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No grupo caso&#44; foram realizadas tr&#234;s l&#226;minas de imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica para cada marcador&#46; No grupo controle&#44; duas l&#226;minas para cada marcador&#44; visando a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica de dados em <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clusters</span>&#46; Foram utilizados os anticorpos nestina &#40;ABCAM&#174;&#41;&#44; endoglina &#40;CD105&#41; &#40;NOVO CASTRA&#174;&#41; e VEGF&#8208;C &#40;IN VITRO GEN&#174;&#41; com a t&#233;cnica padr&#227;o de imunoperoxidase&#46; A subst&#226;ncia crom&#243;gena foi o 3&#8208;amino&#8208;9&#8208;etilcarbazol &#40;AEC&#41;&#44; como j&#225; utilizada em estudo pr&#233;vio de melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para endoglina&#44; foram determinados os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hots spots</span> de neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o das les&#245;es em campos de dez aumentos&#46; Foram consideradas positivas as rea&#231;&#245;es imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micas de moderada a forte intensidade&#46; Foram fotografados at&#233; quatro <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hot spots</span> por l&#226;mina&#46; A captura da imagem foi em objetiva de 40 aumentos&#46; Em seguida&#44; contou&#8208;se o n&#250;mero de microvasos de cada les&#227;o&#46; &#193;reas de fibrose foram evitadas&#44; pois poderiam corresponder &#224; neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o de reparo&#44; e n&#227;o &#224; neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para a avalia&#231;&#227;o das diferen&#231;as dos marcadores imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micos&#44; utilizamos uma an&#225;lise com base no procedimento de equa&#231;&#245;es de estimativas generalizadas &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Generalized Estimating Equations</span> &#8211; GEE&#41;&#46; Essa t&#233;cnica leva em considera&#231;&#227;o o efeito de dados em conglomerados &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clusters</span>&#41; no qual um determinado paciente pode contribuir com um n&#250;mero maior de observa&#231;&#245;es do que outro&#46; Assim&#44; &#233; feito um ajuste para as medidas correlacionadas obtidas em um mesmo indiv&#237;duo&#46; De acordo com os pressupostos de distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#44; foram utilizadas fun&#231;&#245;es de liga&#231;&#227;o por identidade &#40;Gaussiana&#41;&#44; log e Poisson&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto &#224; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; os dados quantitativos foram descritos por m&#233;dia e erro&#8208;padr&#227;o&#44; e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas por contagens e percentuais&#46; Compara&#231;&#245;es iniciais entre os grupos foram realizadas pelo teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span> ou pelo teste exato de Fisher&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi de &#945;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; Os dados foram digitados em planilha de Excel e analisados com o aux&#237;lio do programa IBM&#8208;SPSS vers&#227;o 22&#46;0&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A maioria dos pacientes no grupo caso era de homens &#40;75&#37;&#41;&#46; Nos controles&#44; 47&#37; dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino&#46; Essa diferen&#231;a foi estatisticamente significante &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;041&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade no grupo caso foi de 52 anos&#44; e no grupo controle de 55 anos&#46; Nos dois grupos&#44; a localiza&#231;&#227;o topogr&#225;fica mais frequente do melanoma prim&#225;rio foi o tronco&#46; Tamb&#233;m nos dois grupos o subtipo histol&#243;gico mais frequente foi o melanoma de espalhamento superficial&#46; Esses dados n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As rea&#231;&#245;es imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micas dos marcadores est&#227;o ilustradas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> &#40;A&#58; nestina&#44; B&#58; nestina&#44; C&#58; endoglina&#44; D&#58; endoglina&#44; E&#58; VEGF&#8208;C&#44; F&#58; VEGF&#8208;C&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A rea&#231;&#227;o imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica positiva para endoglina foi considerada moderada a forte&#46; No grupo caso&#44; a m&#233;dia do n&#250;mero de estruturas vasculares identificadas foi de 11&#44;47 com erro padr&#227;o de 1&#44;27&#46; No grupo controle foi de 9&#44;22&#44; com erro padr&#227;o 0&#44;59&#46; Essa diferen&#231;a&#44; n&#227;o foi significante &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;088&#41;&#46; Nestina e VEGF&#8208;C n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;as entre os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O sexo masculino j&#225; &#233; reconhecido como o que apresenta pior progn&#243;stico nos doentes com melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; os pacientes com melanoma fino e met&#225;stases do sexo masculino prevaleceram quando comparados ao feminino&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A nestina&#44; importante na prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular&#44; e o VEGF&#8208;C&#44; importante na infangiog&#234;nese&#44; j&#225; foram descritos no melanoma cut&#226;neo em geral&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A endoglina &#40;tamb&#233;m conhecida como CD105&#41; participa da angiog&#234;nese por meio da prolifera&#231;&#227;o e migra&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas endoteliais e da morfog&#234;nese dos capilares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Foi identificada a possibilidade do envolvimento da endoglina na