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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O melanoma cut&#226;neo prim&#225;rio &#233; a forma mais letal de c&#226;ncer de pele&#44; correspondendo a aproximadamente 90&#37; das mortes relacionadas a tumores cut&#226;neos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A incid&#234;ncia dessa neoplasia maligna continua em ascens&#227;o&#44; com cerca de 232&#46;000 novos casos por ano em todo o mundo&#44; representando 7&#37; de todos os c&#226;nceres malignos diagnosticados&#44; exceto c&#226;ncer de pele n&#227;o melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Melanomas cut&#226;neos prim&#225;rios finos &#40;MCPFs&#41; s&#227;o aqueles com espessura de Breslow &#8804; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Estudos mostram que as avalia&#231;&#245;es dermatol&#243;gicas peri&#243;dicas e o uso cada vez mais acurado do dermatosc&#243;pio favoreceram a detec&#231;&#227;o mais precoce de MCPFs e de melanomas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O &#237;ndice de mortalidade causado por melanoma &#233; conhecido por estar fortemente associado &#224; espessura da les&#227;o prim&#225;ria &#40;&#237;ndice de Breslow&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Atualmente&#44; a maioria dos novos casos de melanoma cut&#226;neo &#233; diagnosticada como MCPFs&#59; aproximadamente 90&#37; s&#227;o diagnosticados como tumores prim&#225;rios sem evid&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases&#44; na abordagem inicial&#44; de acordo com Aitken et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> De fato&#44; h&#225; diversidade de dados estat&#237;sticos quanto &#224; presen&#231;a de met&#225;stases no acompanhamento de MCPFs&#46; Estudos relatam incid&#234;ncias de 3&#37; a 5&#37; e de at&#233; 20&#37; de doen&#231;a a dist&#226;ncia em MCPFS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esse comportamento biol&#243;gico ocasiona&#44; consequentemente&#44; cen&#225;rios com progn&#243;sticos desfavor&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Gimotty et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> indicam que 15&#37; das mortes por melanoma resultam de met&#225;stases de les&#245;es finas&#46; Os fatores espec&#237;ficos para a identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com MCPF em risco para met&#225;stases ainda n&#227;o foram completamente elucidados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Muitos detalhes do comportamento biol&#243;gico e da apresenta&#231;&#227;o histopatol&#243;gica dos MCPFs metast&#225;ticos s&#227;o parcialmente desconhecidos&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Linf&#243;citos e c&#233;lulas mononucleares associados ao c&#226;ncer humano s&#227;o descritos h&#225; mais de um s&#233;culo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Wallace Clark usou o termo &#8220;infiltra&#231;&#227;o linfocit&#225;ria tumoral&#8221; para se referir &#224;s c&#233;lulas imunes presentes no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio como parte da resposta do hospedeiro ao c&#226;ncer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Quando se trata de melanoma cut&#226;neo&#44; acredita&#8208;se que a presen&#231;a dos linf&#243;citos infiltrantes esteja associada a um desfecho favor&#225;vel ao paciente&#44; embora isso seja um t&#243;pico controverso&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pesquisas sobre a influ&#234;ncia da infiltra&#231;&#227;o linfocit&#225;ria&#44; especificamente nos MCPFs&#44; s&#227;o escassas&#44; e o fen&#244;meno &#233; incipientemente compreendido&#46; Assim&#44; este estudo investigou a presen&#231;a do infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio tumoral &#40;IIT&#41; em MCPFs e a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o IIT e a ocorr&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Popula&#231;&#227;o e desenho experimental</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo caso&#8208;controle retrospectivo foi realizado em dois centros &#40;um na It&#225;lia e outro na regi&#227;o Sul do Brasil&#41;&#44; a partir de dados encontrados nos registros dos servi&#231;os de patologia do Istituto Dermopatico dell&#8217;Immacolata &#40;Roma&#44; It&#225;lia&#41; e da Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia &#40;Porto Alegre&#44; Brasil&#41;&#44; no per&#237;odo de dois anos &#40;2017&#8208;2019&#41;&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o histopatol&#243;gica foi conduzida pelo servi&#231;o de patologia dos dois centros&#46; Todas as l&#226;minas histopatol&#243;gicas foram novamente avaliadas por um terceiro especialista em patologia &#40;AVH&#41; da Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre&#44; que definiu o diagn&#243;stico histopatol&#243;gico final&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As seguintes vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e histopatol&#243;gicas foram observadas&#58; sexo&#44; topografia do melanoma&#44; s&#237;tio de met&#225;stases&#44; tempo entre o diagn&#243;stico do melanoma e a detec&#231;&#227;o de met&#225;stases&#44; subtipo de melanoma&#44; &#237;ndice de Breslow&#44; fase de crescimento&#44; presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; regress&#227;o tumoral e presen&#231;a de IIT&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A interpreta&#231;&#227;o do IIT seguiu defini&#231;&#245;es usadas por Fortes et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grau 1 &#40;leve&#41;&#58; poucos linf&#243;citos infiltram o tumor focalmente ou multifocalmente ao longo ou na base do componente d&#233;rmico &#40;&#8804; 30&#37; do componente estava infiltrado por linf&#243;citos&#41;&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grau 2 &#40;moderado&#41;&#58; quantidades moderadas de linf&#243;citos infiltram o tumor focalmente ou multifocalmente&#44; mas n&#227;o ao longo de toda a base do componente d&#233;rmico &#40;31&#37; a 64&#37; do componente estava infiltrado por