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com apar&#234;ncia vari&#225;vel em forma ou tamanho&#46; Essa doen&#231;a &#233; classificada em dois subgrupos&#44; vitiligo generalizado e localizado&#44; nos quais se observa aus&#234;ncia de melan&#243;citos funcionantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As principais causas de vitiligo s&#227;o complexas e podem ser o resultado de dist&#250;rbios gen&#233;ticos&#44; que podem apresentar heran&#231;a polig&#234;nica e multifatorial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Sua principal causa ainda n&#227;o est&#225; clara&#59; no entanto&#44; algumas evid&#234;ncias indicam que uma mudan&#231;a nas fun&#231;&#245;es imunol&#243;gicas contribui para esse tipo de a&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Presume&#8208;se que o vitiligo resulte de rea&#231;&#245;es autoimunes que destroem gradualmente os melan&#243;citos&#46; 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IL&#8208;6 e TNF&#8208;&#945;&#41; foi demonstrado em v&#225;rios estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A IL&#8208;27&#44; um membro bastante novo da fam&#237;lia IL&#8208;6&#47;IL&#8208;12&#44; &#233; principalmente liberada por c&#233;lulas apresentadoras de ant&#237;geno ativadas&#44; incluindo c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas &#40;CDs&#41;&#44; mon&#243;citos e macr&#243;fagos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Ela &#233; composta por duas subunidades&#44; a mol&#233;cula 3 induzida por EBV&#40;EBI3&#41;&#44; um hom&#243;logo de IL&#8208;12 p40&#44; e a p28&#44; um hom&#243;logo de IL&#8208;6 p35&#46; O receptor de IL&#8208;27 &#40;IL&#8208;27R&#41; &#233; um heterod&#237;mero composto por uma cadeia alfa espec&#237;fica de IL&#8208;27R &#40;WSX&#8208;1&#41; e uma subunidade gp130&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> A IL&#8208;27R &#233; expressa por v&#225;rios tipos de c&#233;lulas&#44; inclusive&#44; mas n&#227;o limitadas a c&#233;lulas T&#44; B e NK&#44; CDs&#44; macr&#243;fagos&#44; queratin&#243;citos&#44; c&#233;lulas T CD8 tipo 1 e c&#233;lulas endoteliais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> A sinaliza&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27R resulta na ativa&#231;&#227;o das vias JAK&#8208;STAT e p38 MAPK&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> A IL&#8208;27 aumenta a diferencia&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas Th1 e Tr1 por meio da ativa&#231;&#227;o de STAT1&#47;3 enquanto inibe a diferencia&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas T reguladoras e c&#233;lulas Th2&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;26</span></a> Al&#233;m da diferencia&#231;&#227;o Th1&#44; tamb&#233;m foi demonstrado que a sinaliza&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 por meio do STAT&#8208;1 ativa c&#233;lulas NK&#44; que foram consideradas como tendo um papel na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora estudos anteriores tenham identificado o papel inflamat&#243;rio da IL&#8208;27&#44; as evid&#234;ncias mais recentes sugerem um efeito imunomodulador dessa citocina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> A IL&#8208;27 induz Tr1 e inibe as respostas Th2 e Th17&#44; limitando&#44; portanto&#44; a gravidade das doen&#231;as autoimunes pela supress&#227;o das c&#233;lulas Th17&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#8211;31</span></a> Ela tamb&#233;m desempenha fun&#231;&#245;es imunorregulat&#243;rias devido &#224; regula&#231;&#227;o positiva de PD&#8208;L1&#44; IDO e IL&#8208;10&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Assim&#44; sugere&#8208;se que essa citocina pode ser considerada como um poss&#237;vel agente terap&#234;utico para algumas doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias ou autoimunes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; natureza complexa pr&#243;&#8208; e anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria da IL&#8208;27&#44; v&#225;rios estudos avaliaram as concentra&#231;&#245;es locais ou sist&#234;micas da IL&#8208;27 em diferentes doen&#231;as&#46; Altera&#231;&#245;es na concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 e sua correla&#231;&#227;o com par&#226;metros autoimunes tamb&#233;m foram relatadas em v&#225;rias doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias mediadas por Th1&#47;Th17&#44; como esclerose m&#250;ltipla&#44; l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico&#44; doen&#231;a inflamat&#243;ria intestinal e artrite reumatoide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#8211;36</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo ainda n&#227;o foram investigadas&#46; O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo 79 pacientes com vitiligo&#44; dos quais 32 &#40;41&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino e 47 &#40;59&#37;&#41; do feminino&#44; bem como 45 controles saud&#225;veis sem sinais de doen&#231;as autoimunes e pareados por idade e sexo&#46; A popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo incluiu 72 pacientes com vitiligo generalizado e sete com vitiligo localizado&#46; Os pacientes concordaram em participar do estudo&#44; que foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Shiraz &#40;IR&#46;sums&#46;med&#46;rec&#46;1397&#46;400&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Coleta de amostras</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De toda a popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo&#44; foram coletados 