regula&#231;&#227;o das propriedades biol&#243;gicas das c&#233;lulas do melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> A express&#227;o da endoglina j&#225; foi detectada em les&#245;es melanoc&#237;ticas e em culturas de c&#233;lulas de melanoma&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> indicando seu poss&#237;vel envolvimento na regula&#231;&#227;o das propriedades biol&#243;gicas das c&#233;lulas do melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; poss&#237;vel que ocorra participa&#231;&#227;o da endoglina na angiog&#234;nese observada em melanomas finos&#44; em especial nos tumores com met&#225;stases&#44; mas este estudo n&#227;o evidenciou comprova&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica definitiva&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Carolina Widholzer Rey&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e o desenho do estudo&#59; levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adriana Roehe&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Felice Riccardi&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz Silva de Souza&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariele Bevilaqua&#58; Reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renan Rangel Bonamigo&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Rey MC&#44; Roehe A&#44; Riccardi F&#44; Souza BS&#44; Bevilaqua M&#44; Bonamigo RR&#46; Thin cutaneous melanoma&#58; investigation of the immunohistochemical expression of endoglin&#44; VEGF&#8208;C and nestin&#46; An Bras dermatol&#46; 2022&#59;97&#58;814&#8211;6&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Express&#245;es imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micas&#46; &#40;A&#41; Nestina &#40;20X&#41;&#46; &#40;B&#41; Nestina &#40;40X&#41;&#46; &#40;C&#41; Endoglina &#40;40X&#41;&#46; &#40;D&#41; Endoglina &#40;40X&#41;&#46; &#40;E&#41; VEGF&#8208;C &#40;20X&#41;&#46; &#40;F&#41; VEGF&#8208;C &#40;40X&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">55&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;209&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Tronco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;38&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;70&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Membros inferiores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Face&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;7&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Escalpo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;4&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Subtipo histol&#243;gico&#44; n&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;311&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma espalhamento superficial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;86&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;80&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lentigo maligno melanoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;9&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma nodular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma acral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas gerais dos pacientes com melanoma fino com met&#225;stases &#40;Casos&#41; e sem met&#225;stases &#40;Controles&#41;</p>"
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      ]
    ]
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        0 => array:2 [
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Melanoma epidemiology and sun exposure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Raimondi"
                            1 => "M&#46; Suppa"
                            2 => "S&#46; Gandini"
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                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Derm Venereol&#46;"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma&#46; European consensus&#8208;based interdisciplinary guideline &#8211; update 2016"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            2 => "A&#46; Hauschild"
                            3 => "P&#46; Saiag"
                            4 => "M&#46; Middleton"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ejca.2016.05.005"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Cancer&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "63"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27367293"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The natural course of cutaneous melanoma"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "U&#46; Leiter"
                            1 => "F&#46; Meier"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jso.20079"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Oncol&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "172"
                        "paginaFinal" => "178"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15221923"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "MMP&#8208;2 and TIMP&#8208;2 in cutaneous melanoma&#58; association with prognostic factors and description in cutaneous metastases"
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                          "etal" => false
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Dermatopathol&#46;"
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                      ]
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                      "titulo" => "PECAM&#8208;1 isoforms&#44; eNOS and endoglin axis in regulation of angiogenesis"
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                          "autores" => array:3 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1042/CS20140714"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Sci &#40;Lond&#41;"
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                      "titulo" => "Electrotransfer of plasmid DNA encoding an anti&#8208;mouse endoglin &#40;CD105&#41; shRNA to B16 melanoma tumors with low and high metastatic potential results in pronounced anti&#8208;tumor effects"