linf&#243;citos&#41;&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grau 3 &#40;marcado&#41;&#58; uma banda cont&#237;nua de linf&#243;citos estava presente na base ou ao longo do componente d&#233;rmico de melanoma &#40;&#8805; 65&#37; do componente estava infiltrado por linf&#243;citos&#41;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para fins de an&#225;lise&#44; foram somados os casos de IIT moderado e marcado&#44; que foram ent&#227;o comparados aos casos de IIT leve&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Aspectos &#233;ticos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo seguiu os protocolos determinados pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da institui&#231;&#227;o e foi aprovado sob o n&#250;mero 12447213&#46;8&#46;0000&#46;5345&#46; O Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido assinado foi obtido dos pacientes ou de seus respons&#225;veis legais&#46; Os autores assinaram um documento concordando em preservar a anonimidade do paciente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao uso de seus dados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados quantitativos foram apresentados como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o&#46; Na presen&#231;a de assimetria de dados&#44; foi usada a mediana com valores m&#237;nimos e m&#225;ximos&#46; As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram contadas e transformadas em porcentagens&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student ou seu correspondente n&#227;o param&#233;trico &#40;teste de Mann&#8208;Whitney&#41; foi usado para compara&#231;&#227;o de dados quantitativos&#46; O teste do Qui&#8208;Quadrado ou o teste exato de Fischer foi usado para as propor&#231;&#245;es&#44; quando necess&#225;rio&#46; Os ajustes para poss&#237;veis efeitos confundidores foram conduzidos por regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi p &#60; 0&#44;05&#46; Os dados foram analisados no SPSS&#44; vers&#227;o 22&#46;0&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Resultados</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo incluiu 50 pacientes&#44; dos quais 22 pacientes apresentavam MCPF metast&#225;tico &#40;grupo cut&#226;neo metast&#225;tico&#44; CM&#41; e 28 pacientes tinham MCPF n&#227;o metast&#225;tico &#40;grupo cut&#226;neo n&#227;o metast&#225;tico&#44; CNM&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 50&#44;7 anos no grupo CM e de 56&#44;2 anos no grupo CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;234&#41;&#46; Homens predominaram no CM&#44; enquanto no CNM o predom&#237;nio foi de mulheres &#40;63&#44;6&#37; e 53&#44;6&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;354&#41;&#46; O tronco foi o s&#237;tio tumoral principal do tumor prim&#225;rio em ambos os grupos &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;187&#41;&#44; e o s&#237;tio principal de met&#225;stases foi o hematog&#234;nico&#44; acometendo o pulm&#227;o em nove casos &#40;39&#44;1&#37;&#41; no CM&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O principal subtipo tumoral foi o espalhamento superficial&#44; observado em 86&#44;4&#37; do CM e em 92&#44;9&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;499&#41;&#46; A espessura m&#233;dia de Breslow foi de 0&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm e 0&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; respectivamente para CM e CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#44; e a presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o foi evidente em 22&#44;7&#37; do CM e em 17&#44;9&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;732&#41;&#46; Regress&#227;o histol&#243;gica foi observada em 45&#37; do CM e em 28&#44;6&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;386&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> apresenta os dados gerais da amostra&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram IIT&#44; com diferentes classifica&#231;&#245;es qualiquantitativas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; IIT moderado a marcado esteve presente em 54&#44;5&#37; do CM e em 68&#37; do CNM&#46; Para os dados brutos&#44; obteve&#8208;se um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; de 0&#44;57 &#40;95&#37; IC 0&#44;18&#8208;1&#44;8&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;338&#41;&#46; A an&#225;lise multivariada com ajustes para &#237;ndice de Breslow&#44; sexo e idade ao diagn&#243;stico do melanoma foi aplicada&#44; e a presen&#231;a de IIT moderado a marcado apresentou OR de 0&#44;68 &#40;95&#37; IC 0&#44;13&#8208;3&#44;99&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;669&#41;&#46; As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">figuras 1&#44; 2 e 3</a> mostram imagens histopatol&#243;gicas de IIT leve&#44; moderado e marcado em paciente com MCPF&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O papel da resposta imune no melanoma cut&#226;neo vem ganhando aten&#231;&#227;o nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; particularmente com o advento de terapias imunomoduladoras para a doen&#231;a avan&#231;ada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> O IIT compreende um grupo heterog&#234;neo de linf&#243;citos que diferem entre si pela habilidade de potencializar o sistema imune em sua capacidade antitumoral&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">V&#225;rios estudos correlacionaram melhor sobrevida do melanoma cut&#226;neo com a presen&#231;a de IIT&#44; em particular os infiltrados densos &#40;marcados&#41;&#46; Clark et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> demonstraram que a intensidade do IIT &#233; associada &#224; sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a&#44; e Clemente et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> encontraram um &#237;ndice de sobrevida de 77&#37; ap&#243;s cinco anos em pacientes com IIT denso&#44; comparado com 53&#37; naqueles com IIT n&#227;o denso e 37&#37; em pacientes sem IIT&#46; Tuthill et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> evidenciaram