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL de sangue perif&#233;rico&#46; Ap&#243;s centrifuga&#231;&#227;o a 3&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm por 10 minutos&#44; os soros foram separados e mantidos a &#8208;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C at&#233; o uso&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Medi&#231;&#227;o da IL&#8208;27 s&#233;rica</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 foram determinadas pelo ensaio imunoenzim&#225;tico &#40;ELISA&#41; em pacientes com vitiligo e em indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de IL&#8208;27 foram quantificadas de acordo com as instru&#231;&#245;es dos fabricantes do kit ELISA &#40;DY2526&#8208;05&#44; R&#38;D Systems &#8208; Estados Unidos&#41;&#46; A sensibilidade dos testes foi de 12&#44;8&#160;pg&#47;mL&#46; Em resumo&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L de anticorpo de captura foram colocados em cada micropo&#231;o de uma placa com 96 micropo&#231;os durante a noite em temperatura ambiente&#46; Ap&#243;s lavagem e bloqueio&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L de soro de pacientes e controles foram adicionadas por duas horas em temperatura ambiente&#46; As placas foram lavadas novamente e 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L do anticorpo de detec&#231;&#227;o e&#44; em seguida&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L da dilui&#231;&#227;o de estreptavidina com peroxidase de r&#225;bano foram adicionados por 20 minutos&#46; Em seguida&#44; foi adicionada solu&#231;&#227;o de substrato &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L&#41; por 20 minutos&#59; finalmente&#44; a rea&#231;&#227;o foi interrompida adicionando a solu&#231;&#227;o de parada a cada po&#231;o&#46; A densidade &#243;ptica das amostras foi lida com um leitor de microplacas a 450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm&#46; Os n&#237;veis de citocina foram extrapolados a partir da curva padr&#227;o relacionada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os dados foram analisados pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS v&#46; 16 &#40;SPSS Inc&#46; &#8208; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; Estados Unidos&#41; e de acordo com o teste de normalidade &#40;teste de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov&#41;&#46; Os testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos U de Mann&#8208;Whitney e Kruskal&#8208;Wallis foram usados e valores&#8208;p &#60; 0&#44;05 foram considerados significativos&#46; Os gr&#225;ficos foram elaborados com Graph Pad Prism &#40;v&#46; 6 &#8208; La Jolla&#44; CA&#44; Estados Unidos&#41;&#46; Todos os dados foram apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; erro padr&#227;o da m&#233;dia &#40;SEM&#41;&#44; a menos que especificado de outra forma&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">An&#225;lise demogr&#225;fica</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> apresenta uma vis&#227;o geral das caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas de pacientes com vitiligo e indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis participantes do estudo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Medi&#231;&#227;o da IL&#8208;27 s&#233;rica</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 em 79 pacientes com vitiligo generalizado &#40;72 casos&#41; ou localizado &#40;sete casos&#41; foram mensuradas pela t&#233;cnica ELISA&#46; O grupo controle incluiu 45 indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis e pareados por sexo&#46; Como apresentado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#44; os resultados mostraram uma diferen&#231;a significativa nas concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 entre pacientes com vitiligo &#40;5&#46;267&#44;8 &#177; 399 pg&#47;mL&#41; e indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis &#40;7&#46;097&#44;7 &#177; 1&#46;502 pg&#47;mL&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;0262&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Correla&#231;&#245;es entre IL&#8208;27 e caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram avaliadas as correla&#231;&#245;es entre as concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 e sexo&#44; gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; dois tipos de vitiligo &#40;localizado&#47;generalizado&#41;&#44; formas segmentar&#47;n&#227;o segmentar da doen&#231;a e resposta ao tratamento em pacientes com vitiligo&#46; N&#227;o foi observada uma correla&#231;&#227;o significativa entre os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;27 e esses par&#226;metros no presente estudo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A principal causa do vitiligo ainda n&#227;o foi bem estabelecida&#46; Recentemente&#44; estudos em humanos e experimentais apresentaram evid&#234;ncias consider&#225;veis sobre o padr&#227;o de autoimunidade na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46; Foi demonstrado que a imunidade humoral e celular est&#225; envolvida na etiologia da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a> As evid&#234;ncias sugerem um papel prim&#225;rio dos mecanismos mediados por c&#233;lulas&#44; inclusive as c&#233;lulas Th1&#47;Th17 e Tc1&#44; na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> V&#225;rias citocinas inflamat&#243;rias &#40;IL&#8208;1&#44; IL&#8208;6&#44; TNF&#8208;&#945;&#44; IL&#8208;6 e IL&#8208;17&#41; desempenham um papel fundamental na despigmenta&#231;&#227;o da pele&#44; enquanto o n&#237;vel de