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encontrado nos v&#237;rus &#40;influenza&#44; v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio&#41;&#44; enquanto o TLR 9 detecta mol&#233;culas de DNA de fita simples contendo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">unmethylated CpG &#40;containing motifs&#41;</span> comumente encontrados no genoma de v&#237;rus como herpes simples &#40;HSV&#41;&#46; Assim&#44; as pDCs detectam as infec&#231;&#245;es virais por reconhecimento dos &#225;cidos nucleicos virais e constituem importantes mediadoras da imunidade antiviral&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As pDCs s&#227;o uma conex&#227;o importante entre as imunidades inata e adaptativa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Essas c&#233;lulas produzem IFNs tipo&#160;1 em resposta &#224;s infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; promovendo um estado antiviral por meio da express&#227;o de genes estimulados por IFN e do apoptose de c&#233;lulas infectadas&#46; Em conjunto com IFN&#44; as interleucinas &#40;IL&#41;&#8208;12 e IL&#8208;18 ativam as c&#233;lulas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">natural killer</span> &#40;NK&#41;&#44; gerando a secre&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;&#947; e a lise de c&#233;lulas&#8208;alvo&#46; A produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN pelas pDCs tamb&#233;m leva ao est&#237;mulo de macr&#243;fagos e c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas&#46; Por meio da express&#227;o de complexos de histocompatibilidade &#40;MHC&#41; e mol&#233;culas coestimuladoras &#40;CD80&#44; CD86&#44; CD40&#41;&#44; as pDCs promovem a imunidade adaptativa&#44; atuando como c&#233;lulas apresentadoras de ant&#237;geno tanto para linf&#243;citos&#8208;T CD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>quanto CD8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46; A express&#227;o de indoleamina&#8208;2&#44;3&#8208;dioxigenase &#40;IDO&#41; e ligante coestimulador induz&#237;vel &#40;ICOSL&#41; geram resposta T&#8208;regulat&#243;ria &#40;Treg&#41;&#44; enquanto a produ&#231;&#227;o de TGF&#8208;&#946; e IL&#8208;6 pelas pDCs leva &#224; resposta T&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">helper</span> &#40;Th&#41;&#160;17&#46; Por meio da produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;I e IL&#8208;12 pelas pDCs h&#225; o est&#237;mulo da atividade TCD8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>e polariza&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas TCD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>para Th1&#46; A produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;I&#44; IL&#8208;6&#44; fator de ativa&#231;&#227;o da c&#233;lula B da fam&#237;lia TNF &#40;BAFF&#41; e ligante indutor de prolifera&#231;&#227;o &#40;APRIL&#41; pelas pDCs causa a expans&#227;o e estimula&#231;&#227;o plasm&#243;citos produtores de anticorpos&#46; Ligante indutor de apoptose relacionado a TNF &#40;TRAIL&#41; e granzima B conferem &#224;s pDCs a capacidade de eliminar c&#233;lulas tumorais&#44; induzir apoptose de c&#233;lulas TCD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>infectadas e suprimir a prolifera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas&#8208;T&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; as pr&#243;prias pDCs estimulam a diferencia&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas plasmocitoides por meio de IFNs tipo I e IL&#8208;6&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;10</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As pDCs n&#227;o est&#227;o habitualmente presentes na pele normal&#59; elas infiltram a pele nos processos de cicatriza&#231;&#227;o e em diversas doen&#231;as&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias&#44; doen&#231;as autoimunes e neopl&#225;sicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Revis&#227;o da literatura sobre a presen&#231;a de pDCs e doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas ser&#225; descrita a seguir&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">L&#250;pus eritematoso cut&#226;neo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No l&#250;pus eritematoso &#40;LE&#41;&#44; as pDCs s&#227;o as principais produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945;&#46; Sabe&#8208;se que as pDCs circulantes est&#227;o reduzidas nos pacientes com l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico &#40;LES&#41;&#44; uma vez que elas migram e infiltram os tecidos&#8208;alvo&#44; como a pele&#46; Diversos estudos demonstraram grandes quantidades de pDCs produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945; nas les&#245;es de l&#250;pus cr&#244;nico discoide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tomasini et al&#46; encontraram diferen&#231;as na distribui&#231;&#227;o das pDCs nos diferentes tipos de l&#250;pus&#58; distribui&#231;&#227;o superficial nos casos de l&#250;pus subagudo e l&#250;pus discoide&#44; e distribui&#231;&#227;o ao redor de vasos profundos nos casos de l&#250;pus t&#250;mido e ret&#237;culo&#8208;histiocitose multic&#234;ntrica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Tamb&#233;m verificaram rela&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a intensidade do infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio e a quantidade de pDCs&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; o n&#250;mero de pDCs nas les&#245;es de l&#250;pus &#40;LE&#41; e dermatomiosite &#40;DM&#41; correlacionou&#8208;se com a express&#227;o de prote&#237;na de resist&#234;ncia ao mixov&#237;rus &#40;MxA&#41;&#44; prote&#237;na induzida por IFN&#8208;&#945;&#47;&#946;&#44; sugerindo que as pDCs s&#227;o fonte importante de IFN&#8208;&#945; nessas doen&#231;as&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;14&#44;15</span></a> McNiff et al&#46; verificaram que as pDCs foram preferencialmente detectadas na epiderme nos pacientes com dermatomiosite&#44; quando comparados com os pacientes com l&#250;pus&#44; nos quais a localiza&#231;&#227;o foi principalmente na derme&#44; sugerindo que no LE os complexos de autoanticorpos circulantes migram atrav&#233;s dos vasos antes de se depositarem na pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">L&#237;quen plano</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vries et al&#46; observaram pDCs CD123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>abundantes nos fragmentos de pele de l&#237;quen plano&#44; dispostas no infiltrado linfocit&#225;rio em faixa na jun&#231;&#227;o dermoepid&#233;rmica&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; posteriormente demonstraram a replica&#231;&#227;o de herpes v&#237;rus&#160;7 nas c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides nas les&#245;es de l&#237;quen plano &#40;LP&#41; ativo&#44; com diminui&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s a remiss&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wang et al&#46; descreveram aumento da infiltra&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides no l&#237;quen plano oral&#44; propondo que elas seriam as mediadoras da resposta imune inata nessa doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">L&#237;quen estriado</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Badr et al&#46; encontraram pDCs no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio do l&#237;quen estriado&#44; sugerindo que elas possam apresentar um papel na patog&#234;nese da doen&#231;a&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; descreveram a distribui&#231;&#227;o peri&#233;crina das pDCs no l&#237;quen estriado &#40;LS&#41;&#44; que poderia ser um crit&#233;rio histol&#243;gico &#250;til para diferencia&#231;&#227;o entre LS e LP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Dermatite at&#243;pica</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos pacientes com dermatite at&#243;pica &#40;DA&#41; houve um aumento das pDCs circulantes em compara&#231;&#227;o a controles&#59; al&#233;m disso&#44; o recrutamento de pDCs nas les&#245;es de DA foi muito menor do que o encontrado em outras dermatoses&#44; como LE e psor&#237;ase&#46; Esse fraco recrutamento de pDCs&#44; resultando na baixa produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1 nas les&#245;es de DA poderia explicar a maior suscetibilidade dos pacientes com DA a infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es por herpes simples ou poxv&#237;rus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rossi et al&#46;&#44; em contraposi&#231;&#227;o a estudos anteriores&#44; demonstraram aumento estatisticamente significativo de pDCs nos pacientes com erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz &#40;EPL&#41;&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles saud&#225;veis&#44; provavelmente