um &#237;ndice de sobrevida de 100&#37; ap&#243;s cinco anos e 93&#37; ap&#243;s dez anos em pacientes com IIT denso&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No entanto&#44; alguns estudos n&#227;o revelam associa&#231;&#227;o significante entre IIT e &#237;ndice de sobrevida em pacientes com melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;20</span></a> Esses resultados podem ser decorrentes da inclus&#227;o de dados sobre MCPFs que est&#227;o na fase de crescimento radial&#44; visto que&#44; durante essa fase&#44; h&#225; pouco embasamento para considerar o IIT um preditor de resultados&#44; ou em virtude da classifica&#231;&#227;o err&#244;nea de linf&#243;citos encontrados pr&#243;ximos ao tumor como sendo um IIT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e histopatol&#243;gicas estiveram de acordo com achados de estudos pr&#233;vios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;22&#44;23</span></a> Houve alta frequ&#234;ncia da fase de crescimento vertical em pacientes com met&#225;stases em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;queles livres de dissemina&#231;&#227;o maligna &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#44; com maior espessura de Breslow naqueles afetados por met&#225;stases &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#46; Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; topografia&#44; a maior ocorr&#234;ncia de melanoma foi no tronco&#44; e o subtipo mais frequentemente encontrado foi o melanoma de espalhamento superficial&#46; O sexo masculino foi o mais comum entre os pacientes metast&#225;ticos &#40;63&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; achado frequente nos MCPFs&#44; mas&#44; quando presente&#44; altera o estadiamento do c&#226;ncer de T1a a T1b &#40;de acordo com o American Joint Committee on Cancer&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi observada diferen&#231;a na presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o entre os dois grupos&#46; A regress&#227;o tumoral na histopatologia ocorre em 10&#37; a 35&#37; dos melanomas cut&#226;neos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;25</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; ela esteve mais presente em indiv&#237;duos metast&#225;ticos &#40;45&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 28&#44;6&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;386&#41;&#46; Um estudo multic&#234;ntrico recente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> relatou que a regress&#227;o &#233; altamente relacionada com o IIT&#44; mas apenas o IIT est&#225; significantemente associado com met&#225;stases linfonodais e sobrevida global em pacientes com melanoma &#40;a regress&#227;o&#44; isoladamente&#44; n&#227;o se associou aos desfechos&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ainda que se admita a baixa incid&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases em pacientes com MCPF&#44; quando comparado aos melanomas invasivos&#44; h&#225; controv&#233;rsias na literatura quanto aos dados&#46; Essas diferen&#231;as podem estar relacionadas &#224; fase de diagn&#243;stico do tumor prim&#225;rio ou a outros fatores do ind&#237;viduo e das caracter&#237;sticas bioimunol&#243;gicas de determinados tumores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados do presente estudo n&#227;o conseguiram atestar a prote&#231;&#227;o do IIT para o desenvolvimento de met&#225;stases&#44; pois todos os pacientes avaliados&#44; com e sem met&#225;stases&#44; apresentavam o infiltrado&#46; Ainda que os pacientes com MCPF n&#227;o metast&#225;tico apresentassem mais frequentemente IIT moderado a marcado&#44; quando comparados aos pacientes metast&#225;ticos &#8211; 67&#44;9&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 54&#44;5&#37;&#59; respectivamente &#8211; n&#227;o houve demonstra&#231;&#227;o de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;68&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;669&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a de IIT em todos os pacientes com melanomas finos &#40;metast&#225;ticos ou n&#227;o&#41; neste estudo pode revelar que o papel das infiltra&#231;&#245;es linfoc&#237;ticas seja o de tentar evitar precocemente que o melanoma progrida para a fase de maior invas&#227;o&#44; ainda que n&#227;o consiga evitar a dissemina&#231;&#227;o metast&#225;tica de alguns poucos MCPFs&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo decorre da pequena frequ&#234;ncia de ocorr&#234;ncia de casos metast&#225;ticos nos MCPFs&#44; com impacto no n&#250;mero amostral reduzido para a realiza&#231;&#227;o da avalia&#231;&#227;o&#46; Por outro lado&#44; o fato de neste estudo terem sido encontradas vari&#225;veis j&#225; estabelecidas na literatura quanto &#224; caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do melanoma&#44; incluindo fatores progn&#243;sticos como a espessura de Breslow e a fase de crescimento vertical&#44; demonstra a adequada qualidade dos dados obtidos&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos sobre o IIT s&#227;o cada vez mais oportunos dada a import&#226;ncia conhecida do sistema imunol&#243;gico na determina&#231;&#227;o do comportamento do c&#226;ncer e o papel emergente da inibi&#231;&#227;o do controle imunol&#243;gico no tratamento do melanoma&#46; Para resultados mais consistentes&#44; sugere&#8208;se a condu&#231;&#227;o de estudos longitudinais e com maior n&#250;mero amostral&#46; Como perspectiva&#44; a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do imunofen&#243;tipo do IIT pode trazer informa&#231;&#245;es relevantes&#46; Por fim&#44; &#233; importante ressaltar que&#44; antes de serem adotados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; os biomarcadores tumorais devem ter valida&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e anal&#237;tica&#44; al&#233;m de demonstra&#231;&#227;o de utilidade cl&#237;nica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes com MCPF apresentaram IIT&#44; e n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as