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                        "volumen" => "8"
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                      "titulo" => "Expression and structural features of endoglin &#40;CD105&#41;&#44; a transforming growth factor &#946;1 and &#946;3 binding protein&#44; in human melanoma"
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                            2 => "E&#46; Fonsatti"
                            3 => "F&#46; Colizzi"
                            4 => "I&#46; Cattarossi"
                            5 => "L&#46;I&#46; Brasoveanu"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/bjc.1996.593"
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                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1586"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1591"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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        "titulo" => "Agradecimentos"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Agradecemos a colabora&#231;&#227;o inestim&#225;vel do Dr&#46; M&#225;rio Wagner e da Dra&#46; Tatiana Wittee Neetzow Nunes&#46;</p>"
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      ]
    ]
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Carta ‐ Investigação
Melanoma cutâneo fino: expressão imuno‐histoquímica da endoglina, do VEGF‐C e da nestina
Maria Carolina Widholzer Reya,
Autor para correspondência
caro2rey@yahoo.com.br

Autor para correspondência.
, Adriana Roeheb, Felice Riccardic, Beatriz Silva de Souzad, Mariele Bevilaquaa,e, Renan Rangel Bonamigoa
a Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
b Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
c Hospital Santa Rita, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre; Diretor executivo, Grupo Brasileiro de Melanoma, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
d Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
e Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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nestina&#44; endoglina e VEGF&#8208;C&#46; O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Institui&#231;&#227;o &#40;n&#250;mero do parecer&#58; 332&#46;405&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizado um estudo caso&#8208;controle com 85 pacientes&#58; 20 deles no grupo caso e 65 no grupo controle&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O grupo caso foi constitu&#237;do por pacientes que apresentavam met&#225;stase de melanoma a partir de uma les&#227;o cut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria de melanoma fino &#40;at&#233; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de espessura&#41;&#46; Os controles foram pacientes com melanoma fino&#44; mas sem met&#225;stase&#46; Foram coletados dados quanto ao sexo&#44; idade&#44; topografia e subtipo histol&#243;gico do melanoma&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 85 pacientes&#44; 37 expressaram marcadores &#40;sete do grupo caso e 30 do grupo controle&#41;&#46; No grupo caso&#44; foram realizadas tr&#234;s l&#226;minas de imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica para cada marcador&#46; No grupo controle&#44; duas l&#226;minas para cada marcador&#44; visando a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica de dados em <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clusters</span>&#46; Foram utilizados os anticorpos nestina &#40;ABCAM&#174;&#41;&#44; endoglina &#40;CD105&#41; &#40;NOVO CASTRA&#174;&#41; e VEGF&#8208;C &#40;IN VITRO GEN&#174;&#41; com a t&#233;cnica padr&#227;o de imunoperoxidase&#46; A subst&#226;ncia crom&#243;gena foi o 3&#8208;amino&#8208;9&#8208;etilcarbazol &#40;AEC&#41;&#44; como j&#225; utilizada em estudo pr&#233;vio de melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para endoglina&#44; foram determinados os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hots spots</span> de neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o das les&#245;es em campos de dez aumentos&#46; Foram consideradas positivas as rea&#231;&#245;es imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micas de moderada a forte intensidade&#46; Foram fotografados at&#233; quatro <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hot spots</span> por l&#226;mina&#46; A captura da imagem foi em objetiva de 40 aumentos&#46; Em seguida&#44; contou&#8208;se o n&#250;mero de microvasos de cada les&#227;o&#46; &#193;reas de fibrose foram evitadas&#44; pois poderiam corresponder &#224; neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o de reparo&#44; e n&#227;o &#224; neovasculariza&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para a avalia&#231;&#227;o das diferen&#231;as dos marcadores imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micos&#44; utilizamos uma an&#225;lise com base no procedimento de equa&#231;&#245;es de estimativas generalizadas &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Generalized Estimating Equations</span> &#8211; GEE&#41;&#46; Essa t&#233;cnica leva em considera&#231;&#227;o o efeito de dados em conglomerados &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clusters</span>&#41; no qual um determinado paciente pode contribuir com um n&#250;mero maior de observa&#231;&#245;es do que outro&#46; Assim&#44; &#233; feito um ajuste para as medidas correlacionadas obtidas em um mesmo indiv&#237;duo&#46; De acordo com os pressupostos de distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#44; foram utilizadas fun&#231;&#245;es de liga&#231;&#227;o por identidade &#40;Gaussiana&#41;&#44; log e Poisson&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto &#224; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; os dados quantitativos foram descritos por m&#233;dia e erro&#8208;padr&#227;o&#44; e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas por contagens e