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que demonstrou correla&#231;&#227;o da espessura do melanoma com risco de recorr&#234;ncia e met&#225;stase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> A medida microm&#233;trica de Breslow tornou&#8208;se o fator mais importante para progn&#243;stico e conduta&#44; utilizado amplamente e correspondendo ao principal fator para os sistemas de estadiamento&#44; incluindo o da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">American Joint Committee on Cancer</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> A medida de Breslow &#233; mensurada utilizando&#8208;se micr&#244;metro ocular calibrado&#44; desde a por&#231;&#227;o mais superficial da camada granulosa at&#233; a por&#231;&#227;o mais profunda do tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> Entretanto&#44; a medida de Breslow apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; 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Nos casos ulcerados em que havia epiderme intacta suprajacente &#224; &#225;rea de invas&#227;o mais profunda&#44; n&#227;o houve influ&#234;ncia da ulcera&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; medida do Breslow&#46; Nos casos com ulcera&#231;&#227;o extensa&#44; ambas as medidas foram realizadas a partir da base da &#250;lcera &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram&#58; melanomas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span> ou finos &#40;com menos de 1&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de espessura&#41;&#44; met&#225;stases&#44; discord&#226;ncia diagn&#243;stica entre patologistas e aqueles cujos blocos de parafina estavam faltando ou cujos materiais eram escassos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com os dados obtidos&#44; inicialmente foi feita an&#225;lise descritiva com o c&#225;lculo de m&#233;dia&#44; desvio padr&#227;o&#44; valores m&#237;nimo&#44; m&#225;ximo e mediana para as vari&#225;veis quantitativas e frequ&#234;ncias e porcentagens para as vari&#225;veis categorizadas&#46; Considerando a sobrevida em meses&#44; foram obtidas as curvas de Kaplan&#8208;Meier seguido do teste de log&#8208;rank para as vari&#225;veis de interesse&#46; No caso de vari&#225;veis com mais de duas categorias&#44; as curvas foram comparadas pelo teste de Sidak&#46; Fatores de risco para a sobrevida considerando vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram obtidos por meio do ajuste do modelo de Cox&#46; Para o linfonodo como vari&#225;vel resposta&#44; foi ajustado modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica considerando valores de Breslow e Breslow modificado como vari&#225;veis explanat&#243;rias&#46; Associa&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis categorizadas foram avaliadas pelo teste qui&#8208;quadrado&#46; Em todos os testes foi fixado o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5&#37; ou o p&#8208;valor correspondente&#46; Todas as an&#225;lises foram feitas pelo programa SAS para Windows&#44; v&#46;9&#46;4&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa &#40;CEP&#41; do Hospital Amaral Carvalho &#40;CAAE&#160;52618721&#46;0&#46;3001&#46;5434&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 275 casos de melanoma diagnosticados de 2008 a 2021 e que foram submetidos &#224; biopsia de linfonodo sentinela foram analisados&#46; Desses&#44; 141 &#40;51&#44;27&#37;&#41; eram homens e 134 &#40;48&#44;73&#37;&#41;&#44; mulheres&#46; A idade teve mediana de 63 anos &#40;14&#8211;97 anos&#41;&#46; A medida microm&#233;trica de Breslow teve mediana de 3&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;1&#44;0&#8211;27&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#44; enquanto a medida de Breslow modificada teve mediana de 3&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;0&#44;5&#8211;26&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46; A mediana do tempo de sobrevida foi de dois anos &#40;0 a 13 anos&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 275 casos&#44; 138 &#40;50&#44;18&#37;&#41; apresentaram met&#225;stase para linfonodo sentinela&#46; Quanto ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico da les&#227;o&#44; 100 casos &#40;36&#44;36&#37;&#41; localizavam&#8208;se em &#225;reas n&#227;o expostas ao sol&#44; 84 casos &#40;30&#44;54&#37;&#41; em &#225;reas expostas ao sol&#44; 78 &#40;28&#44;36&#37;&#41; em regi&#227;o acral e 13 &#40;4&#44;72&#37;&#41; em &#225;reas n&#227;o especificadas&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao subtipo histol&#243;gico&#44; 101 casos &#40;36&#44;72&#37;&#41; eram melanomas do tipo extensivo superficial&#44; 95 casos &#40;34&#44;54&#37;&#41; do tipo nodular&#44; 75 casos &#40;27&#44;27&#37;&#41; do tipo acral&#44; um caso &#40;0&#44;36&#37;&#41; do tipo lentigo maligno melanoma e tr&#234;s casos &#40;1&#44;09&#37;&#41; eram de outros subtipos mais raros ou inclassific&#225;veis&#46; Dos 244 casos com informa&#231;&#245;es sobre ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; 144 &#40;59&#44;02&#37;&#41; apresentavam ulcera&#231;&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados da an&#225;lise do modelo de Cox para avaliar o impacto dos diferentes m&#233;todos de mensura&#231;&#227;o da espessura do melanoma &#40;medida de Breslow e medida de Breslow modificada&#41; na sobrevida revelam que ambos os m&#233;todos s&#227;o estatisticamente significantes&#46; Para a medida de Breslow convencional&#44; obteve&#8208;se valor de qui&#8208;quadrado de 59&#44;40&#59; valor&#8208;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; HR de 1&#44;121&#46; Para a medida de Breslow modificada&#44; obteve&#8208;se um qui&#8208;quadrado de 57&#44;66&#59; valor&#8208;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; HR de 1&#44;119 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; A regress&#227;o log&#237;stica revelou associa&#231;&#227;o significante entre ambas as mensura&#231;&#245;es &#40;medida de Breslow convencional e modificada&#41; e a presen&#231;a de met&#225;stase em linfonodos sentinelas&#46; A medida de Breslow apresentou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; de 1&#44;189 &#40;95&#37;IC 1&#44;111&#8211;1&#44;271&#59; valor p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Do mesmo modo&#44; a medida de Breslow modificada apresentou OR de 1&#44;19 &#40;95&#37;IC 1&#44;112&#8211;1&#44;273&#59; valor p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise do tempo de sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela &#40;positivo ou negativo para met&#225;stase&#41; foi realizada por meio dos testes log&#8208;rank &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 39&#44;49&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; Wilcoxon &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 40&#44;54&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2Log&#40;LR&#41; &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 48&#44;24&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figura 3</a>&#46; Da mesma maneira&#44; na an&#225;lise de sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; foram realizados os testes log&#8208;rank &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 11&#44;56&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0007&#41;&#44; Wilcoxon &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 12&#44;61&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0004&#41; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2Log&#40;LR&#41; &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 12&#44;92&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0003&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figura 4</a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o significante com met&#225;stases em linfonodos sentinelas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0019&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise de sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico n&#227;o revelou resultados significantes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#46; O teste log&#8208;rank obteve qui&#8208;quadrado de 2&#44;9495 com DF 2&#44; e valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;2288&#46; No ajuste para m&#250;ltiplas compara&#231;&#245;es por meio do teste de Sidak&#44; nenhuma das compara&#231;&#245;es pareadas entre os s&#237;tios anat&#244;micos atingiu signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o entre s&#237;tios expostos ao sol &#40;E&#41; e n&#227;o expostos &#40;NE&#41; obteve valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;6668 &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 1&#44;0447&#41;&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o entre s&#237;tios E e acrais resultou em valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;2427 &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 2&#44;9014&#41;&#46; Por fim&#44; a compara&#231;&#227;o entre s&#237;tios NE e acrais produziu valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;9014 &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 0&#44;3791&#41;&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com met&#225;stases linfonodo sentinela&#44; a an&#225;lise tamb&#233;m n&#227;o demonstrou diferen&#231;as significantes &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1217&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao considerar a sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o aos subtipos histol&#243;gicos do melanoma&#44; o teste log&#8208;rank detectou diferen&#231;as significantes na taxa de sobrevida entre diferentes subtipos &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 13&#44;11&#59; DF 4 e valor&#8208;p 0&#44;0107&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">figura 6</a> Em rela&#231;&#227;o a met&#225;stases em linfonodo sentinela&#44; n&#227;o houve associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante entre o subtipo histol&#243;gico &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0735&#41; e o status do linfonodo sentinela&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a medida de Breslow modificada &#40;mensurada a partir da membrana basal em vez da camada granulosa&#41; foi capaz de predizer o tempo de sobrevida e o resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#44; assim como a medida de Breslow convencional&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medida de Breslow apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Quando a les&#227;o &#233; ulcerada&#44; a medida come&#231;a desde a base da &#250;lcera&#46; Nesses casos&#44; a espessura poder&#225; estar subestimada&#44; pois n&#227;o se est&#225; levando em conta a quantidade de tumor perdida em virtude da ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#46; Tamb&#233;m os par&#226;metros atuais para estadiamento dos melanomas n&#227;o levam em considera&#231;&#227;o a espessura da epiderme para mensura&#231;&#227;o do Breslow&#46; Sabe&#8208;se que&#44; por exemplo&#44; a pele acral apresenta epiderme mais espessa&#44; enquanto algumas &#225;reas da face&#44; como a pele da regi&#227;o posterior da orelha&#44; t&#234;m epiderme mais fina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> Nesse contexto&#44; casos de lentigo maligno melanoma&#44; cuja epiderme &#233; geralmente atr&#243;fica&#44; podem apresentar Breslow menores que casos de melanomas acrais &#40;visto que a epiderme da regi&#227;o acral &#233; espessa&#41;&#44; ainda que ambos apresentem acometimento de estratos na derme semelhantes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">fig&#46; 7</a>&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a medida de Breslow apenas pode ser avaliada de maneira acurada em cortes perpendiculares &#224; superf&#237;cie da epiderme&#46; Caso haja extens&#227;o perianexial do melanoma e esse represente o &#250;nico foco de invas&#227;o&#44; a melhor metodologia para essa mensura&#231;&#227;o se torna question&#225;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> A medida de Breslow modificada&#44; proposta neste estudo&#44; n&#227;o &#233; afetada pelas varia&#231;&#245;es da espessura da epiderme nos diferentes s&#237;tios anat&#244;micos&#44; nem pela presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de ulcera&#231;&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">fig&#46; 7</a>&#41;&#46; Essa abordagem pode apresentar maior const&#226;ncia&#44; sofrendo menos varia&#231;&#245;es e demonstrando boa reprodutibilidade entre patologistas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados tamb&#233;m corroboram que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela tem efeito significante na sobrevida dos pacientes com melanoma&#59; a presen&#231;a de met&#225;stase em linfonodo sentinela est&#225; associada &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo de sobrevida&#44; estando de acordo com outros trabalhos como o de Tejera&#8208;Vaquerizo et al&#46;&#44; que analisou 4&#46;249 casos de melanomas finos e encontrou que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela &#233; o fator progn&#243;stico mais importante para a sobrevida melanoma espec&#237;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Jafari et al&#46;&#44; em um estudo com 1&#46;111 pacientes&#44; mostraram que aqueles que n&#227;o apresentavam met&#225;stases para linfonodo sentinela apresentaram sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a mais longa do que os que apresentavam met&#225;stase&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; nos