TGF&#8208;&#946; indicava um estado revers&#237;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;41</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi sugerido que a IL&#8208;27 atue como citocina pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria e anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria&#46; Concentra&#231;&#245;es alteradas de IL&#8208;27 foram observadas em v&#225;rias doen&#231;as autoimunes e dermatol&#243;gicas&#46; Apesar de os estudos iniciais terem identificado o papel pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rio da IL&#8208;27&#44; as evid&#234;ncias mais recentes sugerem que ela suprime a prolifera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas imunes e a produ&#231;&#227;o de citocinas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Essas aplica&#231;&#245;es das citocinas est&#227;o relacionadas a sua atividade pr&#243;&#8208; ou anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria&#46; O duplo papel da IL&#8208;27 est&#225; relacionado aos diferentes tecidos envolvidos&#44; ao mecanismo subjacente ou ao tipo e est&#225;gio das doen&#231;as autoimunes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Estudos anteriores revelaram que a concentra&#231;&#227;o sangu&#237;nea de IL&#8208;27 estava aumentada em pacientes com p&#234;nfigo e psor&#237;ase&#46; Eles indicaram que os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;27 estavam fortemente correlacionados com os t&#237;tulos de autoanticorpos IgG no p&#234;nfigo e tamb&#233;m com o in&#237;cio e a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43</span></a> A literatura tamb&#233;m apresenta relatos de express&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 na pele com eczema&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> Essa evid&#234;ncia respalda a fun&#231;&#227;o pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria da IL&#8208;27&#46; Embora as concentra&#231;&#245;es plasm&#225;ticas de IL&#8208;27 sejam elevadas em algumas doen&#231;as cut&#226;neas&#44; o n&#237;vel s&#233;rico dessa citocina &#233; reduzido em algumas doen&#231;as autoimunes&#44; como a sindrome de Vogt&#8208;Koyanagi&#8208;Harada &#40;VKH&#41;&#44; doen&#231;a de Beh&#231;et &#40;DB&#41; e LES&#46; Wang et al&#46; descreveram que a express&#227;o do mRNA de p28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da IL&#8208;27 por c&#233;lulas mononucleares do sangue perif&#233;rico e a concentra&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica de IL&#8208;27 nos soros e sobrenadantes de culturas dessas c&#233;lulas foram visivelmente reduzidas em pacientes com DB e VKH ativas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; Gaber et al&#46; observaram que o n&#237;vel de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com LES &#233; significativamente mais baixo do que em controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#8211;46</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com base nessas explica&#231;&#245;es e nos resultados de v&#225;rios estudos sobre a express&#227;o alterada de IL&#8208;27 em doen&#231;as autoimunes e doen&#231;as cut&#226;neas&#44; foi levantada a hip&#243;tese de que a concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo poderia estar alterada&#46; Consistentemente com estudos anteriores em pacientes com LES e DB&#44; o presente estudo observou que as concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 foram reduzidas em pacientes com vitiligo&#44; o que pode ser justificado por alguns mecanismos prov&#225;veis&#46; Em primeiro lugar&#44; a IL&#8208;27 atua contra o desenvolvimento de Th17 de maneira direta&#44; por meio da modula&#231;&#227;o de CDs&#44; e induz a produ&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;10 por c&#233;lulas T CD4 &#43; primitivas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> A Th17 contribui para a patog&#234;nese do vitiligo pela produ&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17&#46; A IL&#8208;27 inibe a diferencia&#231;&#227;o e gera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas Th17 via IL&#8208;6 e a supress&#227;o do fator de crescimento transformador&#8208;&#946; &#40;TGF&#8208;&#946;&#41;&#44; que depende da mol&#233;cula de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o intracelular STAT1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A IL&#8208;27 desempenha um papel imunomodulador no vitiligo&#46; De acordo com as observa&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi identificada uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de IL&#8208;27 e dados demogr&#225;ficos&#44; gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; tipos de vitiligo e resposta ao tratamento&#46; Mais estudos com maior n&#250;mero de pacientes&#44; inclusive todos os tipos de vitiligo&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para revelar as poss&#237;veis altera&#231;&#245;es na concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 nesses pacientes e sua correla&#231;&#227;o com as caracter&#237;sticas da doen&#231;a&#44; inclusive gravidade e extens&#227;o da &#225;rea da pele afetada&#46; A IL&#8208;27 desempenha dois pap&#233;is e deve ser considerada como um novo alvo para a manipula&#231;&#227;o do sistema imunol&#243;gico em v&#225;rias doen&#231;as imunomediadas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Universidade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Shiraz &#40;bolsa n&#176; 17684&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Saeed Malek Hosseini&#58; Reda&#231;&#227;o e