percentuais&#46; Compara&#231;&#245;es iniciais entre os grupos foram realizadas pelo teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span> ou pelo teste exato de Fisher&#46; O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi de &#945;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; Os dados foram digitados em planilha de Excel e analisados com o aux&#237;lio do programa IBM&#8208;SPSS vers&#227;o 22&#46;0&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A maioria dos pacientes no grupo caso era de homens &#40;75&#37;&#41;&#46; Nos controles&#44; 47&#37; dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino&#46; Essa diferen&#231;a foi estatisticamente significante &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;041&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade no grupo caso foi de 52 anos&#44; e no grupo controle de 55 anos&#46; Nos dois grupos&#44; a localiza&#231;&#227;o topogr&#225;fica mais frequente do melanoma prim&#225;rio foi o tronco&#46; Tamb&#233;m nos dois grupos o subtipo histol&#243;gico mais frequente foi o melanoma de espalhamento superficial&#46; Esses dados n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As rea&#231;&#245;es imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micas dos marcadores est&#227;o ilustradas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> &#40;A&#58; nestina&#44; B&#58; nestina&#44; C&#58; endoglina&#44; D&#58; endoglina&#44; E&#58; VEGF&#8208;C&#44; F&#58; VEGF&#8208;C&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A rea&#231;&#227;o imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica positiva para endoglina foi considerada moderada a forte&#46; No grupo caso&#44; a m&#233;dia do n&#250;mero de estruturas vasculares identificadas foi de 11&#44;47 com erro padr&#227;o de 1&#44;27&#46; No grupo controle foi de 9&#44;22&#44; com erro padr&#227;o 0&#44;59&#46; Essa diferen&#231;a&#44; n&#227;o foi significante &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;088&#41;&#46; Nestina e VEGF&#8208;C n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;as entre os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O sexo masculino j&#225; &#233; reconhecido como o que apresenta pior progn&#243;stico nos doentes com melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; os pacientes com melanoma fino e met&#225;stases do sexo masculino prevaleceram quando comparados ao feminino&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A nestina&#44; importante na prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular&#44; e o VEGF&#8208;C&#44; importante na infangiog&#234;nese&#44; j&#225; foram descritos no melanoma cut&#226;neo em geral&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A endoglina &#40;tamb&#233;m conhecida como CD105&#41; participa da angiog&#234;nese por meio da prolifera&#231;&#227;o e migra&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas endoteliais e da morfog&#234;nese dos capilares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Foi identificada a possibilidade do envolvimento da endoglina na regula&#231;&#227;o das propriedades biol&#243;gicas das c&#233;lulas do melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> A express&#227;o da endoglina j&#225; foi detectada em les&#245;es melanoc&#237;ticas e em culturas de c&#233;lulas de melanoma&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> indicando seu poss&#237;vel envolvimento na regula&#231;&#227;o das propriedades biol&#243;gicas das c&#233;lulas do melanoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; poss&#237;vel que ocorra participa&#231;&#227;o da endoglina na angiog&#234;nese observada em melanomas finos&#44; em especial nos tumores com met&#225;stases&#44; mas este estudo n&#227;o evidenciou comprova&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica definitiva&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Carolina Widholzer Rey&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e o desenho do estudo&#59; levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adriana Roehe&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Felice Riccardi&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz Silva de Souza&#58; Levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariele Bevilaqua&#58; Reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; revis&#227;o&#59; cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renan Rangel Bonamigo&#58; Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho do estudo&#59; levantamento dos dados&#47;an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o do artigo ou revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do conte&#250;do intelectual importante&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual na conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica dos casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o final da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Rey MC&#44; Roehe A&#44; Riccardi F&#44; Souza BS&#44; Bevilaqua M&#44; Bonamigo RR&#46; Thin cutaneous melanoma&#58; investigation of the immunohistochemical expression of endoglin&#44; VEGF&#8208;C and nestin&#46; An Bras dermatol&#46; 2022&#59;97&#58;814&#8211;6&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">55&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;209&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Tronco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;38&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;70&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;27&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Membros inferiores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Face&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;7&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Escalpo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;4&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;10&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Subtipo histol&#243;gico&#44; n&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;311&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma espalhamento superficial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;86&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;80&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lentigo maligno melanoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;9&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma nodular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma acral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3688223.