pacientes com melanoma de espessura intermedi&#225;ria &#40;1&#44;0 a 4&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#44; foi encontrada melhor sobrevida global naqueles com linfonodo sentinela negativo para met&#225;stases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Outro estudo&#44; entretanto&#44; mostrou que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela &#233; fator progn&#243;stico independente para sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o para sobrevida global em an&#225;lise multivariada em 309 casos de melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Lemos et al&#46;&#44; em estudo com 43 pacientes com melanoma espesso &#40;&#62; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; n&#227;o demonstraram signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela na sobrevida global&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; a ulcera&#231;&#227;o teve impacto significante na sobrevida dos pacientes&#44; indicando sobrevida menor naqueles com ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#46; Esses resultados est&#227;o em concord&#226;ncia com outros estudos&#44; como o de Sarpa et al&#46;&#44; com 235 pacientes&#44; que demonstraram correla&#231;&#227;o significante entre a extens&#227;o da ulcera&#231;&#227;o e a sobrevida global&#44; bem como o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> E o trabalho de Hout et al&#46;&#44; que mostrou que tanto a presen&#231;a quanto a extens&#227;o da ulcera&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o preditores independentes da sobrevida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico do melanoma&#44; nosso estudo n&#227;o demonstrou haver impacto significante na sobrevida dos pacientes&#44; tampouco associa&#231;&#227;o com o resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#46; Esses resultados est&#227;o em desacordo com outros estudos&#44; como o de Callender et al&#46;&#44; com 2&#46;500 pacientes&#44; que demonstrou que o s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico &#233; preditor independente para o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela bem como para a sobrevida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> E o de Howard et al&#46;&#44; que demonstrou que s&#237;tios com exposi&#231;&#227;o solar intermitente ou cr&#244;nica apresentaram melhores sobrevidas comparada aos s&#237;tios raramente expostos ao sol&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">E em rela&#231;&#227;o ao subtipo histol&#243;gico&#44; houve diferen&#231;as estat&#237;sticas significantes na taxa de sobrevida entre diferentes subtipos histol&#243;gicos &#40;Curva de Kaplan&#8208;Meier&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante entre o subtipo histol&#243;gico e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela&#46; O estudo de Buja et al&#46; mostrou que o subtipo histol&#243;gico &#233; fator de risco independente para &#243;bito&#59; o subtipo nodular &#233; o que apresenta pior sobrevida melanoma espec&#237;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Sharouni et al&#46; mostraram em um estudo com 48&#46;361 pacientes que os subtipos nodular e acral lentiginoso apresentam sobrevida pior do que os subtipos extensivo superficial e lentigo maligno melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> J&#225; o trabalho de Robsahm et al&#46; n&#227;o demonstrou o subtipo histol&#243;gico como preditor independente de sobrevida melanoma espec&#237;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo &#233; sua natureza retrospectiva&#44; o n&#250;mero limitado de casos totais&#44; o n&#250;mero de casos ulcerados e a elevada frequ&#234;ncia de casos em est&#225;dio avan&#231;ado&#46; Por uma caracter&#237;stica do perfil do servi&#231;o&#44; foram observados tamb&#233;m&#44; comparativamente a outros estudos&#44; muitos casos de melanoma acral e melanoma nodular&#44; e apenas um caso de lentigo maligno melanoma&#46; Apesar disso&#44; &#233; o primeiro trabalho a propor a possibilidade de adapta&#231;&#227;o na maneira de mensurar o Breslow&#46; O presente estudo demonstrou que a medida de Breslow modificada&#44; ou seja&#44; mensurada a partir da membrana basal em vez da camada granulosa&#44; &#233; capaz de predizer o progn&#243;stico&#44; bem como a medida de Breslow convencional&#46; Entretanto&#44; mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para validar este m&#233;todo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo &#40;processo n&#176;&#160;2021&#47;09431&#8208;0&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcel Arakaki Asato&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisco Alves Moares Neto&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcelo Padovani de Toledo Moraes&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juliana Polizel Ocanha&#8208;Xavier&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luiz Carlos Takita&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariangela Esther Alencar Marques&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; C&#226;ndido Caldeira Xavier&#8208;J&#250;nior&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O melanoma cut&#226;neo &#233; neoplasia com alta taxa de mortalidade e risco de met&#225;stases para &#243;rg&#227;os &#224; dist&#226;ncia&#46; A medida microm&#233;trica de Breslow &#233; considerada o mais importante fator para avalia&#231;&#227;o de progn&#243;stico e conduta&#44; mensurada a partir da camada granulosa at&#233; a por&#231;&#227;o mais profunda da neoplasia&#46; Apesar de sua ampla utiliza&#231;&#227;o&#44; a medida da espessura de Breslow apresenta algumas imprecis&#245;es&#44; como n&#227;o considerar as varia&#231;&#245;es da espessura da epiderme nas diferentes localiza&#231;&#245;es do corpo ou quando h&#225; ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar a aplicabilidade de medida de Breslow modificada&#44; mensurada a partir da membrana basal em vez da camada granulosa&#44; na tentativa de predizer o resultado do linfonodo sentinela e da sobrevida dos pacientes com melanoma&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizada an&#225;lise retrospectiva e transversal com base na avalia&#231;&#227;o de l&#226;minas coradas pela hematoxilina &#38; eosina de 275 casos de melanoma submetidos &#224; biopsia de linfonodo sentinela de 2008 a 2021 em um centro de refer&#234;ncia no Brasil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise do modelo de Cox para avaliar o impacto da espessura de Breslow e da espessura de Breslow modificada na sobrevida revelaram que ambos os m&#233;todos s&#227;o estatisticamente significantes&#46; A regress&#227;o log&#237;stica revelou associa&#231;&#227;o significante entre ambas as mensura&#231;&#245;es e a presen&#231;a de