pelo teste fotoprovocativo realizado&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Psor&#237;ase</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nestle et al&#46; encontraram grandes quantidades de pDCs no infiltrado de linf&#243;citos&#8208;T presente na derme das placas psori&#225;sicas&#44; ausentes na pele de doadores sadios e de pacientes com DA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; as pDCs tamb&#233;m foram encontradas na pele adjacente&#44; mesmo sem les&#245;es aparentes&#46; Os autores tamb&#233;m verificaram redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico dos pacientes com psor&#237;ase quando comparados com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#44; sugerindo que o ac&#250;mulo de pDCs na pele dos pacientes com psor&#237;ase ocorre devido &#224; redistribui&#231;&#227;o das pDCs do sangue para a pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Em modelo animal&#44; os autores demonstraram a produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;&#945; pelas pDCs na pele lesada e sua influ&#234;ncia para a ativa&#231;&#227;o dos linf&#243;citos&#8208;T&#44; levando ao desenvolvimento das les&#245;es de psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outro estudo sobre psor&#237;ase demonstrou que a helioterapia promoveu n&#227;o apenas melhora cl&#237;nica&#44; mas tamb&#233;m redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de pDCs e da express&#227;o de MxA&#44; marcador para IFN&#8208;&#945;&#44; na pele lesional&#44; fortalecendo o papel das pDCs na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A quemerina &#233; um fator quimiot&#225;tico para pDCs s&#233;ricas&#46; Albanesi et al&#46; demonstraram forte express&#227;o de quemerina na derme de pele adjacente &#224;s les&#245;es psori&#225;sicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Houve baixa express&#227;o de quemerina e poucas pDCs nas placas de psor&#237;ase cr&#244;nica&#44; sugerindo que a express&#227;o de quemerina ocorre nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento das les&#245;es de psor&#237;ase e se correlaciona temporalmente com a presen&#231;a das pDCs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Pitir&#237;ase liquenoide</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fisiopatologia da pitir&#237;ase liquenoide &#40;PL&#41; n&#227;o &#233; totalmente compreendida&#46; A demonstra&#231;&#227;o da express&#227;o de MxA nas les&#245;es de PL estabelece a produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Karouni et al&#46; demonstraram a presen&#231;a de pDCs na pele de pacientes com PL nas duas formas&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide e varioliforme aguda &#40;PLEVA&#41; e pitir&#237;ase liquenoide cr&#244;nica &#40;PLC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; encontraram express&#227;o intensa e difusa de MxA&#44; demonstrando sua ativa&#231;&#227;o e produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1&#46; Os autores sugerem que infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; autoant&#237;genos&#44; trauma&#44; ant&#237;genos contra drogas e tumores&#160;&#8211;&#160;previamente associados aos casos de PL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>poderiam contribuir para o recrutamento e ativa&#231;&#227;o das pDCs&#44; cuja presen&#231;a tamb&#233;m foi demonstrada em outras dermatites de interface&#44; como l&#237;quen plano&#44; l&#237;quen estriado&#44; l&#250;pus e dermatomiosite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malard et al&#46; identificaram a presen&#231;a de pDCs em fragmentos de pele de pacientes com DEVH aguda&#44; assim como uma forte express&#227;o de MxA&#44; sinalizando a produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Previamente&#44; o mesmo grupo relatou a redu&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica dos n&#237;veis de pDCs nos pacientes com DEVH aguda&#44; e os autores sugerem que essa redu&#231;&#227;o retrata a infiltra&#231;&#227;o das pDCs nos tecidos&#8208;alvo da DEVH&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> Contudo&#44; a presen&#231;a de c&#233;lulas CD123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>na mucosa oral de pacientes com DEVH cr&#244;nica n&#227;o foi superior aos controles no estudo realizado por Botari et al&#46;&#44; o que poderia sugerir uma participa&#231;&#227;o das pDCs apenas nos est&#225;gios iniciais da doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro &#40;DEVH&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Verrugas</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demonstra&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a de pDCs ativadas nas verrugas virais inflamadas foi baseada na express&#227;o intensa de MxA&#44; ao contr&#225;rio dos dados de Tomasini et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;33</span></a> Os resultados opostos podem estar relacionados aos diferentes crit&#233;rios histol&#243;gicos de verruga inflamada utilizados pelos dois grupos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tassone et al&#46; avaliaram pacientes com s&#237;ndrome WHIM &#40;verrugas&#44; hipogamaglobulinemia&#44; infec&#231;&#245;es e mielocatexia&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44;</span> que apresentam verrugas refrat&#225;rias&#59; os autores apontaram redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico e nas les&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; bem como aus&#234;ncia da produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1&#44; avaliada por meio da express&#227;o de MxA&#44; sugerindo a incapacidade de atividade antiviral das pDCs via TLR9&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Doen&#231;as f&#250;ngicas</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pagliari et al&#46; avaliaram o papel das pDCs em tr&#234;s micoses profundas &#40;cromoblastomicose&#44; lacaziose e paracoccidioidomicose&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> As pDCs foram encontradas em 37&#37; dos fragmentos de pele dos pacientes com cromoblastomicose &#40;CBM&#41; e em&#160;50&#37; dos esp&#233;cimes de pacientes com paracoccidoidomicose &#40;PCM&#41;&#44; por&#233;m ausentes nos pacientes com lacaziose&#46; Os autores sugeriram a hip&#243;tese de que as pDCs seriam fonte secund&#225;ria de citocinas relevantes na atividade antif&#250;ngica nos casos de CBM e PCM&#46; No caso da lacaziose&#44; a aus&#234;ncia de pDCs poderia significar que essas c&#233;lulas n&#227;o atuam na resposta imune antif&#250;ngica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Hansen&#237;ase</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Massone et al&#46; descreveram a aus&#234;ncia de express&#227;o de CD123 nos fragmentos de bi&#243;psia de pele de pacientes com hansen&#237;ase&#44; exceto pela express&#227;o focal em&#160;dois&#160;casos de eritema nodoso hans&#234;nico&#44; inferindo que as pDCs n&#227;o estariam envolvidas na resposta imunol&#243;gica contra o M<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ycobacterium leprae&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Hirai et al&#46;&#44; contudo&#44; encontraram pDCs no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio e tamb&#233;m ao redor dos vasos na pele de pacientes com hansen&#237;ase&#46; O n&#250;mero de pDCs nos casos tuberculoides foi significativamente maior em compara&#231;&#227;o com os casos virchowianos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Tumores cut&#226;neos</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a das pDCs nos tumores cut&#226;neos foi analisada por diversos autores&#46; Abbas et al&#46; identificaram em seu estudo a presen&#231;a de pDCs em 100&#37; dos casos de queratoacantoma &#40;KC&#41; e em 90&#37; dos casos de carcinoma espinocelular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> No KC&#44; as pDCs foram mais abundantes&#44; representando uma propor&#231;&#227;o maior do infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio&#44; e apresentaram maior atividade&#44; sugerindo um poss&#237;vel papel das pDCS na patog&#234;nese da regress&#227;o dos KC&#46; Recentemente&#44; Fraga et al&#46; corroboraram a presen&#231;a abundante de pDCs tanto no KC quanto no carcinoma espinocelular&#44; sem diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imiquimode &#233; agonista seletivo do TLR7&#44; via ativa&#231;&#227;o do fator de transcri&#231;&#227;o NF&#8208;kB e produ&#231;&#227;o de citocinas inflamat&#243;rias&#44; como IFN tipo&#160;1&#44; e &#233; utilizado no tratamento de alguns tumores cut&#226;neos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Carcinomas basocelulares &#40;CBCs&#41; tratados com imiquimode apresentaram pDCs ativadas produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945; no infiltrado