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compatible with chromoblastomycosis&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the direct examination of biopsy fragments in 20&#37; KOH&#44; septate demaceous hyphae and isolated yeast cells in pairs were observed&#44; as well as some gemmule structures&#46; In culture&#44; on Mycosel agar &#40;DIFCO&#174;&#41; and Sabouraud dextrose agar &#40;DIFCO&#174;&#41; with chloramphenicol &#40;0&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;L&#41;&#44; a blackened colony growth was observed&#59; in microculture&#44; phenotypic findings compatible with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinocladiella</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sp&#46;</span> were observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> A and B&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; aquaspersa</span> was confirmed through amplification and sequencing of the intergenic spacer &#40;ITS&#41; 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vegetables&#44; plants&#44; and wood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> The main etiological agents are from the genera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fonsecaea</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cladophialophora</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phialophora</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinocladiella&#44;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exophiala</span>&#46; Inoculation occurs after trauma with contaminated material&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The condition most frequently affects men between 40 and 50 years of age&#44; being considered a cosmopolitan disease&#44; with greater prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In Brazil&#44; 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followed by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fonsecaea</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nubica</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinocladiella aquaspersa</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the literature consulted&#44; this is the second case with isolated involvement of the auricle caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; aquaspersa</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the Amazon region&#44; the differential diagnosis must include Jorge Lobo&#39;s disease&#44; leprosy&#44; anergic leishmaniasis&#44; cutaneous tuberculosis&#44; and paracoccidioidomycosis&#46; Histopathological and mycological exams are essential for diagnosis&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several treatments are indicated for chromoblastomycosis&#46; For localized lesions&#44; surgical excision&#44; cryotherapy&#44; or thermotherapy are recommended&#59; for more extensive cases&#44; systemic and immunoadjuvant antifungals are recommended&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a> Among systemic antifungals&#44; itraconazole&#44; posaconazole&#44; voriconazole&#44; and isavuconazole are used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The literature reports two cases of chromoblastomycosis in auricular locations&#44; which presented complete regression after treatment with flucytosine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and itraconazole<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> for 12 and 10 weeks&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are reports of a good therapeutic response with the association of systemic antifungals and topical immunoadjuvants&#44; such as imiquimod&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Financial support</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Elaine Dias Melo&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; obtaining&#44; analyzing&#44; and interpreting the data&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patr&#237;cia Motta de Morais&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">D&#233;bora Cristina de Lima Fernandes&#58; Elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paula Frassinetti Bessa Rebello&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with chronic evolution that mainly affects the lower limbs and&#44; less frequently&#44; the auricles&#46; Clinically&#44; it presents with papillary verrucous&#44; nodular&#44; and&#47;or tumoral lesions&#44; whether isolated or infiltrated&#44; forming plaques and&#44; sometimes&#44; atrophic in some areas&#46; Histopathologically&#44; it is characterized by a dermal granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate&#44; and the diagnosis can be confirmed by the presence of fumagoid bodies in anatomopathological or direct mycological exams&#46; The treatment to be indicated will depend on the extent and location of the lesions&#44; using systemic antifungals&#44; surgical removal&#44; cryotherapy&#44; thermotherapy&#44; and immunoadjuvants&#46; The present study reports an atypical presentation of chromoblastomycosis on the auricle&#46;</p></span>"
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What is your diagnosis?