met&#225;stase em linfonodos sentinelas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A medida da profundidade do melanoma a partir da membrana basal &#40;medida de Breslow modificada&#41; &#233; capaz de predizer o tempo de sobrevida e o resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#44; assim como a espessura de Breslow convencional&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">141 &#40;51&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade &#40;anos&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8 &#40;1&#44;0&#8211;27&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;0&#8211;158&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Positivo para met&#225;stase&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">138 &#40;50&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Negativo para met&#225;stase&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">137 &#40;49&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#193;reas expostas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;30&#44;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;28&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o especificado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;4&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Subtipo histol&#243;gico&#44; n&#160;&#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanoma extensivo superficial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101 &#40;36&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanoma nodular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95 &#40;34&#44;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanoma acral lentiginoso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;27&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lentigo maligno melanoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outros</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; n&#160;&#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">144 &#40;59&#44;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ausente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;40&#44;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise descritiva das caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico patol&#243;gicas dos casos</p>"
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      ]
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                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Qui&#8208;quadrado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#62; Qui&#8208;quadrado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37;&#160;IC da HR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Breslow&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;11437&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01484&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">59&#44;4019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;121&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;089&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;154&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Breslow modificado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;11255&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01482&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">57&#44;6687&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;119&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;087&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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            0 => array:2 [
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;vel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Breslow &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;189&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;111&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;271&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Breslow modificado &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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Proposta de aplicabilidade do Breslow modificado (medido a partir da membrana basal) como forma de predizer a sobrevida e o resultado do linfonodo sentinela de pacientes com melanoma cutâneo
Marcel Arakaki Asatoa,b, Francisco Alves Moares Netoc, Marcelo Padovani de Toledo Moraesb, Juliana Polizel Ocanha‐Xavierb, Luiz Carlos Takitaa, Mariangela Esther Alencar Marquesb, José Cândido Caldeira Xavier‐Júniorb,d,e,
Autor para correspondência
josecandidojr@yahoo.com.br

Autor para correspondência.
a Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
b Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
c Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Amaral Carvalho, Jaú, SP, Brasil
d Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Unisalesiano Auxilium, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
e Departamento de Dermatopatologia, Instituto de Patologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nos casos com ulcera&#231;&#227;o extensa&#44; a medida de Breslow modificada &#233; feita a partir da base da &#250;lcera&#44; assim como na medida de Breslow convencional&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O melanoma cut&#226;neo &#233; neoplasia que surge de melan&#243;citos e&#44; em est&#225;dio avan&#231;ado&#44; frequentemente leva a met&#225;stases para &#243;rg&#227;os distantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A incid&#234;ncia de melanoma tem aumentado nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas em popula&#231;&#245;es de pele clara&#44; provavelmente relacionada ao comportamento recreacional e exposi&#231;&#227;o solar&#46; Acredita&#8208;se que ele surja como consequ&#234;ncia de uma complexa intera&#231;&#227;o de fatores ambientais e constitucionais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A profundidade de invas&#227;o como fator progn&#243;stico foi reportada por Alexander Breslow em 1970&#44; que demonstrou correla&#231;&#227;o da espessura do melanoma com risco de recorr&#234;ncia e met&#225;stase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> A medida microm&#233;trica de Breslow tornou&#8208;se o fator mais importante para progn&#243;stico e conduta&#44; utilizado amplamente e correspondendo ao principal fator para os sistemas de estadiamento&#44; incluindo o da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">American Joint Committee on Cancer</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> A medida de Breslow &#233; mensurada utilizando&#8208;se micr&#244;metro ocular calibrado&#44; desde a por&#231;&#227;o mais superficial da camada granulosa at&#233; a por&#231;&#227;o mais profunda do tumor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> Entretanto&#44; a medida de Breslow apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Por