peritumoral&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Posteriormente&#44; Ogawa et al&#46; demonstraram a correla&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#250;mero de pDCs recrutadas nas les&#245;es de queratoses act&#237;nicas &#40;QA&#41; e efeito terap&#234;utico do imiquimode nesses casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a das pDCs tamb&#233;m foi descrita no melanoma&#44; principalmente localizadas ao redor dos vasos e pr&#243;ximas &#224;s c&#233;lulas tumorais&#44; tanto nos casos prim&#225;rios quanto nas met&#225;stases&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; essas pDCs n&#227;o est&#227;o ativadas&#44; h&#225; falta de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o TLR7 e TLR9 no ambiente tumoral&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; a produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;I&#44; e foram associadas ao crescimento tumoral&#46; Ao contr&#225;rio&#44; melanomas em regress&#227;o apresentam pDCs ativadas&#44; indicando poss&#237;vel atividade antitumoral&#46; O tratamento de tumores cut&#226;neos &#40;QA&#44; CBCs superficiais&#44; doen&#231;a de Bowen e inclusive lentigo maligno melanoma&#41; com imiquimode &#40;agonista de TLR7 e TLR9&#41; ativa as pDCs a produzirem IFN tipo&#160;1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analogamente&#44; Karouni et al&#46; descreveram que&#44; no sarcoma de Kaposi &#40;SK&#41;&#44; pDCs est&#227;o presentes em 90&#37; dos casos&#44; por&#233;m com express&#227;o diminu&#237;da de MxA&#44; podendo indicar supress&#227;o pelo herpes v&#237;rus associado ao sarcoma de Kaposi &#40;HVSK&#41;&#44; por meio de prote&#237;nas virais que inibiriam as vias de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o respons&#225;veis pela ativa&#231;&#227;o das pDCs&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os principais achados das pDCs nas doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas est&#227;o resumidos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se atualmente que as pDCs s&#227;o o elo entre a imunidade inata e adaptativa&#46; Essas c&#233;lulas n&#227;o s&#227;o residentes na pele&#44; portanto sua presen&#231;a pode indicar seu papel &#40;tanto central quanto adjuvante&#41; nos processos inflamat&#243;rios&#44; autoimunes&#44; neopl&#225;sicos e infecciosos&#46; S&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos sobre as pDCs&#44; que poder&#227;o levar a novos alvos terap&#234;uticos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esse trabalho foi financiado pelo Fundo de Apoio &#224; Dermatologia do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Sebasti&#227;o Sampaio &#40;FUNADERSP&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Projeto 52&#8208;2017&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Natasha Favoretto Dias de Oliveira&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Claudia Giuli Santi&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Celina Wakisaka Maruta&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Valeria Aoki&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides fazem parte da fam&#237;lia das c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas e s&#227;o uma conex&#227;o importante entre as imunidades inata e adaptativa&#46; S&#227;o as mais potentes produtoras de interferon tipo&#160;1&#44; atuando na resposta antiviral&#44; no est&#237;mulo de macr&#243;fagos e c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas e na ativa&#231;&#227;o e migra&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">natural killer</span>&#46; As c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides atuam tamb&#233;m na apresenta&#231;&#227;o de ant&#237;genos&#44; na resposta linfocit&#225;ria&#8208;T&#44; na imunorregula&#231;&#227;o e na diferencia&#231;&#227;o de plasm&#243;citos e secre&#231;&#227;o de anticorpos&#46; As c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides n&#227;o est&#227;o presentes habitualmente na pele normal&#59; elas infiltram a pele nos processos de cicatriza&#231;&#227;o e em diversas doen&#231;as&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias&#44; doen&#231;as autoimunes e neopl&#225;sicas&#46; Nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; a presen&#231;a das c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides em diversas doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas foi descrita&#44; podendo indicar sua participa&#231;&#227;o na patog&#234;nese&#46; Estudos futuros sobre a atua&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides na dermatologia poder&#227;o levar a novos alvos terap&#234;uticos&#46;</p></span>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">C&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides &#40;pDCs&#41;&#58; conex&#227;o de relev&#226;ncia entre as imunidades inata e adaptativa&#46; Adaptado de Mitchell et al&#46;&#44; 2018 e Swiecki et al&#46;&#44; 2015&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p> <p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">APRIL&#44; ligante indutor de prolifera&#231;&#227;o&#59; AFF&#44; fator de ativa&#231;&#227;o da c&#233;lula B da fam&#237;lia fator de necrose tumoral alfa&#59; CD&#44; grupo de diferencia&#231;&#227;o&#59; ICOSL&#44; ligante coestimulador induz&#237;vel&#59; IDO&#44; indoleamina&#8208;2&#44;3&#8208;dioxigenase&#59; IFN&#8208;&#945;&#44; interferon alfa&#59; IL&#44; interleucina&#59; MHC&#44; complexo de histocompatibilidade&#59; NK&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">natural killer</span>&#59; pDC&#44; c&#233;lula dendr&#237;tica plasmocitoide&#59; TGF&#8208;&#946;&#44; fator de transforma&#231;&#227;o do crescimento beta&#59; TH&#44; linf&#243;cito T&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">helper</span>&#59; TRAIL&#44; ligante indutor de apoptose relacionado ao fator de necrose tumoral alfa&#59; Treg&#44; linf&#243;cito T&#8208;regulat&#243;rio&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CBC</span>&#44; carcinoma basocelular&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CBM</span>&#44; cromoblastomicose&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CEC</span>&#44; carcinoma espinocelular&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DA</span>&#44; dermatite at&#243;pica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DEVH</span>&#44; doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DM</span>&#44; dermatomiosite&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EPL</span>&#44; erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HVSK</span>&#44; herpes v&#237;rus associado ao sarcoma de Kaposi&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LD</span>&#44; l&#250;pus discoide&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LES</span>&#44; l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LSA</span>&#44; l&#250;pus subagudo&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LT</span>&#44; tumid l&#250;pus&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PCM</span>&#44; paracoccidioidomicose&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pDCs</span>&#44; c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PL</span>&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PLC</span>&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide cr&#244;nica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PLEVA</span>&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide e varioliforme aguda&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">QA</span>&#44; queratose act&#237;nica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RHM</span>&#44; reticulo&#8208;histiocitose multic&#234;ntrica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SK</span>&#44; sarcoma de Kaposi&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WHIM</span>&#44; verrugas&#44; hipogamaglobulinemia&#44; infec&#231;&#245;es e mielocatexia&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pDCs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">L&#250;pus eritematoso</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LES&#58; pDCs circulantes reduzidas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11&#8211;13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LD&#58; grande quantidade de pDCs produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11&#8211;13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LSA&#44; LD&#58; distribui&#231;&#227;o superficial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LT&#44; RHM&#58; distribui&#231;&#227;o ao redor dos vasos profundos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs localizadas preferencialmente na epiderme nos pacientes com DM e na derme nos casos de l&#250;pus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs dispostas similarmente ao infiltrado linfocit&#225;rio em faixa na jun&#231;&#227;o