edi&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Naser Gholijani&#58; Coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o no desenho do estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nooshafarin Chenari&#58; Coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o no desenho do estudo&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o e edi&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#193;rea corporal &#62; 50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;844&#44;7 &#177; 2&#46;928&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tipo&#58; localizado ou generalizado</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Generalizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;925&#44;9 &#177; 434&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;421&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Localizado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;784&#44;3 &#177; 541&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tipo&#58; segmentar ou n&#227;o segmentar</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Segmentar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;668&#44;8 &#177; 483&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;335&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o segmentar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;955&#44;0 &#177; 439&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Resposta ao tratamento</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;492&#44;8 &#177; 380&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;154&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;797&#44;1 &#177; 1&#46;083&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o das concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 com base em dados demogr&#225;ficos e manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas em pacientes com vitiligo</p>"
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      ]
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        0 => array:2 [
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            0 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vitiligo&#58; a review of some facts lesser known about depigmentation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Nordlund"
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                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/0019-5154.80413"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "180"
                        "paginaFinal" => "189"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716544"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Quality of life in patients with vitiligo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Parsad"
                            1 => "S&#46; Dogra"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Kanwar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1477-7525-1-58"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Qual Life Outcomes&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "58"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14613564"
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              "etiqueta" => "3"
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                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of vitiligo and associated comorbidities in Korea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Lee"
                            1 => "M&#46;H&#46; Lee"
                            2 => "D&#46;Y&#46; Lee"
                            3 => "H&#46;Y&#46; Kang"
                            4 => "K&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                            5 => "G&#46;S&#46; Choi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.719"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Yonsei Med J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "719"
                        "paginaFinal" => "725"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837178"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                ]
              ]
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The prevalence of vitiligo&#58; a meta&#8208;analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Zhang"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Cai"
                            2 => "M&#46; Shi"
                            3 => "S&#46; Jiang"
                            4 => "S&#46; Cui"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Wu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0163806"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e0163806"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27673680"
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              "etiqueta" => "5"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vitiligo&#58; focus on clinical aspects&#44; immunopathogenesis&#44; and therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Boniface"
                            1 => "J&#46; Seneschal"
                            2 => "M&#46; Picardo"
                            3 => "A&#46; Ta&#239;eb"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s12016-017-8622-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rev Allergy Immunol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
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Níveis reduzidos de interleucina 27 no soro de pacientes com vitiligo
Saeed Malek Hosseinia, Naser Gholijanib, Nooshafarin Chenaria, Kurosh Kalantara,
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kalantark@sums.ac.ir

Autor para correspondência.