exemplo&#44; quando h&#225; presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; a medida de Breslow pode ser subestimada em virtude da quantidade de tumor perdido que n&#227;o &#233; levado em considera&#231;&#227;o&#59; e&#44; quando h&#225; aus&#234;ncia da camada granulosa&#44; como ocorre na regi&#227;o ungueal&#44; a mensura&#231;&#227;o pode ser desafiadora&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a medida de Breslow n&#227;o leva em conta as varia&#231;&#245;es de espessura da epiderme normal nos diferentes s&#237;tios anat&#244;micos&#44; podendo mostrar diferen&#231;as mesmo quando o componente invasivo tem espessura semelhante&#44; j&#225; que inclui a espessura total da epiderme&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A profundidade de invas&#227;o tamb&#233;m &#233; fator progn&#243;stico do carcinoma de c&#233;lulas escamosas do colo uterino&#44; por exemplo&#46; Nesse tumor&#44; contudo&#44; a profundidade de invas&#227;o do tumor &#233; medida a partir da base do epit&#233;lio&#44; n&#227;o havendo influ&#234;ncia da espessura do epit&#233;lio ou da presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo deste estudo &#233; avaliar a aplicabilidade da medida de Breslow modificada&#44; mensurada a partir da membrana basal em vez da camada granulosa&#44; na tentativa de predizer o resultado do linfonodo sentinela e da sobrevida dos pacientes com melanoma cut&#226;neo de maneira comparada &#224; medida do Breslow realizada do modo cl&#225;ssico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; objetiva&#8208;se avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela &#40;positivo ou negativo para met&#225;stases&#41;&#44; presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o e o tempo de sobrevida&#59; e as rela&#231;&#245;es entre s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico e subtipo histol&#243;gico com a sobrevida e resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Materiais e m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este &#233; um estudo retrospectivo e transversal que analisou l&#226;minas coradas com HE de biopsias de pele fixadas em formalina e emblocadas em parafina&#44; coletados de les&#245;es prim&#225;rias de melanoma no Hospital Amaral Carvalho de 2008 a 2021&#46; Informa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e histopatol&#243;gicas &#40;sexo&#44; idade&#44; localiza&#231;&#227;o&#44; resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#44; tempo de sobrevida e presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#41; foram coletadas dos relat&#243;rios patol&#243;gicos armazenados nos sistemas digitais da institui&#231;&#227;o participante&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; topografia da les&#227;o&#44; os casos foram divididos em&#58; &#225;reas n&#227;o expostas ao sol &#40;t&#243;rax anterior&#44; t&#243;rax posterior&#44; abdome&#44; regi&#227;o genital e por&#231;&#227;o proximal dos membros&#41;&#44; &#225;reas expostas ao sol &#40;cabe&#231;a&#44; pesco&#231;o e por&#231;&#227;o distal dos membros&#44; exceto regi&#227;o acral&#41; e regi&#227;o acral &#40;palmas&#44; plantas e dedos&#41;&#46; A an&#225;lise microsc&#243;pica &#40;tipo histol&#243;gico&#59; medida de Breslow&#59; medida de Breslow modificada&#41; foi realizada por dois patologistas&#46; A medida de Breslow foi mensurada de modo convencional&#44; desde a camada granulosa at&#233; a por&#231;&#227;o mais profunda da neoplasia&#44; enquanto a medida de Breslow modificada foi mensurada a partir da membrana basal at&#233; a por&#231;&#227;o mais profunda do tumor&#44; desconsiderando&#8208;se o componente <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span>&#46; Nos casos ulcerados em que havia epiderme intacta suprajacente &#224; &#225;rea de invas&#227;o mais profunda&#44; n&#227;o houve influ&#234;ncia da ulcera&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; medida do Breslow&#46; Nos casos com ulcera&#231;&#227;o extensa&#44; ambas as medidas foram realizadas a partir da base da &#250;lcera &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram&#58; melanomas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span> ou finos &#40;com menos de 1&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de espessura&#41;&#44; met&#225;stases&#44; discord&#226;ncia diagn&#243;stica entre patologistas e aqueles cujos blocos de parafina estavam faltando ou cujos materiais eram escassos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com os dados obtidos&#44; inicialmente foi feita an&#225;lise descritiva com o c&#225;lculo de m&#233;dia&#44; desvio padr&#227;o&#44; valores m&#237;nimo&#44; m&#225;ximo e mediana para as vari&#225;veis quantitativas e frequ&#234;ncias e porcentagens para as vari&#225;veis categorizadas&#46; Considerando a sobrevida em meses&#44; foram obtidas as curvas de Kaplan&#8208;Meier seguido do teste de log&#8208;rank para as vari&#225;veis de interesse&#46; No caso de vari&#225;veis com mais de duas categorias&#44; as curvas foram comparadas pelo teste de Sidak&#46; Fatores de risco para a sobrevida considerando vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram obtidos por meio do ajuste do modelo de Cox&#46; Para o linfonodo como vari&#225;vel resposta&#44; foi ajustado modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica considerando valores de Breslow e Breslow modificado como vari&#225;veis explanat&#243;rias&#46; Associa&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis categorizadas foram avaliadas pelo teste qui&#8208;quadrado&#46; Em todos os testes foi fixado o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5&#37; ou o p&#8208;valor correspondente&#46; Todas as an&#225;lises foram feitas pelo programa SAS para Windows&#44; v&#46;9&#46;4&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa &#40;CEP&#41; do Hospital Amaral Carvalho &#40;CAAE&#160;52618721&#46;0&#46;3001&#46;5434&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 275 casos de melanoma diagnosticados de 2008 a 2021 e que foram submetidos &#224; biopsia de linfonodo sentinela foram analisados&#46; Desses&#44; 141 &#40;51&#44;27&#37;&#41; eram homens e 134 &#40;48&#44;73&#37;&#41;&#44; mulheres&#46; A idade teve mediana de 63 anos &#40;14&#8211;97 anos&#41;&#46; A medida microm&#233;trica de Breslow teve mediana de 3&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;1&#44;0&#8211;27&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#44; enquanto a medida de Breslow modificada teve mediana de 3&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;0&#44;5&#8211;26&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46; A mediana do tempo de sobrevida foi de dois anos &#40;0 a 13 anos&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 275 casos&#44; 