Case for diagnosis. Pruritic erythematosquamous lesion in the auricle
Elaine Dias Meloa,
Corresponding author
e.dmelo@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, Patrícia Motta de Moraisb, Débora Cristina de Lima Fernandesc, Paula Frassinetti Bessa Rebellod
a Teaching and Research Department, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
b Department of Histopathology, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
c Laboratory of Mycology, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
d Department of Tropical Dermatology, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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compatible with chromoblastomycosis&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the direct examination of biopsy fragments in 20&#37; KOH&#44; septate demaceous hyphae and isolated yeast cells in pairs were observed&#44; as well as some gemmule structures&#46; In culture&#44; on Mycosel agar &#40;DIFCO&#174;&#41; and Sabouraud dextrose agar &#40;DIFCO&#174;&#41; with chloramphenicol &#40;0&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;L&#41;&#44; a blackened colony growth was observed&#59; in microculture&#44; phenotypic findings compatible with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinocladiella</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sp&#46;</span> were observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> A and B&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; aquaspersa</span> was confirmed through amplification and sequencing of the intergenic spacer &#40;ITS&#41; region of the ribosomal DNA &#40;rDNA&#41; using the polymerase chain reaction &#40;PCR&#41; technique&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After confirmation of the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis&#44; itraconazole &#40;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#41; was initiated&#59; the patient presented significant improvement after 25 days and almost complete remission in ten weeks &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a> A and B&#41;&#46; The patient remains under outpatient follow-up&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by demaceous fungi of the order Chaetothyriales&#44; family Herpotrichiellaceae&#44; found in decomposing soil&#44; vegetables&#44; plants&#44; and wood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> The main etiological agents are from the genera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fonsecaea</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cladophialophora</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phialophora</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinocladiella&#44;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exophiala</span>&#46; Inoculation occurs after trauma with contaminated material&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The condition most frequently affects men between 40 and 50 years of age&#44; being considered a cosmopolitan disease&#44; with greater prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In Brazil&#44; it occurs in most states&#44; with a predominance in the Amazon region&#44; particularly in the state of Par&#225;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The disease mainly affects the lower limbs&#46; In cases with long evolution&#44; association with lymphedema is common&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;6</span></a> In Japan&#44; the most common locations involved are the upper limbs&#44; face&#44; and cervical region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Reports of manifestations exclusively on the auricle are rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;6&#8211;10</span></a> Among the cases reported in this topography&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fonsecaea</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pedrosoi</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;10</span></a> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phialophora</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">verrucosa</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> were the most commonly identified agents&#44; followed by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fonsecaea</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nubica</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rhinocladiella aquaspersa</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the literature consulted&#44; this is the second case with isolated involvement of the auricle caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; aquaspersa</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the Amazon region&#44; the differential diagnosis must include Jorge Lobo&#39;s disease&#44; leprosy&#44; anergic leishmaniasis&#44; cutaneous tuberculosis&#44; and paracoccidioidomycosis&#46; Histopathological and mycological exams are essential for diagnosis&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several treatments are indicated for chromoblastomycosis&#46; For localized lesions&#44; surgical excision&#44; cryotherapy&#44; or thermotherapy are recommended&#59; for more extensive cases&#44; systemic and immunoadjuvant antifungals are recommended&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a> Among systemic antifungals&#44; itraconazole&#44; posaconazole&#44; voriconazole&#44; and isavuconazole are used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The literature reports two cases of chromoblastomycosis in auricular locations&#44; which presented complete regression after treatment with flucytosine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and itraconazole<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> for 12 and 10 weeks&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are reports of a good therapeutic response with the association of systemic antifungals and topical immunoadjuvants&#44; such as imiquimod&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Financial support</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Elaine Dias Melo&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; obtaining&#44; analyzing&#44; and interpreting the data&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patr&#237;cia Motta de Morais&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">D&#233;bora Cristina de Lima Fernandes&#58; Elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paula Frassinetti Bessa Rebello&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with chronic evolution that mainly affects the lower limbs and&#44; less frequently&#44; the auricles&#46; Clinically&#44; it presents with papillary verrucous&#44; nodular&#44; and&#47;or tumoral lesions&#44; whether isolated or infiltrated&#44; forming plaques and&#44; sometimes&#44; atrophic in some areas&#46; Histopathologically&#44; it is characterized by a dermal granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate&#44; and the diagnosis can be confirmed by the presence of fumagoid bodies in anatomopathological or direct mycological exams&#46; The treatment to be indicated will depend on the extent and location of the lesions&#44; using systemic antifungals&#44; surgical removal&#44; cryotherapy&#44; thermotherapy&#44; and immunoadjuvants&#46; The present study reports an atypical presentation of chromoblastomycosis on the auricle&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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