dermoepid&#233;rmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs presentes no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatite at&#243;pica</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs circulantes aumentadas em rela&#231;&#227;o aos controles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Menor recrutamento de pDCs nas les&#245;es de DA comparado ao de outras dermatoses&#44; como l&#250;pus eritematoso e psor&#237;ase<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Wackernagel et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> pDCs ausentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rossi et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> pDCs aumentadas nas les&#245;es de EPL&#44; principalmente na derme&#46; Os autores atribuem a diferen&#231;a &#224; metodologia com inclus&#227;o de teste fotoprovocativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psor&#237;ase</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs presentes no infiltrado linfocit&#225;rio T na derme das placas de psor&#237;ase e na pele perilesional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico de pacientes com psor&#237;ase<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Helioterapia&#58; redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de pDCs e da express&#227;o de MxA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forte express&#227;o de quemerina e presen&#231;a de pDCs na derme da pele perilesional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pitir&#237;ase liquenoide</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forte express&#227;o de MxA nas les&#245;es de PL &#40;produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Presen&#231;a de pDCs na pele em todos os casos &#40;PLEVA e PLC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Presen&#231;a de pDCs nos fragmentos de pele dos pacientes com DEVH aguda&#44; forte express&#227;o de MxA&#44; sinalizando produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Redu&#231;&#227;o de pDCs s&#233;ricas nos pacientes com DEVH aguda<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Presen&#231;a de c&#233;lulas CD123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>na mucosa oral de pacientes com DHVS cr&#244;nica n&#227;o foi superior<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Verrugas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Saadeh et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> pDCs ativadas nas verrugas virais inflamadas&#44; contr&#225;rio ao encontrado por Tomasini et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> &#40;poss&#237;vel diferen&#231;a no crit&#233;rio histol&#243;gico para verruga inflamada&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico e nas les&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; aus&#234;ncia de produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1 &#40;MxA sem express&#227;o&#41; em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome WHIM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Micoses profundas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs encontradas em 37&#37; dos fragmentos de pele em pacientes com Cromoblastomicose &#40;CBM&#41; e em 50&#37; dos esp&#233;cimes de pacientes com Paracoccidioidomicose &#40;PCM&#41;&#44; por&#233;m ausentes nos casos de lacaziose<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hansen&#237;ase</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Massone et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> aus&#234;ncia de express&#227;o de CD123&#44; exceto express&#227;o focal em&#160;2&#160;casos de eritema nodoso hans&#234;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hirai et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> pDCs no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio e ao redor dos vasos&#46; N&#250;mero de pDCs maior nos casos tuberculoides em rela&#231;&#227;o aos casos virchowianos&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tumores cut&#226;neos</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Queratoacantoma&#58; presen&#231;a de pDCs em&#160;100&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CEC&#58; presen&#231;a de pDCs em 90&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">QA&#58; correla&#231;&#227;o entre a quantidade de pDCs recrutadas nas les&#245;es durante o tratamento com imiquimode e o efeito terap&#234;utico da droga<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CBC&#58; presen&#231;a de pDCs ativadas produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945; no infiltrado peritumoral durante o tratamento com imiquimode<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma&#58; pDCs dispostas ao redor dos vasos&#44; pr&#243;ximas &#224;s c&#233;lulas tumorais&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o ativadas&#46; Presen&#231;a associada ao crescimento tumoral&#46; PDCs ativadas nos casos de melanoma em regress&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SK&#58; pDCs presentes em 90&#37; dos casos&#44; por&#233;m express&#227;o reduzida de MxA &#40;poss&#237;vel supress&#227;o das pDCs pelo HVSK&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas e c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides &#40;pDCs&#41;</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:43 [
            0 => array:3 [
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                            0 => "K&#46; Lennert"
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                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "volumen" => "16"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells&#58; an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases&#44; with special emphasis on Jessner&#39;s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Tomasini"
                            1 => "T&#46; Mentzel"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hantschke"
                            3 => "A&#46; Cerri"
                            4 => "B&#46; Paredes"
                            5 => "A&#46; R&#252;tten"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01587.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "37"
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                      "titulo" => "Immunohistology and aetiology of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
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                            2 => "H&#46; Stein"
                            3 => "H&#46;D&#46; Bruhn"
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                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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                  ]
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "F&#46; Facchetti"
                            1 => "C&#46; de Wolf-Peeters"
                            2 => "D&#46;Y&#46; Mason"
                            3 => "K&#46; Pulford"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; van den Oord"
                            5 => "V&#46;J&#46; Desmet"
                            6 => "T&#46; Plasmacytoid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "cells&#46; Immunohistochemical evidence for their monocyte&#47;macrophage origin&#46; Am J Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "133"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3052093"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0245"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells&#58; sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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Revisão
Células dendríticas plasmocitoides na dermatologia
Natasha Favoretto Dias de Oliveira
Autor para correspondência
natasha.favoretto@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Claudia Giuli Santi, Celina Wakisaka Maruta, Valeria Aoki
Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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as pDCs exibem CD123 &#40;interleucina&#8208;3 receptora de cadeia alfa&#41; e BDCA&#8208;2 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Blood Derived Dendritic Cell Antigen&#8208;</span>2 ou CD303&#41; e s&#227;o mediadores&#8208;chave da imunidade inata&#44; as mais potentes produtoras de interferon tipo I &#40;IFN&#8208;a&#44; IFN&#8208;b&#44; IFN&#8208;l&#44; IFN&#8208;w e IFN&#8208;t&#41;&#44; secretando mil vezes mais IFN&#8208;&#945; e IFN&#8208;&#946; que outros tipos celulares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sua ativa&#231;&#227;o ocorre por meio dos TLR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">toll like receptors</span>&#41;&#160;7&#160;e&#160;9&#44; gerando uma sinaliza&#231;&#227;o que induz a express&#227;o de m&#250;ltiplos genes codificadores de mol&#233;culas imunomoduladoras e pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias&#44; tais como IFN&#8208;&#945;&#46; O TLR7 responde ao RNA de fita simples &#40;rico em guanosina ou uridina&#41; encontrado nos v&#237;rus &#40;influenza&#44; v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio&#41;&#44; enquanto o TLR 9 detecta mol&#233;culas de DNA de fita simples contendo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">unmethylated CpG &#40;containing motifs&#41;</span> comumente encontrados no genoma de v&#237;rus como herpes simples &#40;HSV&#41;&#46; Assim&#44; as pDCs detectam as infec&#231;&#245;es virais por reconhecimento dos &#225;cidos nucleicos virais e constituem importantes mediadoras da imunidade antiviral&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As pDCs s&#227;o uma conex&#227;o importante entre as imunidades inata e adaptativa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Essas c&#233;lulas produzem IFNs tipo&#160;1 em resposta &#224;s infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; promovendo um estado antiviral por meio da express&#227;o de genes estimulados por IFN e do apoptose de c&#233;lulas infectadas&#46; Em conjunto com IFN&#44; as interleucinas &#40;IL&#41;&#8208;12 e IL&#8208;18 ativam as c&#233;lulas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">natural killer</span> &#40;NK&#41;&#44; gerando a secre&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;&#947; e a lise de c&#233;lulas&#8208;alvo&#46; A produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN pelas pDCs tamb&#233;m leva ao est&#237;mulo de macr&#243;fagos e c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas&#46; Por meio da express&#227;o de complexos de histocompatibilidade &#40;MHC&#41; e mol&#233;culas coestimuladoras &#40;CD80&#44; CD86&#44; CD40&#41;&#44; as pDCs promovem a imunidade adaptativa&#44; atuando como c&#233;lulas apresentadoras de ant&#237;geno tanto para linf&#243;citos&#8208;T CD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>quanto CD8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46; A express&#227;o de indoleamina&#8208;2&#44;3&#8208;dioxigenase &#40;IDO&#41; e ligante coestimulador induz&#237;vel &#40;ICOSL&#41; geram resposta T&#8208;regulat&#243;ria &#40;Treg&#41;&#44; enquanto a produ&#231;&#227;o de TGF&#8208;&#946; e IL&#8208;6 pelas pDCs leva &#224; resposta T&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">helper</span> &#40;Th&#41;&#160;17&#46; Por meio da produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;I e IL&#8208;12 pelas pDCs h&#225; o est&#237;mulo da atividade TCD8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>e polariza&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas TCD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>para Th1&#46; A produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;I&#44; IL&#8208;6&#44; fator de ativa&#231;&#227;o da c&#233;lula B da fam&#237;lia TNF &#40;BAFF&#41; e ligante indutor de prolifera&#231;&#227;o &#40;APRIL&#41; pelas pDCs causa a expans&#227;o e estimula&#231;&#227;o plasm&#243;citos produtores de anticorpos&#46; Ligante indutor de apoptose relacionado a TNF &#40;TRAIL&#41; e granzima B conferem &#224;s pDCs a capacidade de eliminar c&#233;lulas tumorais&#44; induzir apoptose de c&#233;lulas TCD4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>infectadas e suprimir a prolifera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas&#8208;T&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; as pr&#243;prias pDCs estimulam a diferencia&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas plasmocitoides por meio de IFNs tipo I e IL&#8208;6&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;10</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As pDCs n&#227;o est&#227;o habitualmente presentes na pele normal&#59; elas infiltram a pele nos processos de cicatriza&#231;&#227;o e em diversas doen&#231;as&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias&#44; doen&#231;as autoimunes e neopl&#225;sicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Revis&#227;o da literatura sobre a presen&#231;a de pDCs e doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas ser&#225; descrita a seguir&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">L&#250;pus eritematoso cut&#226;neo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No l&#250;pus eritematoso &#40;LE&#41;&#44; as pDCs s&#227;o as principais produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945;&#46; Sabe&#8208;se que as pDCs circulantes est&#227;o reduzidas nos pacientes com l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico &#40;LES&#41;&#44; uma vez que elas migram e infiltram os tecidos&#8208;alvo&#44; como a pele&#46; Diversos estudos demonstraram grandes quantidades de pDCs produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945; nas les&#245;es de l&#250;pus cr&#244;nico discoide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tomasini et al&#46; encontraram diferen&#231;as na distribui&#231;&#227;o das pDCs nos diferentes tipos de l&#250;pus&#58; distribui&#231;&#227;o superficial nos casos de l&#250;pus subagudo e l&#250;pus discoide&#44; e distribui&#231;&#227;o ao redor de vasos profundos nos casos de l&#250;pus t&#250;mido e ret&#237;culo&#8208;histiocitose multic&#234;ntrica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Tamb&#233;m verificaram rela&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a intensidade do infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio e a quantidade de pDCs&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; o n&#250;mero de pDCs nas les&#245;es de l&#250;pus &#40;LE&#41; e dermatomiosite &#40;DM&#41; correlacionou&#8208;se com a express&#227;o de prote&#237;na de resist&#234;ncia ao mixov&#237;rus &#40;MxA&#41;&#44; prote&#237;na induzida por IFN&#8208;&#945;&#47;&#946;&#44; sugerindo que as pDCs s&#227;o fonte importante de IFN&#8208;&#945; nessas doen&#231;as&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;14&#44;15</span></a> McNiff et al&#46; verificaram que as pDCs foram preferencialmente detectadas na epiderme nos pacientes com dermatomiosite&#44; quando comparados com os pacientes com l&#250;pus&#44; nos quais a localiza&#231;&#227;o foi principalmente na derme&#44; sugerindo que no LE os complexos de autoanticorpos circulantes migram atrav&#233;s dos vasos antes de se depositarem na pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">L&#237;quen plano</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vries et al&#46; observaram pDCs CD123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>abundantes nos fragmentos de pele de l&#237;quen plano&#44; dispostas no infiltrado linfocit&#225;rio em faixa na jun&#231;&#227;o dermoepid&#233;rmica&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; posteriormente demonstraram a replica&#231;&#227;o de herpes v&#237;rus&#160;7 nas c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides nas les&#245;es de l&#237;quen plano &#40;LP&#41; ativo&#44; com diminui&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s a remiss&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wang et al&#46; descreveram aumento da infiltra&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides no l&#237;quen plano oral&#44; propondo que elas seriam as mediadoras da resposta imune inata nessa doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">L&#237;quen estriado</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Badr et al&#46; encontraram pDCs no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio do l&#237;quen estriado&#44; sugerindo que elas possam apresentar um papel na patog&#234;nese da doen&#231;a&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; descreveram a distribui&#231;&#227;o peri&#233;crina das pDCs no l&#237;quen estriado &#40;LS&#41;&#44; que poderia ser um crit&#233;rio histol&#243;gico &#250;til para diferencia&#231;&#227;o entre LS e LP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Dermatite at&#243;pica</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nos pacientes com dermatite at&#243;pica &#40;DA&#41; houve um aumento das pDCs circulantes em compara&#231;&#227;o a controles&#59; al&#233;m disso&#44; o recrutamento de pDCs nas les&#245;es de DA foi muito menor do que o encontrado em outras dermatoses&#44; como LE e psor&#237;ase&#46; Esse fraco recrutamento de pDCs&#44; resultando na baixa produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1 nas les&#245;es de DA poderia explicar a maior suscetibilidade dos pacientes com DA a infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es por herpes simples ou poxv&#237;rus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rossi et al&#46;&#44; em contraposi&#231;&#227;o a estudos anteriores&#44; demonstraram aumento estatisticamente significativo de pDCs nos pacientes com erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz &#40;EPL&#41;&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles saud&#225;veis&#44; provavelmente pelo teste fotoprovocativo realizado&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Psor&#237;ase</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nestle et al&#46; encontraram grandes quantidades de pDCs no infiltrado de linf&#243;citos&#8208;T presente na derme das placas psori&#225;sicas&#44; ausentes na pele de doadores sadios e de pacientes com DA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; as pDCs tamb&#233;m foram encontradas na pele adjacente&#44; mesmo sem les&#245;es aparentes&#46; Os autores tamb&#233;m verificaram redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico dos pacientes com psor&#237;ase quando comparados com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#44; sugerindo que o ac&#250;mulo de pDCs na pele dos pacientes com psor&#237;ase ocorre devido &#224; redistribui&#231;&#227;o das pDCs do sangue para a pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Em modelo animal&#44; os autores demonstraram a produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN&#8208;&#945; pelas pDCs na pele lesada e sua influ&#234;ncia para a ativa&#231;&#227;o dos linf&#243;citos&#8208;T&#44; levando ao desenvolvimento das les&#245;es de psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outro estudo sobre psor&#237;ase demonstrou que a helioterapia promoveu n&#227;o apenas melhora cl&#237;nica&#44; mas tamb&#233;m redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de pDCs e da express&#227;o de MxA&#44; marcador para IFN&#8208;&#945;&#44; na pele lesional&#44; fortalecendo o papel das pDCs na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A quemerina &#233; um fator quimiot&#225;tico para pDCs s&#233;ricas&#46; Albanesi et al&#46; demonstraram forte express&#227;o de quemerina na derme de pele adjacente &#224;s les&#245;es psori&#225;sicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Houve baixa express&#227;o de quemerina e poucas pDCs nas placas de psor&#237;ase cr&#244;nica&#44; sugerindo que a express&#227;o de quemerina ocorre nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento das les&#245;es de psor&#237;ase e se correlaciona temporalmente com a presen&#231;a das pDCs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Pitir&#237;ase liquenoide</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A fisiopatologia da pitir&#237;ase liquenoide &#40;PL&#41; n&#227;o &#233; totalmente compreendida&#46; A demonstra&#231;&#227;o da express&#227;o de MxA nas les&#245;es de PL estabelece a produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Karouni et al&#46; demonstraram a presen&#231;a de pDCs na pele de pacientes com PL nas duas formas&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide e varioliforme aguda &#40;PLEVA&#41; e pitir&#237;ase liquenoide cr&#244;nica &#40;PLC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; encontraram express&#227;o intensa e difusa de MxA&#44; demonstrando sua ativa&#231;&#227;o e produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1&#46; Os autores sugerem que infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; autoant&#237;genos&#44; trauma&#44; ant&#237;genos contra drogas e tumores&#160;&#8211;&#160;previamente associados aos casos de PL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>poderiam contribuir para o recrutamento e ativa&#231;&#227;o das pDCs&#44; cuja presen&#231;a tamb&#233;m foi demonstrada em outras dermatites de interface&#44; como l&#237;quen plano&#44; l&#237;quen estriado&#44; l&#250;pus e dermatomiosite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malard et al&#46; identificaram a presen&#231;a de pDCs em fragmentos de pele de pacientes com DEVH aguda&#44; assim como uma forte express&#227;o de MxA&#44; sinalizando a produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Previamente&#44; o mesmo grupo relatou a redu&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica dos n&#237;veis de pDCs nos pacientes com DEVH aguda&#44; e os autores sugerem que essa redu&#231;&#227;o retrata a infiltra&#231;&#227;o das pDCs nos tecidos&#8208;alvo da DEVH&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> Contudo&#44; a presen&#231;a de c&#233;lulas CD123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>na mucosa oral de pacientes com DEVH cr&#244;nica n&#227;o foi superior aos controles no estudo realizado por Botari et al&#46;&#44; o que poderia sugerir uma participa&#231;&#227;o das pDCs apenas nos est&#225;gios iniciais da doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro &#40;DEVH&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Verrugas</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demonstra&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a de pDCs ativadas nas verrugas virais inflamadas foi baseada na express&#227;o intensa de MxA&#44; ao contr&#225;rio dos dados de Tomasini et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;33</span></a> Os resultados opostos podem estar relacionados aos diferentes crit&#233;rios histol&#243;gicos de verruga inflamada utilizados pelos dois grupos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tassone et al&#46; avaliaram pacientes com s&#237;ndrome WHIM &#40;verrugas&#44; hipogamaglobulinemia&#44; infec&#231;&#245;es e mielocatexia&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44;</span> que apresentam verrugas refrat&#225;rias&#59; os autores apontaram redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico e nas les&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; bem como aus&#234;ncia da produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1&#44; avaliada por meio da express&#227;o de MxA&#44; sugerindo a incapacidade de atividade antiviral das pDCs via TLR9&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Doen&#231;as f&#250;ngicas</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pagliari et al&#46; avaliaram o papel das pDCs em tr&#234;s micoses profundas &#40;cromoblastomicose&#44; lacaziose e paracoccidioidomicose&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> As pDCs foram encontradas em 37&#37; dos fragmentos de pele dos pacientes com cromoblastomicose &#40;CBM&#41; e em&#160;50&#37; dos esp&#233;cimes de pacientes com paracoccidoidomicose &#40;PCM&#41;&#44; por&#233;m ausentes nos pacientes com lacaziose&#46; Os autores sugeriram a hip&#243;tese de que as pDCs seriam fonte secund&#225;ria de citocinas relevantes na atividade antif&#250;ngica nos casos de CBM e PCM&#46; No caso da lacaziose&#44; a aus&#234;ncia de pDCs poderia significar que essas c&#233;lulas n&#227;o atuam na resposta imune antif&#250;ngica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Hansen&#237;ase</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Massone et al&#46; descreveram a aus&#234;ncia de express&#227;o de CD123 nos fragmentos de bi&#243;psia de pele de pacientes com hansen&#237;ase&#44; exceto pela express&#227;o focal em&#160;dois&#160;casos de eritema nodoso hans&#234;nico&#44; inferindo que as pDCs n&#227;o estariam envolvidas na resposta imunol&#243;gica contra o M<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ycobacterium leprae&#46;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Hirai et al&#46;&#44; contudo&#44; encontraram pDCs no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio e tamb&#233;m ao redor dos vasos na pele de pacientes com hansen&#237;ase&#46; O n&#250;mero de pDCs nos casos tuberculoides foi significativamente maior em compara&#231;&#227;o com os casos virchowianos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Tumores cut&#226;neos</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a das pDCs nos tumores cut&#226;neos foi analisada por diversos autores&#46; Abbas et al&#46; identificaram em seu estudo a presen&#231;a de pDCs em 100&#37; dos casos de queratoacantoma &#40;KC&#41; e em 90&#37; dos casos de carcinoma espinocelular&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> No KC&#44; as pDCs foram mais abundantes&#44; representando uma propor&#231;&#227;o maior do infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio&#44; e apresentaram maior atividade&#44; sugerindo um poss&#237;vel papel das pDCS na patog&#234;nese da regress&#227;o dos KC&#46; Recentemente&#44; Fraga et al&#46; corroboraram a presen&#231;a abundante de pDCs tanto no KC quanto no carcinoma espinocelular&#44; sem diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Imiquimode &#233; agonista seletivo do TLR7&#44; via ativa&#231;&#227;o do fator de transcri&#231;&#227;o NF&#8208;kB e produ&#231;&#227;o de citocinas inflamat&#243;rias&#44; como IFN tipo&#160;1&#44; e &#233; utilizado no tratamento de alguns tumores cut&#226;neos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Carcinomas basocelulares &#40;CBCs&#41; tratados com imiquimode apresentaram pDCs ativadas produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945; no