138 &#40;50&#44;18&#37;&#41; apresentaram met&#225;stase para linfonodo sentinela&#46; Quanto ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico da les&#227;o&#44; 100 casos &#40;36&#44;36&#37;&#41; localizavam&#8208;se em &#225;reas n&#227;o expostas ao sol&#44; 84 casos &#40;30&#44;54&#37;&#41; em &#225;reas expostas ao sol&#44; 78 &#40;28&#44;36&#37;&#41; em regi&#227;o acral e 13 &#40;4&#44;72&#37;&#41; em &#225;reas n&#227;o especificadas&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao subtipo histol&#243;gico&#44; 101 casos &#40;36&#44;72&#37;&#41; eram melanomas do tipo extensivo superficial&#44; 95 casos &#40;34&#44;54&#37;&#41; do tipo nodular&#44; 75 casos &#40;27&#44;27&#37;&#41; do tipo acral&#44; um caso &#40;0&#44;36&#37;&#41; do tipo lentigo maligno melanoma e tr&#234;s casos &#40;1&#44;09&#37;&#41; eram de outros subtipos mais raros ou inclassific&#225;veis&#46; Dos 244 casos com informa&#231;&#245;es sobre ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; 144 &#40;59&#44;02&#37;&#41; apresentavam ulcera&#231;&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados da an&#225;lise do modelo de Cox para avaliar o impacto dos diferentes m&#233;todos de mensura&#231;&#227;o da espessura do melanoma &#40;medida de Breslow e medida de Breslow modificada&#41; na sobrevida revelam que ambos os m&#233;todos s&#227;o estatisticamente significantes&#46; Para a medida de Breslow convencional&#44; obteve&#8208;se valor de qui&#8208;quadrado de 59&#44;40&#59; valor&#8208;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; HR de 1&#44;121&#46; Para a medida de Breslow modificada&#44; obteve&#8208;se um qui&#8208;quadrado de 57&#44;66&#59; valor&#8208;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; HR de 1&#44;119 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; A regress&#227;o log&#237;stica revelou associa&#231;&#227;o significante entre ambas as mensura&#231;&#245;es &#40;medida de Breslow convencional e modificada&#41; e a presen&#231;a de met&#225;stase em linfonodos sentinelas&#46; A medida de Breslow apresentou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; de 1&#44;189 &#40;95&#37;IC 1&#44;111&#8211;1&#44;271&#59; valor p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Do mesmo modo&#44; a medida de Breslow modificada apresentou OR de 1&#44;19 &#40;95&#37;IC 1&#44;112&#8211;1&#44;273&#59; valor p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise do tempo de sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela &#40;positivo ou negativo para met&#225;stase&#41; foi realizada por meio dos testes log&#8208;rank &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 39&#44;49&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; Wilcoxon &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 40&#44;54&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2Log&#40;LR&#41; &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 48&#44;24&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figura 3</a>&#46; Da mesma maneira&#44; na an&#225;lise de sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; foram realizados os testes log&#8208;rank &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 11&#44;56&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0007&#41;&#44; Wilcoxon &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 12&#44;61&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0004&#41; e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2Log&#40;LR&#41; &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 12&#44;92&#59; DF 1&#44; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0003&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figura 4</a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o mostrou associa&#231;&#227;o significante com met&#225;stases em linfonodos sentinelas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0019&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise de sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico n&#227;o revelou resultados significantes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#46; O teste log&#8208;rank obteve qui&#8208;quadrado de 2&#44;9495 com DF 2&#44; e valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;2288&#46; No ajuste para m&#250;ltiplas compara&#231;&#245;es por meio do teste de Sidak&#44; nenhuma das compara&#231;&#245;es pareadas entre os s&#237;tios anat&#244;micos atingiu signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o entre s&#237;tios expostos ao sol &#40;E&#41; e n&#227;o expostos &#40;NE&#41; obteve valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;6668 &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 1&#44;0447&#41;&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o entre s&#237;tios E e acrais resultou em valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;2427 &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 2&#44;9014&#41;&#46; Por fim&#44; a compara&#231;&#227;o entre s&#237;tios NE e acrais produziu valor&#8208;p de 0&#44;9014 &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 0&#44;3791&#41;&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com met&#225;stases linfonodo sentinela&#44; a an&#225;lise tamb&#233;m n&#227;o demonstrou diferen&#231;as significantes &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1217&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ao considerar a sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o aos subtipos histol&#243;gicos do melanoma&#44; o teste log&#8208;rank detectou diferen&#231;as significantes na taxa de sobrevida entre diferentes subtipos &#40;qui&#8208;quadrado 13&#44;11&#59; DF 4 e valor&#8208;p 0&#44;0107&#41; &#8211; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">figura 6</a> Em rela&#231;&#227;o a met&#225;stases em linfonodo sentinela&#44; n&#227;o houve associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante entre o subtipo histol&#243;gico &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0735&#41; e o status do linfonodo sentinela&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a medida de Breslow modificada &#40;mensurada a partir da membrana basal em vez da camada granulosa&#41; foi capaz de predizer o tempo de sobrevida e o resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#44; assim como a medida de Breslow convencional&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medida de Breslow apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; Quando a les&#227;o &#233; ulcerada&#44; a medida come&#231;a desde a base da &#250;lcera&#46; Nesses casos&#44; a espessura poder&#225; estar subestimada&#44; pois n&#227;o se est&#225; levando em conta a quantidade de tumor perdida em virtude da ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#46; Tamb&#233;m os par&#226;metros