estat&#237;sticas detect&#225;veis entre metast&#225;ticos e n&#227;o metast&#225;ticos&#44; ainda que a frequ&#234;ncia de IIT marcado a moderado tenha ocorrido&#44; principalmente em MCPF n&#227;o metast&#225;tico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariele Bevilaqua&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Carolina Rey&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gian Carlo Antonini Cappellini&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Felice Riccardi&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cristina Fortes&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adriana Vial Roehe&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renan Rangel Bonamigo&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nos melanomas cut&#226;neos em geral&#44; o infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio tumoral &#40;IIT&#41; pode proteger de met&#225;stases a dist&#226;ncia&#44; mas n&#227;o h&#225; consenso quando apenas os melanomas cut&#226;neo prim&#225;rios finos &#40;MCPFs&#41; s&#227;o considerados&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar a presen&#231;a do IIT nos MCPFs e a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o IIT e a ocorr&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo caso&#8208;controle que incluiu 50 pacientes com MCPF&#44; dos quais 22 eram metast&#225;ticos &#40;grupo CM&#41; e 28 n&#227;o metast&#225;ticos &#40;grupo CNM&#41;&#46; A presen&#231;a do IIT foi avaliada e&#44; se presente&#44; qualificada em leve&#44; moderada ou acentuada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A idade m&#233;dia foi de 50&#44;7 anos no CM e de 56&#44;2 anos no CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;234&#41;&#44; e o sexo masculino predominou no CM &#40;63&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A espessura m&#233;dia segundo Breslow foi maior no CM quando comparada &#224; observada no CNM &#40;respectivamente 0&#44;8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 0&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#46; Houve ulcera&#231;&#227;o em 22&#44;7&#37; do CM e em 17&#44;9&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;732&#41;&#46; O IIT esteve presente em todos os 50 MCPFs&#44; sendo acentuado e moderado em 67&#44;9&#37; do CNM e em 54&#44;5&#37; do CM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;503&#41;&#46; Na an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; a presen&#231;a de IIT moderado e acentuado apresentou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; de 0&#44;57 &#40;intervalo de confian&#231;a &#91;IC&#93; de 95&#37; de 0&#44;18&#8208;1&#44;8&#41; e OR ajustado de 0&#44;68 &#40;95&#37; IC 0&#44;13&#8208;3&#44;99&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Reduzido valor amostral&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O IIT esteve presente em todos os MCPFs &#40;com e sem met&#225;stases&#41;&#44; e n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel comprovar efeito protetor do IIT para o surgimento de met&#225;stases&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#47;21 &#40;66&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Linf&#225;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;732&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">09&#47;20 &#40;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#47;28 &#40;28&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Artigo original
Infiltrado inflamatório tumoral não prediz metástases em melanomas cutâneos primários finos
Mariele Bevilaquaa,b,
Autor para correspondência
, Maria Carolina Widholzer Reyc, Gian Carlo Antonini Cappellinid, Felice Riccardie, Cristina Fortesf, Adriana Vial Roeheg, Renan Rangel Bonamigoe,h
a Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
b Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
c Departamento de Dermatologia, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
d Departamento de Oncologia, Hospital Sandro Pertini, Roma, Itália
e Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Hospital Santa Rita, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
f Departamento de Epidemiologia, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, Roma, Itália
g Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
h Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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s&#227;o aqueles com espessura de Breslow &#8804; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Estudos mostram que as avalia&#231;&#245;es dermatol&#243;gicas peri&#243;dicas e o uso cada vez mais acurado do dermatosc&#243;pio favoreceram a detec&#231;&#227;o mais precoce de MCPFs e de melanomas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O &#237;ndice de mortalidade causado por melanoma &#233; conhecido por estar fortemente associado &#224; espessura da les&#227;o prim&#225;ria &#40;&#237;ndice de Breslow&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Atualmente&#44; a maioria dos novos casos de melanoma cut&#226;neo &#233; diagnosticada como MCPFs&#59; aproximadamente 90&#37; s&#227;o diagnosticados como tumores prim&#225;rios sem evid&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases&#44; na abordagem inicial&#44; de acordo com Aitken et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> De fato&#44; h&#225; diversidade de dados estat&#237;sticos quanto &#224; presen&#231;a de met&#225;stases no acompanhamento de MCPFs&#46; Estudos relatam incid&#234;ncias de 3&#37; a 5&#37; e de at&#233; 20&#37; de doen&#231;a a dist&#226;ncia em MCPFS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esse comportamento biol&#243;gico ocasiona&#44; consequentemente&#44; cen&#225;rios com progn&#243;sticos desfavor&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Gimotty et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> indicam que 15&#37; das mortes por melanoma resultam de met&#225;stases de les&#245;es finas&#46; Os fatores espec&#237;ficos para a identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com MCPF em risco