&#44; em 2014&#46; &#40;C&#41; Imagem &#243;ssea ap&#243;s a cirurgia&#44; em 2016&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica mostrou n&#243;dulos distribu&#237;dos na superf&#237;cie da pele e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#59; sinais T1 e T2 longos&#46; &#40;A&#41; AXI SE T1&#46; &#40;B&#41; AX T2 FSE&#46; &#40;C&#41; AX fs T2 FSE&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica mostrou n&#243;dulos distribu&#237;dos na superf&#237;cie da pele&#44; tecido subcut&#226;neo e alguns m&#250;sculos&#59; T1 ligeiramente longo e sinais em T2 curtos&#46; &#40;A&#41; AX fs T2 FSE&#46; &#40;B&#41; AX fs T2 FSE&#46; &#40;C&#41; AXI SE T1&#46; &#40;D&#41; AX T2 FSE&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avalia&#231;&#227;o imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica na SST&#46; &#40;A&#41; A histopatologia mostrou l&#250;mens irregulares com crescimento infiltrativo na derme e tecido subcut&#226;neo&#44; alguns l&#250;mens fusionados e comunicantes entre si&#59; gl&#243;bulos vermelhos podiam ser vistos em alguns l&#250;mens &#40;200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#41;&#46; &#40;B&#41; O endot&#233;lio revestindo o l&#250;men era obviamente heterom&#243;rfico&#44; projetando&#8208;se no l&#250;men com aspecto de tachinhas&#44; e o n&#250;cleo era grande e escuro &#40;400&#215;&#41;&#46; &#40;C&#41; CD34 positivo &#40;200&#215;&#41;&#46; &#40;D&#41; CD31 positivo &#40;200&#215;&#41;&#46; &#40;E&#41; D2&#8208;40 focalmente positivo &#40;200&#215;&#41;&#46; &#40;F&#41; CK negativo &#40;200&#215;&#41;&#46; &#40;G&#41; EMA negativo &#40;200&#215;&#41;&#46; &#40;H&#41; &#205;ndice ki67 de 15&#37; &#40;200&#215;&#41;&#46;</p>"
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      4 => array:7 [
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Curva de sobrevida para casos de s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves em amputados e n&#227;o amputados&#46; O tempo de sobrevida foi definido como o tempo de sobrevida desde o diagn&#243;stico at&#233; o momento da morte ou final do seguimento&#46; A sobrevida foi calculada utilizando a an&#225;lise de Kaplan&#8208;Meier&#46; Para a s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves&#44; a sobrevida m&#233;dia foi de 25 meses&#44; e a sobrevida do 3&#176; quartil &#40;Q3&#41; foi de seis meses&#46;</p>"
        ]
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                  \t\t\t\t">61&#8208;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Linfadenopatia e n&#243;dulo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">58&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dor de membro superior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fluido de percola&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vermelhid&#227;o e alta temperatura da pele&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SST com linfedema de membro inferior &#40;nove casos&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Linfedema de membro inferior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Linfadenopatia e n&#243;dulo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Equimose e erup&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;nea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dor de membro inferior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fluido de percola&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vermelhid&#227;o e alta temperatura da pele&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SST com edema sist&#234;mico &#40;um caso&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edema de membro inferior direito&#44; regi&#227;o perineal&#44; membro superior esquerdo e hemiface esquerda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Discinesia do membro superior esquerdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dor do membro superior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#243;dulo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sobreviveu sem progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a por 139 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 48 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Met&#225;stase pulmonar em dois meses e morte em seis meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amputa&#231;&#227;o &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 26 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em sete meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Radioterapia &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 40 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em tr&#234;s meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 19 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Radioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 25 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 35 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perda de seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perda de seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3171272.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tratamento e seguimento da s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves com linfedema de membros superiores</p>"
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabela "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Na&#44; n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 31 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; amputa&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sobreviveu por 72 meses com met&#225;stase pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 11 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; amputa&#231;&#227;o &#43; radioterapia &#43; quimioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sobreviveu por 41 meses&#44; com met&#225;stase lombar e pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em dois meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em tr&#234;s meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Na&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em quatro meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perda de seguimento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ressec&#231;&#227;o extensa &#43; amputa&#231;&#227;o &#43; radioterapia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Morte em 26 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tratamento e seguimento da s&#237;ndrome de Stewart&#8208;Treves com linfedema de membros inferiores</p>"
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