infiltrado peritumoral&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> Posteriormente&#44; Ogawa et al&#46; demonstraram a correla&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#250;mero de pDCs recrutadas nas les&#245;es de queratoses act&#237;nicas &#40;QA&#41; e efeito terap&#234;utico do imiquimode nesses casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A presen&#231;a das pDCs tamb&#233;m foi descrita no melanoma&#44; principalmente localizadas ao redor dos vasos e pr&#243;ximas &#224;s c&#233;lulas tumorais&#44; tanto nos casos prim&#225;rios quanto nas met&#225;stases&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; essas pDCs n&#227;o est&#227;o ativadas&#44; h&#225; falta de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o TLR7 e TLR9 no ambiente tumoral&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; a produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;I&#44; e foram associadas ao crescimento tumoral&#46; Ao contr&#225;rio&#44; melanomas em regress&#227;o apresentam pDCs ativadas&#44; indicando poss&#237;vel atividade antitumoral&#46; O tratamento de tumores cut&#226;neos &#40;QA&#44; CBCs superficiais&#44; doen&#231;a de Bowen e inclusive lentigo maligno melanoma&#41; com imiquimode &#40;agonista de TLR7 e TLR9&#41; ativa as pDCs a produzirem IFN tipo&#160;1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analogamente&#44; Karouni et al&#46; descreveram que&#44; no sarcoma de Kaposi &#40;SK&#41;&#44; pDCs est&#227;o presentes em 90&#37; dos casos&#44; por&#233;m com express&#227;o diminu&#237;da de MxA&#44; podendo indicar supress&#227;o pelo herpes v&#237;rus associado ao sarcoma de Kaposi &#40;HVSK&#41;&#44; por meio de prote&#237;nas virais que inibiriam as vias de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o respons&#225;veis pela ativa&#231;&#227;o das pDCs&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os principais achados das pDCs nas doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas est&#227;o resumidos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se atualmente que as pDCs s&#227;o o elo entre a imunidade inata e adaptativa&#46; Essas c&#233;lulas n&#227;o s&#227;o residentes na pele&#44; portanto sua presen&#231;a pode indicar seu papel &#40;tanto central quanto adjuvante&#41; nos processos inflamat&#243;rios&#44; autoimunes&#44; neopl&#225;sicos e infecciosos&#46; S&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos sobre as pDCs&#44; que poder&#227;o levar a novos alvos terap&#234;uticos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esse trabalho foi financiado pelo Fundo de Apoio &#224; Dermatologia do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Sebasti&#227;o Sampaio &#40;FUNADERSP&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Projeto 52&#8208;2017&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Natasha Favoretto Dias de Oliveira&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Claudia Giuli Santi&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Celina Wakisaka Maruta&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Valeria Aoki&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides fazem parte da fam&#237;lia das c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas e s&#227;o uma conex&#227;o importante entre as imunidades inata e adaptativa&#46; S&#227;o as mais potentes produtoras de interferon tipo&#160;1&#44; atuando na resposta antiviral&#44; no est&#237;mulo de macr&#243;fagos e c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas e na ativa&#231;&#227;o e migra&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">natural killer</span>&#46; As c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides atuam tamb&#233;m na apresenta&#231;&#227;o de ant&#237;genos&#44; na resposta linfocit&#225;ria&#8208;T&#44; na imunorregula&#231;&#227;o e na diferencia&#231;&#227;o de plasm&#243;citos e secre&#231;&#227;o de anticorpos&#46; As c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides n&#227;o est&#227;o presentes habitualmente na pele normal&#59; elas infiltram a pele nos processos de cicatriza&#231;&#227;o e em diversas doen&#231;as&#44; como infec&#231;&#245;es virais&#44; doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias&#44; doen&#231;as autoimunes e neopl&#225;sicas&#46; Nos &#250;ltimos anos&#44; a presen&#231;a das c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides em diversas doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas foi descrita&#44; podendo indicar sua participa&#231;&#227;o na patog&#234;nese&#46; Estudos futuros sobre a atua&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides na dermatologia poder&#227;o levar a novos alvos terap&#234;uticos&#46;</p></span>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">C&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides &#40;pDCs&#41;&#58; conex&#227;o de relev&#226;ncia entre as imunidades inata e adaptativa&#46; Adaptado de Mitchell et al&#46;&#44; 2018 e Swiecki et al&#46;&#44; 2015&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p> <p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">APRIL&#44; ligante indutor de prolifera&#231;&#227;o&#59; AFF&#44; fator de ativa&#231;&#227;o da c&#233;lula B da fam&#237;lia fator de necrose tumoral alfa&#59; CD&#44; grupo de diferencia&#231;&#227;o&#59; ICOSL&#44; ligante coestimulador induz&#237;vel&#59; IDO&#44; indoleamina&#8208;2&#44;3&#8208;dioxigenase&#59; IFN&#8208;&#945;&#44; interferon alfa&#59; IL&#44; interleucina&#59; MHC&#44; complexo de histocompatibilidade&#59; NK&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">natural killer</span>&#59; pDC&#44; c&#233;lula dendr&#237;tica plasmocitoide&#59; TGF&#8208;&#946;&#44; fator de transforma&#231;&#227;o do crescimento beta&#59; TH&#44; linf&#243;cito T&#8208;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">helper</span>&#59; TRAIL&#44; ligante indutor de apoptose relacionado ao fator de necrose tumoral alfa&#59; Treg&#44; linf&#243;cito T&#8208;regulat&#243;rio&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CBC</span>&#44; carcinoma basocelular&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CBM</span>&#44; cromoblastomicose&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CEC</span>&#44; carcinoma espinocelular&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DA</span>&#44; dermatite at&#243;pica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DEVH</span>&#44; doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DM</span>&#44; dermatomiosite&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EPL</span>&#44; erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HVSK</span>&#44; herpes v&#237;rus associado ao sarcoma de Kaposi&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LD</span>&#44; l&#250;pus discoide&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LES</span>&#44; l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LSA</span>&#44; l&#250;pus subagudo&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LT</span>&#44; tumid l&#250;pus&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PCM</span>&#44; paracoccidioidomicose&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pDCs</span>&#44; c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PL</span>&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PLC</span>&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide cr&#244;nica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PLEVA</span>&#44; pitir&#237;ase liquenoide e varioliforme aguda&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">QA</span>&#44; queratose act&#237;nica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RHM</span>&#44; reticulo&#8208;histiocitose multic&#234;ntrica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SK</span>&#44; sarcoma de Kaposi&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WHIM</span>&#44; verrugas&#44; hipogamaglobulinemia&#44; infec&#231;&#245;es e mielocatexia&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pDCs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">L&#250;pus eritematoso</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LES&#58; pDCs circulantes reduzidas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11&#8211;13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LD&#58; grande quantidade de pDCs produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11&#8211;13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LSA&#44; LD&#58; distribui&#231;&#227;o superficial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">LT&#44; RHM&#58; distribui&#231;&#227;o ao redor dos vasos profundos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs localizadas preferencialmente na epiderme nos pacientes com DM e na derme nos casos de l&#250;pus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs dispostas similarmente ao infiltrado