para met&#225;stases ainda n&#227;o foram completamente elucidados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Muitos detalhes do comportamento biol&#243;gico e da apresenta&#231;&#227;o histopatol&#243;gica dos MCPFs metast&#225;ticos s&#227;o parcialmente desconhecidos&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Linf&#243;citos e c&#233;lulas mononucleares associados ao c&#226;ncer humano s&#227;o descritos h&#225; mais de um s&#233;culo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Wallace Clark usou o termo &#8220;infiltra&#231;&#227;o linfocit&#225;ria tumoral&#8221; para se referir &#224;s c&#233;lulas imunes presentes no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio como parte da resposta do hospedeiro ao c&#226;ncer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Quando se trata de melanoma cut&#226;neo&#44; acredita&#8208;se que a presen&#231;a dos linf&#243;citos infiltrantes esteja associada a um desfecho favor&#225;vel ao paciente&#44; embora isso seja um t&#243;pico controverso&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pesquisas sobre a influ&#234;ncia da infiltra&#231;&#227;o linfocit&#225;ria&#44; especificamente nos MCPFs&#44; s&#227;o escassas&#44; e o fen&#244;meno &#233; incipientemente compreendido&#46; Assim&#44; este estudo investigou a presen&#231;a do infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio tumoral &#40;IIT&#41; em MCPFs e a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o IIT e a ocorr&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Popula&#231;&#227;o e desenho experimental</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo caso&#8208;controle retrospectivo foi realizado em dois centros &#40;um na It&#225;lia e outro na regi&#227;o Sul do Brasil&#41;&#44; a partir de dados encontrados nos registros dos servi&#231;os de patologia do Istituto Dermopatico dell&#8217;Immacolata &#40;Roma&#44; It&#225;lia&#41; e da Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia &#40;Porto Alegre&#44; Brasil&#41;&#44; no per&#237;odo de dois anos &#40;2017&#8208;2019&#41;&#46; A avalia&#231;&#227;o histopatol&#243;gica foi conduzida pelo servi&#231;o de patologia dos dois centros&#46; Todas as l&#226;minas histopatol&#243;gicas foram novamente avaliadas por um terceiro especialista em patologia &#40;AVH&#41; da Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre&#44; que definiu o diagn&#243;stico histopatol&#243;gico final&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As seguintes vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e histopatol&#243;gicas foram observadas&#58; sexo&#44; topografia do melanoma&#44; s&#237;tio de met&#225;stases&#44; tempo entre o diagn&#243;stico do melanoma e a detec&#231;&#227;o de met&#225;stases&#44; subtipo de melanoma&#44; &#237;ndice de Breslow&#44; fase de crescimento&#44; presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; regress&#227;o tumoral e presen&#231;a de IIT&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A interpreta&#231;&#227;o do IIT seguiu defini&#231;&#245;es usadas por Fortes et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grau 1 &#40;leve&#41;&#58; poucos linf&#243;citos infiltram o tumor focalmente ou multifocalmente ao longo ou na base do componente d&#233;rmico &#40;&#8804; 30&#37; do componente estava infiltrado por linf&#243;citos&#41;&#59;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grau 2 &#40;moderado&#41;&#58; 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de &#201;tica da institui&#231;&#227;o e foi aprovado sob o n&#250;mero 12447213&#46;8&#46;0000&#46;5345&#46; O Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido assinado foi obtido dos pacientes ou de seus respons&#225;veis legais&#46; Os autores assinaram um documento concordando em preservar a anonimidade do paciente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao uso de seus dados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados quantitativos foram apresentados como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o&#46; Na presen&#231;a de assimetria de dados&#44; foi usada a mediana com valores m&#237;nimos e m&#225;ximos&#46; As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram contadas e transformadas em porcentagens&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student ou seu correspondente n&#227;o param&#233;trico &#40;teste de Mann&#8208;Whitney&#41; foi usado para compara&#231;&#227;o de dados quantitativos&#46; O teste do Qui&#8208;Quadrado ou o teste exato de Fischer foi usado para as propor&#231;&#245;es&#44; quando necess&#225;rio&#46; Os ajustes para poss&#237;veis efeitos confundidores foram conduzidos por regress&#227;o log&#237;stica&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi p &#60; 0&#44;05&#46; Os dados foram analisados no SPSS&#44; vers&#227;o 22&#46;0&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Resultados</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo incluiu 50 pacientes&#44; dos quais 22 pacientes apresentavam MCPF metast&#225;tico &#40;grupo cut&#226;neo metast&#225;tico&#44; CM&#41; e 28 pacientes tinham MCPF n&#227;o metast&#225;tico &#40;grupo cut&#226;neo n&#227;o metast&#225;tico&#44; CNM&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 50&#44;7 anos no grupo CM e de 56&#44;2 anos no grupo CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;234&#41;&#46; Homens predominaram no CM&#44; enquanto no CNM o predom&#237;nio foi de mulheres &#40;63&#44;6&#37; e 53&#44;6&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;354&#41;&#46; O tronco foi o s&#237;tio tumoral principal do tumor prim&#225;rio em ambos os grupos &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;187&#41;&#44; e o s&#237;tio principal de met&#225;stases foi o hematog&#234;nico&#44; acometendo o pulm&#227;o em nove casos &#40;39&#44;1&#37;&#41; no CM&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O principal subtipo tumoral foi o espalhamento superficial&#44; observado em 86&#44;4&#37; do CM e em 92&#44;9&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;499&#41;&#46; A