atuais para estadiamento dos melanomas n&#227;o levam em considera&#231;&#227;o a espessura da epiderme para mensura&#231;&#227;o do Breslow&#46; Sabe&#8208;se que&#44; por exemplo&#44; a pele acral apresenta epiderme mais espessa&#44; enquanto algumas &#225;reas da face&#44; como a pele da regi&#227;o posterior da orelha&#44; t&#234;m epiderme mais fina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> Nesse contexto&#44; casos de lentigo maligno melanoma&#44; cuja epiderme &#233; geralmente atr&#243;fica&#44; podem apresentar Breslow menores que casos de melanomas acrais &#40;visto que a epiderme da regi&#227;o acral &#233; espessa&#41;&#44; ainda que ambos apresentem acometimento de estratos na derme semelhantes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">fig&#46; 7</a>&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a medida de Breslow apenas pode ser avaliada de maneira acurada em cortes perpendiculares &#224; superf&#237;cie da epiderme&#46; Caso haja extens&#227;o perianexial do melanoma e esse represente o &#250;nico foco de invas&#227;o&#44; a melhor metodologia para essa mensura&#231;&#227;o se torna question&#225;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> A medida de Breslow modificada&#44; proposta neste estudo&#44; n&#227;o &#233; afetada pelas varia&#231;&#245;es da espessura da epiderme nos diferentes s&#237;tios anat&#244;micos&#44; nem pela presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de ulcera&#231;&#227;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">fig&#46; 7</a>&#41;&#46; Essa abordagem pode apresentar maior const&#226;ncia&#44; sofrendo menos varia&#231;&#245;es e demonstrando boa reprodutibilidade entre patologistas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados tamb&#233;m corroboram que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela tem efeito significante na sobrevida dos pacientes com melanoma&#59; a presen&#231;a de met&#225;stase em linfonodo sentinela est&#225; associada &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo de sobrevida&#44; estando de acordo com outros trabalhos como o de Tejera&#8208;Vaquerizo et al&#46;&#44; que analisou 4&#46;249 casos de melanomas finos e encontrou que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela &#233; o fator progn&#243;stico mais importante para a sobrevida melanoma espec&#237;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Jafari et al&#46;&#44; em um estudo com 1&#46;111 pacientes&#44; mostraram que aqueles que n&#227;o apresentavam met&#225;stases para linfonodo sentinela apresentaram sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a mais longa do que os que apresentavam met&#225;stase&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; nos pacientes com melanoma de espessura intermedi&#225;ria &#40;1&#44;0 a 4&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#44; foi encontrada melhor sobrevida global naqueles com linfonodo sentinela negativo para met&#225;stases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Outro estudo&#44; entretanto&#44; mostrou que o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela &#233; fator progn&#243;stico independente para sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o para sobrevida global em an&#225;lise multivariada em 309 casos de melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Lemos et al&#46;&#44; em estudo com 43 pacientes com melanoma espesso &#40;&#62; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; n&#227;o demonstraram signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela na sobrevida global&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; a ulcera&#231;&#227;o teve impacto significante na sobrevida dos pacientes&#44; indicando sobrevida menor naqueles com ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#46; Esses resultados est&#227;o em concord&#226;ncia com outros estudos&#44; como o de Sarpa et al&#46;&#44; com 235 pacientes&#44; que demonstraram correla&#231;&#227;o significante entre a extens&#227;o da ulcera&#231;&#227;o e a sobrevida global&#44; bem como o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> E o trabalho de Hout et al&#46;&#44; que mostrou que tanto a presen&#231;a quanto a extens&#227;o da ulcera&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o preditores independentes da sobrevida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto ao s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico do melanoma&#44; nosso estudo n&#227;o demonstrou haver impacto significante na sobrevida dos pacientes&#44; tampouco associa&#231;&#227;o com o resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#46; Esses resultados est&#227;o em desacordo com outros estudos&#44; como o de Callender et al&#46;&#44; com 2&#46;500 pacientes&#44; que demonstrou que o s&#237;tio anat&#244;mico &#233; preditor independente para o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela bem como para a sobrevida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> E o de Howard et al&#46;&#44; que demonstrou que s&#237;tios com exposi&#231;&#227;o solar intermitente ou cr&#244;nica apresentaram melhores sobrevidas comparada aos s&#237;tios raramente expostos ao sol&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">E em rela&#231;&#227;o ao subtipo histol&#243;gico&#44; houve diferen&#231;as estat&#237;sticas significantes na taxa de sobrevida entre diferentes subtipos histol&#243;gicos &#40;Curva de Kaplan&#8208;Meier&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante entre o subtipo histol&#243;gico e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">status</span> do linfonodo sentinela&#46; O estudo de Buja et al&#46; mostrou que o subtipo histol&#243;gico &#233; fator de risco independente para &#243;bito&#59; o subtipo nodular &#233; o que apresenta pior sobrevida melanoma espec&#237;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Sharouni et al&#46; mostraram em um estudo com 48&#46;361 pacientes que os subtipos nodular e acral lentiginoso apresentam sobrevida pior do que os subtipos extensivo superficial e lentigo maligno melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> J&#225; o trabalho de Robsahm et al&#46; n&#227;o demonstrou o subtipo histol&#243;gico como preditor independente de sobrevida melanoma espec&#237;fica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uma limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo &#233; sua natureza retrospectiva&#44; o n&#250;mero limitado de casos totais&#44; o n&#250;mero de casos ulcerados e a elevada frequ&#234;ncia de casos em est&#225;dio avan&#231;ado&#46; Por uma caracter&#237;stica do perfil do servi&#231;o&#44; foram observados tamb&#233;m&#44; comparativamente a outros estudos&#44; muitos casos de melanoma acral e melanoma nodular&#44; e