linfocit&#225;rio em faixa na jun&#231;&#227;o dermoepid&#233;rmica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs presentes no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatite at&#243;pica</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs circulantes aumentadas em rela&#231;&#227;o aos controles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Menor recrutamento de pDCs nas les&#245;es de DA comparado ao de outras dermatoses&#44; como l&#250;pus eritematoso e psor&#237;ase<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erup&#231;&#227;o polimorfa &#224; luz</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Wackernagel et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> pDCs ausentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rossi et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> pDCs aumentadas nas les&#245;es de EPL&#44; principalmente na derme&#46; Os autores atribuem a diferen&#231;a &#224; metodologia com inclus&#227;o de teste fotoprovocativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psor&#237;ase</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs presentes no infiltrado linfocit&#225;rio T na derme das placas de psor&#237;ase e na pele perilesional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico de pacientes com psor&#237;ase<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Helioterapia&#58; redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de pDCs e da express&#227;o de MxA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forte express&#227;o de quemerina e presen&#231;a de pDCs na derme da pele perilesional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pitir&#237;ase liquenoide</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Forte express&#227;o de MxA nas les&#245;es de PL &#40;produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Presen&#231;a de pDCs na pele em todos os casos &#40;PLEVA e PLC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doen&#231;a do enxerto <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> hospedeiro</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Presen&#231;a de pDCs nos fragmentos de pele dos pacientes com DEVH aguda&#44; forte express&#227;o de MxA&#44; sinalizando produ&#231;&#227;o local de IFN tipo&#160;1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Redu&#231;&#227;o de pDCs s&#233;ricas nos pacientes com DEVH aguda<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Presen&#231;a de c&#233;lulas CD123<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>na mucosa oral de pacientes com DHVS cr&#244;nica n&#227;o foi superior<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Verrugas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Saadeh et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> pDCs ativadas nas verrugas virais inflamadas&#44; contr&#225;rio ao encontrado por Tomasini et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> &#40;poss&#237;vel diferen&#231;a no crit&#233;rio histol&#243;gico para verruga inflamada&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Redu&#231;&#227;o das pDCs no sangue perif&#233;rico e nas les&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; aus&#234;ncia de produ&#231;&#227;o de IFN tipo&#160;1 &#40;MxA sem express&#227;o&#41; em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome WHIM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Micoses profundas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">pDCs encontradas em 37&#37; dos fragmentos de pele em pacientes com Cromoblastomicose &#40;CBM&#41; e em 50&#37; dos esp&#233;cimes de pacientes com Paracoccidioidomicose &#40;PCM&#41;&#44; por&#233;m ausentes nos casos de lacaziose<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hansen&#237;ase</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Massone et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> aus&#234;ncia de express&#227;o de CD123&#44; exceto express&#227;o focal em&#160;2&#160;casos de eritema nodoso hans&#234;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hirai et al&#46;&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> pDCs no infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio e ao redor dos vasos&#46; N&#250;mero de pDCs maior nos casos tuberculoides em rela&#231;&#227;o aos casos virchowianos&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tumores cut&#226;neos</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Queratoacantoma&#58; presen&#231;a de pDCs em&#160;100&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CEC&#58; presen&#231;a de pDCs em 90&#37; dos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">QA&#58; correla&#231;&#227;o entre a quantidade de pDCs recrutadas nas les&#245;es durante o tratamento com imiquimode e o efeito terap&#234;utico da droga<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CBC&#58; presen&#231;a de pDCs ativadas produtoras de IFN&#8208;&#945; no infiltrado peritumoral durante o tratamento com imiquimode<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Melanoma&#58; pDCs dispostas ao redor dos vasos&#44; pr&#243;ximas &#224;s c&#233;lulas tumorais&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o ativadas&#46; Presen&#231;a associada ao crescimento tumoral&#46; PDCs ativadas nos casos de melanoma em regress&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SK&#58; pDCs presentes em 90&#37; dos casos&#44; por&#233;m express&#227;o reduzida de MxA &#40;poss&#237;vel supress&#227;o das pDCs pelo HVSK&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas e c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas plasmocitoides &#40;pDCs&#41;</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:43 [
            0 => array:3 [
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                            0 => "K&#46; Lennert"
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                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "volumen" => "16"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells&#58; an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases&#44; with special emphasis on Jessner&#39;s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Tomasini"
                            1 => "T&#46; Mentzel"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hantschke"
                            3 => "A&#46; Cerri"
                            4 => "B&#46; Paredes"
                            5 => "A&#46; R&#252;tten"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01587.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "37"
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                      "titulo" => "Immunohistology and aetiology of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
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                            2 => "H&#46; Stein"
                            3 => "H&#46;D&#46; Bruhn"
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                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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                  ]
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "F&#46; Facchetti"
                            1 => "C&#46; de Wolf-Peeters"
                            2 => "D&#46;Y&#46; Mason"
                            3 => "K&#46; Pulford"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; van den Oord"
                            5 => "V&#46;J&#46; Desmet"
                            6 => "T&#46; Plasmacytoid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "cells&#46; Immunohistochemical evidence for their monocyte&#47;macrophage origin&#46; Am J Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "133"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3052093"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0245"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells&#58; sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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2023 Dezembro 177 61 238
2023 Novembro 246 82 328
2023 Outubro 296 77 373
2023 Setembro 299 93 392
2023 Agosto 282 44 326
2023 Julho 186 86 272
2023 Junho 227 53 280
2023 Maio 228 48 276
2023 Abril 256 26 282
2023 Março 364 66 430
2023 Fevereiro 193 70 263
2023 Janeiro 159 72 231
2022 Dezembro 136 50 186
2022 Novembro 185 58 243
2022 Outubro 230 64 294
2022 Setembro 169 83 252
2022 Agosto 137 66 203
2022 Julho 98 76 174
2022 Junho 103 72 175
2022 Maio 90 89 179
2022 Abril 153 98 251
2022 Março 123 131 254
2022 Fevereiro 131 105 236
2022 Janeiro 114 127 241
2021 Dezembro 83 75 158
2021 Novembro 93 87 180
2021 Outubro 75 94 169
2021 Setembro 63 82 145
2021 Agosto 58 101 159
2021 Julho 63 58 121
2021 Junho 53 86 139
2021 Maio 73 88 161
2021 Abril 225 263 488
2021 Março 276 153 429
2021 Fevereiro 49 21 70
2021 Janeiro 24 21 45
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