espessura m&#233;dia de Breslow foi de 0&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm e 0&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; respectivamente para CM e CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#44; e a presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o foi evidente em 22&#44;7&#37; do CM e em 17&#44;9&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;732&#41;&#46; Regress&#227;o histol&#243;gica foi observada em 45&#37; do CM e em 28&#44;6&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;386&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> apresenta os dados gerais da amostra&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram IIT&#44; com diferentes classifica&#231;&#245;es qualiquantitativas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; IIT moderado a marcado esteve presente em 54&#44;5&#37; do CM e em 68&#37; do CNM&#46; Para os dados brutos&#44; obteve&#8208;se um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; de 0&#44;57 &#40;95&#37; IC 0&#44;18&#8208;1&#44;8&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;338&#41;&#46; A an&#225;lise multivariada com ajustes para &#237;ndice de Breslow&#44; sexo e idade ao diagn&#243;stico do melanoma foi aplicada&#44; e a presen&#231;a de IIT moderado a marcado apresentou OR de 0&#44;68 &#40;95&#37; IC 0&#44;13&#8208;3&#44;99&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;669&#41;&#46; As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">figuras 1&#44; 2 e 3</a> mostram imagens histopatol&#243;gicas de IIT leve&#44; moderado e marcado em paciente com MCPF&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O papel da resposta imune no melanoma cut&#226;neo vem ganhando aten&#231;&#227;o nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; particularmente com o advento de terapias imunomoduladoras para a doen&#231;a avan&#231;ada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> O IIT compreende um grupo heterog&#234;neo de linf&#243;citos que diferem entre si pela habilidade de potencializar o sistema imune em sua capacidade antitumoral&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">V&#225;rios estudos correlacionaram melhor sobrevida do melanoma cut&#226;neo com a presen&#231;a de IIT&#44; em particular os infiltrados densos &#40;marcados&#41;&#46; Clark et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> demonstraram que a intensidade do IIT &#233; associada &#224; sobrevida livre de doen&#231;a&#44; e Clemente et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> encontraram um &#237;ndice de sobrevida de 77&#37; ap&#243;s cinco anos em pacientes com IIT denso&#44; comparado com 53&#37; naqueles com IIT n&#227;o denso e 37&#37; em pacientes sem IIT&#46; Tuthill et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> evidenciaram um &#237;ndice de sobrevida de 100&#37; ap&#243;s cinco anos e 93&#37; ap&#243;s dez anos em pacientes com IIT denso&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No entanto&#44; alguns estudos n&#227;o revelam associa&#231;&#227;o significante entre IIT e &#237;ndice de sobrevida em pacientes com melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;20</span></a> Esses resultados podem ser decorrentes da inclus&#227;o de dados sobre MCPFs que est&#227;o na fase de crescimento radial&#44; visto que&#44; durante essa fase&#44; h&#225; pouco embasamento para considerar o IIT um preditor de resultados&#44; ou em virtude da classifica&#231;&#227;o err&#244;nea de linf&#243;citos encontrados pr&#243;ximos ao tumor como sendo um IIT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e histopatol&#243;gicas estiveram de acordo com achados de estudos pr&#233;vios&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;22&#44;23</span></a> Houve alta frequ&#234;ncia da fase de crescimento vertical em pacientes com met&#225;stases em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;queles livres de dissemina&#231;&#227;o maligna &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#44; com maior espessura de Breslow naqueles afetados por met&#225;stases &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#46; Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; topografia&#44; a maior ocorr&#234;ncia de melanoma foi no tronco&#44; e o subtipo mais frequentemente encontrado foi o melanoma de espalhamento superficial&#46; O sexo masculino foi o mais comum entre os pacientes metast&#225;ticos &#40;63&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; achado frequente nos MCPFs&#44; mas&#44; quando presente&#44; altera o estadiamento do c&#226;ncer de T1a a T1b &#40;de acordo com o American Joint Committee on Cancer&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi observada diferen&#231;a na presen&#231;a de ulcera&#231;&#227;o entre os dois grupos&#46; A regress&#227;o tumoral na histopatologia ocorre em 10&#37; a 35&#37; dos melanomas cut&#226;neos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;25</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; ela esteve mais presente em indiv&#237;duos metast&#225;ticos &#40;45&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 28&#44;6&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;386&#41;&#46; Um estudo multic&#234;ntrico recente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> relatou que a regress&#227;o &#233; altamente relacionada com o IIT&#44; mas apenas o IIT est&#225; significantemente associado com met&#225;stases linfonodais e sobrevida global em pacientes com melanoma &#40;a regress&#227;o&#44; isoladamente&#44; n&#227;o se associou aos desfechos&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ainda que se admita a baixa incid&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases em pacientes com MCPF&#44; quando comparado aos melanomas invasivos&#44; h&#225; controv&#233;rsias na literatura quanto aos dados&#46; Essas diferen&#231;as podem estar relacionadas &#224; fase de diagn&#243;stico do tumor prim&#225;rio ou a outros fatores do ind&#237;viduo e das caracter&#237;sticas bioimunol&#243;gicas de