apenas um caso de lentigo maligno melanoma&#46; Apesar disso&#44; &#233; o primeiro trabalho a propor a possibilidade de adapta&#231;&#227;o na maneira de mensurar o Breslow&#46; O presente estudo demonstrou que a medida de Breslow modificada&#44; ou seja&#44; mensurada a partir da membrana basal em vez da camada granulosa&#44; &#233; capaz de predizer o progn&#243;stico&#44; bem como a medida de Breslow convencional&#46; Entretanto&#44; mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para validar este m&#233;todo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo &#40;processo n&#176;&#160;2021&#47;09431&#8208;0&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcel Arakaki Asato&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisco Alves Moares Neto&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcelo Padovani de Toledo Moraes&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juliana Polizel Ocanha&#8208;Xavier&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luiz Carlos Takita&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariangela Esther Alencar Marques&#58; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; C&#226;ndido Caldeira Xavier&#8208;J&#250;nior&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O melanoma cut&#226;neo &#233; neoplasia com alta taxa de mortalidade e risco de met&#225;stases para &#243;rg&#227;os &#224; dist&#226;ncia&#46; A medida microm&#233;trica de Breslow &#233; considerada o mais importante fator para avalia&#231;&#227;o de progn&#243;stico e conduta&#44; mensurada a partir da camada granulosa at&#233; a por&#231;&#227;o mais profunda da neoplasia&#46; Apesar de sua ampla utiliza&#231;&#227;o&#44; a medida da espessura de Breslow apresenta algumas imprecis&#245;es&#44; como n&#227;o considerar as varia&#231;&#245;es da espessura da epiderme nas diferentes localiza&#231;&#245;es do corpo ou quando h&#225; ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar a aplicabilidade de medida de Breslow modificada&#44; mensurada a partir da membrana basal em vez da camada granulosa&#44; na tentativa de predizer o resultado do linfonodo sentinela e da sobrevida dos pacientes com melanoma&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizada an&#225;lise retrospectiva e transversal com base na avalia&#231;&#227;o de l&#226;minas coradas pela hematoxilina &#38; eosina de 275 casos de melanoma submetidos &#224; biopsia de linfonodo sentinela de 2008 a 2021 em um centro de refer&#234;ncia no Brasil&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise do modelo de Cox para avaliar o impacto da espessura de Breslow e da espessura de Breslow modificada na sobrevida revelaram que ambos os m&#233;todos s&#227;o estatisticamente significantes&#46; A regress&#227;o log&#237;stica revelou associa&#231;&#227;o significante entre ambas as mensura&#231;&#245;es e a presen&#231;a de met&#225;stase em linfonodos sentinelas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A medida da profundidade do melanoma a partir da membrana basal &#40;medida de Breslow modificada&#41; &#233; capaz de predizer o tempo de sobrevida e o resultado do linfonodo sentinela&#44; assim como a espessura de Breslow convencional&#46;</p></span>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ambos os casos apesentam componente invasivo com espessura semelhante &#40;1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; coincidindo com a medida de Breslow modificada&#41;&#46; No entanto&#44; a medida de Breslow convencional &#233; de 1&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#224; esquerda &#40;epiderme delgada&#41; e 1&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#224; direita &#40;epiderme espessa&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">134 &#40;48&#44;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">141 &#40;51&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade &#40;anos&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;14&#8211;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medida de Breslow &#40;mm&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8 &#40;1&#44;0&#8211;27&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medida de Breslow modificada &#40;mm&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;7 &#40;0&#44;5&#8211;26&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sobrevida</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Em meses &#8211; mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;0&#8211;158&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Em anos &#8211; mediana &#40;m&#237;n&#46;&#8211;m&#225;x&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#8211;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Linfonodo sentinela&#44; n&#160;&#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Positivo para met&#225;stase&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">138 &#40;50&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Negativo para met&#225;stase&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">137 &#40;49&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#237;tio anat&#244;mico&#44; n&#160;&#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#193;reas n&#227;o expostas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;36&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#193;reas expostas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;30&#44;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78 &#40;28&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o especificado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;4&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanoma extensivo superficial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101 &#40;36&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanoma nodular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95 &#40;34&#44;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Melanoma acral lentiginoso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;27&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lentigo maligno melanoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#46;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outros</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; n&#160;&#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">144 &#40;59&#44;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ausente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;40&#44;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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Informação do artigo
ISSN: 26662752
Idioma original: Português
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Idiomas
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia (Portuguese)
en pt
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