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas gerais dos pacientes com melanoma fino com met&#225;stases &#40;Casos&#41; e sem met&#225;stases &#40;Controles&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Melanoma epidemiology and sun exposure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Raimondi"
                            1 => "M&#46; Suppa"
                            2 => "S&#46; Gandini"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Derm Venereol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "100"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma&#46; European consensus&#8208;based interdisciplinary guideline &#8211; update 2016"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Garbe"
                            1 => "K&#46; Peris"
                            2 => "A&#46; Hauschild"
                            3 => "P&#46; Saiag"
                            4 => "M&#46; Middleton"
                            5 => "L&#46; Bastholt"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ejca.2016.05.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Cancer&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "201"
                        "paginaFinal" => "217"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The natural course of cutaneous melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "U&#46; Leiter"
                            1 => "F&#46; Meier"
                            2 => "B&#46; Schittek"
                            3 => "C&#46; Garbe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jso.20079"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Oncol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "172"
                        "paginaFinal" => "178"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                      ]
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            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "MMP&#8208;2 and TIMP&#8208;2 in cutaneous melanoma&#58; association with prognostic factors and description in cutaneous metastases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46;W&#46; Rey"
                            1 => "R&#46;R&#46; Bonamigo"
                            2 => "A&#46; Cartell"
                            3 => "R&#46; Furian"
                            4 => "R&#46; Bonf&#225;"
                            5 => "R&#46; Bonf&#225;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Dermatopathol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "413"
                        "paginaFinal" => "414"
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            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "PECAM&#8208;1 isoforms&#44; eNOS and endoglin axis in regulation of angiogenesis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Park"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Sorenson"
                            2 => "N&#46; Sheibani"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1042/CS20140714"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Sci &#40;Lond&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "217"
                        "paginaFinal" => "234"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976664"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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                      ]
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            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Electrotransfer of plasmid DNA encoding an anti&#8208;mouse endoglin &#40;CD105&#41; shRNA to B16 melanoma tumors with low and high metastatic potential results in pronounced anti&#8208;tumor effects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Dolinsek"
                            1 => "G&#46; Sersa"
                            2 => "L&#46; Prosen"
                            3 => "M&#46; Bosnjak"
                            4 => "M&#46; Stimac"
                            5 => "U&#46; Razborsek"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3390/cancers8010003"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancers &#40;Basel&#41;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26712792"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Expression and structural features of endoglin &#40;CD105&#41;&#44; a transforming growth factor &#946;1 and &#946;3 binding protein&#44; in human melanoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Altomonte"
                            1 => "R&#46; Montagner"
                            2 => "E&#46; Fonsatti"
                            3 => "F&#46; Colizzi"
                            4 => "I&#46; Cattarossi"
                            5 => "L&#46;I&#46; Brasoveanu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/bjc.1996.593"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Cancer&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1586"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1591"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8932339"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                      ]
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                ]
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            ]
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ISSN: 26662752
Idioma original: Português
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