determinados tumores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados do presente estudo n&#227;o conseguiram atestar a prote&#231;&#227;o do IIT para o desenvolvimento de met&#225;stases&#44; pois todos os pacientes avaliados&#44; com e sem met&#225;stases&#44; apresentavam o infiltrado&#46; Ainda que os pacientes com MCPF n&#227;o metast&#225;tico apresentassem mais frequentemente IIT moderado a marcado&#44; quando comparados aos pacientes metast&#225;ticos &#8211; 67&#44;9&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 54&#44;5&#37;&#59; respectivamente &#8211; n&#227;o houve demonstra&#231;&#227;o de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;68&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;669&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a de IIT em todos os pacientes com melanomas finos &#40;metast&#225;ticos ou n&#227;o&#41; neste estudo pode revelar que o papel das infiltra&#231;&#245;es linfoc&#237;ticas seja o de tentar evitar precocemente que o melanoma progrida para a fase de maior invas&#227;o&#44; ainda que n&#227;o consiga evitar a dissemina&#231;&#227;o metast&#225;tica de alguns poucos MCPFs&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo decorre da pequena frequ&#234;ncia de ocorr&#234;ncia de casos metast&#225;ticos nos MCPFs&#44; com impacto no n&#250;mero amostral reduzido para a realiza&#231;&#227;o da avalia&#231;&#227;o&#46; Por outro lado&#44; o fato de neste estudo terem sido encontradas vari&#225;veis j&#225; estabelecidas na literatura quanto &#224; caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do melanoma&#44; incluindo fatores progn&#243;sticos como a espessura de Breslow e a fase de crescimento vertical&#44; demonstra a adequada qualidade dos dados obtidos&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos sobre o IIT s&#227;o cada vez mais oportunos dada a import&#226;ncia conhecida do sistema imunol&#243;gico na determina&#231;&#227;o do comportamento do c&#226;ncer e o papel emergente da inibi&#231;&#227;o do controle imunol&#243;gico no tratamento do melanoma&#46; Para resultados mais consistentes&#44; sugere&#8208;se a condu&#231;&#227;o de estudos longitudinais e com maior n&#250;mero amostral&#46; Como perspectiva&#44; a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do imunofen&#243;tipo do IIT pode trazer informa&#231;&#245;es relevantes&#46; Por fim&#44; &#233; importante ressaltar que&#44; antes de serem adotados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; os biomarcadores tumorais devem ter valida&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e anal&#237;tica&#44; al&#233;m de demonstra&#231;&#227;o de utilidade cl&#237;nica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os pacientes com MCPF apresentaram IIT&#44; e n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as estat&#237;sticas detect&#225;veis entre metast&#225;ticos e n&#227;o metast&#225;ticos&#44; ainda que a frequ&#234;ncia de IIT marcado a moderado tenha ocorrido&#44; principalmente em MCPF n&#227;o metast&#225;tico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariele Bevilaqua&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Carolina Rey&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gian Carlo Antonini Cappellini&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Felice Riccardi&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cristina Fortes&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adriana Vial Roehe&#58; Levantamento de dados&#59; an&#225;lise ou interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renan Rangel Bonamigo&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nos melanomas cut&#226;neos em geral&#44; o infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio tumoral &#40;IIT&#41; pode proteger de met&#225;stases a dist&#226;ncia&#44; mas n&#227;o h&#225; consenso quando apenas os melanomas cut&#226;neo prim&#225;rios finos &#40;MCPFs&#41; s&#227;o considerados&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar a presen&#231;a do IIT nos MCPFs e a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o IIT e a ocorr&#234;ncia de met&#225;stases&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo caso&#8208;controle que incluiu 50 pacientes com MCPF&#44; dos quais 22 eram metast&#225;ticos &#40;grupo CM&#41; e 28 n&#227;o metast&#225;ticos &#40;grupo CNM&#41;&#46; A presen&#231;a do IIT foi avaliada e&#44; se presente&#44; qualificada em leve&#44; moderada ou acentuada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A idade m&#233;dia foi de 50&#44;7 anos no CM e de 56&#44;2 anos no CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;234&#41;&#44; e o sexo masculino predominou no CM &#40;63&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A espessura m&#233;dia segundo Breslow foi maior no CM quando comparada &#224; observada no CNM &#40;respectivamente 0&#44;8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 0&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;012&#41;&#46; Houve ulcera&#231;&#227;o em 22&#44;7&#37; do CM e em 17&#44;9&#37; do CNM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;732&#41;&#46; O IIT esteve presente em todos os 50 MCPFs&#44; sendo acentuado e moderado em 67&#44;9&#37; do CNM e em 54&#44;5&#37; do CM &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;503&#41;&#46; Na an&#225;lise multivariada&#44; a presen&#231;a de IIT moderado e acentuado apresentou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; de 0&#44;57 &#40;intervalo de confian&#231;a &#91;IC&#93; de 95&#37; de 0&#44;18&#8208;1&#44;8&#41; e OR ajustado de 0&#44;68 &#40;95&#37; IC 0&#44;13&#8208;3&#44;99&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Reduzido valor amostral&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O IIT esteve presente em todos os MCPFs &#40;com e sem met&#225;stases&#41;&#44; e n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel comprovar efeito protetor do IIT para o surgimento de met&#225;stases&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Trabalho realizado no Programa de P&#243;s&#8208;Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Patologia&#44; Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre&#44; Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre&#44; Porto Alegre&#44; RS&#44; Brasil&#59; Istituto Dermopatico dell&#8217;Immacolata&#44; Roma&#44; It&#225;lia&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopatol&#243;gico evidenciando infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio peritumoral moderado&#46; Hematoxilina &#38; eosina&#44; &#40;A&#41;&#44; Aumento de 4&#215;&#46; &#40;B&#41;&#44; Aumento de 10&#215;&#46; &#40;C&#41;&#44; Aumento de 20&#215;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopatol&#243;gico evidenciando infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio tumoral marcado&#46; Hematoxilina &#38; eosina&#46; &#40;A&#41;&#44; Aumento de 4&#215;&#46; &#40;B&#41;&#44; Aumento de 10&#215;&#46; &#40;C&#41;&#44; Aumento de 20&#215;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo masculino&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;63&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;46&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;354&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;234&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#237;tio tumoral inicial&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cabe&#231;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#47;21 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#47;28 &#40;14&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tronco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#47;21 &#40;66&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#47;28 &#40;53&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Membros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">07&#47;21 &#40;33&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">09&#47;28 &#40;32&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hematog&#234;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;56&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;21&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;21&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;92&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fase de crescimento vertical&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&#47;15 &#40;80&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#47;28 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ulcera&#231;&#227;o&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Perfil da amostra de pacientes com melanoma cut&#226;neo prim&#225;rio fino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Schadendorf"
                            1 => "A&#46;C&#46;J&#46; van Akkooi"
                            2 => "C&#46; Berking"
                            3 => "K&#46;G&#46; Griewank"
                            4 => "R&#46; Gutzmer"
                            5 => "A&#46; Hauschild"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31559-9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Melanoma&#46; Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "392"
                        "paginaInicial" => "971"
                        "paginaFinal" => "984"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30238891"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0145"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Identification of high&#8208;risk patients among those diagnosed with thin cutaneous melanomas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;A&#46; Gimotty"
                            1 => "D&#46;E&#46; Elder"
                            2 => "D&#46;L&#46; Fraker"
                            3 => "J&#46; Botbyl"
                            4 => "K&#46; Sellers"
                            5 => "R&#46; Elenitsas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2006.08.1463"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1129"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1134"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17369575"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical whole&#8208;body skin examination reduces the incidence of thick melanomas"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;F&#46; Aitken"
                            1 => "M&#46; Elwood"
                            2 => "P&#46;D&#46; Baade"
                            3 => "P&#46; Youl"
                            4 => "D&#46; English"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.24747"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "126"
                        "paginaInicial" => "450"
                        "paginaFinal" => "458"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609948"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Melanomas detected in a follow&#8208;up program compared with melanomas referred to a melanoma unit"
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                          "autores" => array:5 [
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                            2 => "C&#46; Carrera"
                            3 => "S&#46; Puig"
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                    ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archdermatol.2010.430"
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                      "titulo" => "The impact of physician screening on melanoma detection"
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                            3 => "A&#46;C&#46; Halpern"
                            4 => "G&#46; Argenziano"
                            5 => "A&#46;A&#46; Marghoob"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Dermoscopy and overdiagnosis of melanoma in situ"
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                            0 => "K&#46;L&#46; Nufer"
                            1 => "A&#46;P&#46; Raphael"
                            2 => "H&#46;P&#46; Soyer"
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ISSN: 26662752
Idioma original: Português
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