a Departamento de Imunologia, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Irã
b Centro de Pesquisa de Doenças Autoimunes, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Irã
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Concentra&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica m&#233;dia de IL&#8208;27 &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41; em pacientes com vitiligo e no grupo controle&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O vitiligo &#233; uma doen&#231;a despigmentante adquirida comum&#44; caracterizada por manchas brancas distribu&#237;das em v&#225;rias partes do corpo e que afetam significativamente a qualidade de vida e a sa&#250;de mental dos pacientes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> A preval&#234;ncia do vitiligo em diferentes sociedades foi relatada como de 0&#44;5&#37; a 1&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Segundo uma metan&#225;lise recente&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de vitiligo entre diferentes comunidades foi de 0&#44;2&#37; e em estudos hospitalares&#44; de 1&#44;8&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> O vitiligo surge com um padr&#227;o not&#225;vel de despigmenta&#231;&#227;o macular&#44; com apar&#234;ncia vari&#225;vel em forma ou tamanho&#46; Essa doen&#231;a &#233; classificada em dois subgrupos&#44; vitiligo generalizado e localizado&#44; nos quais se observa aus&#234;ncia de melan&#243;citos funcionantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As principais causas de vitiligo s&#227;o complexas e podem ser o resultado de dist&#250;rbios gen&#233;ticos&#44; que podem apresentar heran&#231;a polig&#234;nica e multifatorial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Sua principal causa ainda n&#227;o est&#225; clara&#59; no entanto&#44; algumas evid&#234;ncias indicam que uma mudan&#231;a nas fun&#231;&#245;es imunol&#243;gicas contribui para esse tipo de a&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Presume&#8208;se que o vitiligo resulte de rea&#231;&#245;es autoimunes que destroem gradualmente os melan&#243;citos&#46; Apesar da detec&#231;&#227;o de autoanticorpos autorreagentes em pacientes com vitiligo&#44; um conjunto cada vez maior de evid&#234;ncias respalda a teoria de imunidade celular alterada como a principal causa dessa doen&#231;a desfigurante&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> As citocinas t&#234;m um papel central na media&#231;&#227;o das rea&#231;&#245;es imunes celulares e humorais&#46; O desequil&#237;brio entre citocinas pr&#243;&#8208; e anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias&#44; que favorece a predomin&#226;ncia de uma resposta Th1&#47;Th17&#44; em vez de uma resposta Th2&#47;Treg&#44; foi proposto como um poss&#237;vel mecanismo subjacente do vitiligo&#46; No entanto&#44; um conjunto consider&#225;vel de evid&#234;ncias respalda o papel das c&#233;lulas T CD8 tipo 1 na destrui&#231;&#227;o de melan&#243;citos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a> O aumento da express&#227;o de citocinas pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias em pacientes com vitiligo &#40;inclusive IL&#8208;1&#44; IL&#8208;6 e TNF&#8208;&#945;&#41; foi demonstrado em v&#225;rios estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A IL&#8208;27&#44; um membro bastante novo da fam&#237;lia IL&#8208;6&#47;IL&#8208;12&#44; &#233; principalmente liberada por c&#233;lulas apresentadoras de ant&#237;geno ativadas&#44; incluindo c&#233;lulas dendr&#237;ticas &#40;CDs&#41;&#44; mon&#243;citos e macr&#243;fagos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Ela &#233; composta por duas subunidades&#44; a mol&#233;cula 3 induzida por EBV&#40;EBI3&#41;&#44; um hom&#243;logo de IL&#8208;12 p40&#44; e a p28&#44; um hom&#243;logo de IL&#8208;6 p35&#46; O receptor de IL&#8208;27 &#40;IL&#8208;27R&#41; &#233; um heterod&#237;mero composto por uma cadeia alfa espec&#237;fica de IL&#8208;27R &#40;WSX&#8208;1&#41; e uma subunidade gp130&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> A IL&#8208;27R &#233; expressa por v&#225;rios tipos de c&#233;lulas&#44; inclusive&#44; mas n&#227;o limitadas a c&#233;lulas T&#44; B e NK&#44; CDs&#44; macr&#243;fagos&#44; queratin&#243;citos&#44; c&#233;lulas T CD8 tipo 1 e c&#233;lulas endoteliais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> A sinaliza&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27R resulta na ativa&#231;&#227;o das vias JAK&#8208;STAT e p38 MAPK&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> A IL&#8208;27 aumenta a diferencia&#231;&#227;o das c&#233;lulas Th1 e Tr1 por meio da ativa&#231;&#227;o de STAT1&#47;3 enquanto inibe a diferencia&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas T reguladoras e c&#233;lulas Th2&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#8211;26</span></a> Al&#233;m da diferencia&#231;&#227;o Th1&#44; tamb&#233;m foi demonstrado que a sinaliza&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 por meio do STAT&#8208;1 ativa c&#233;lulas NK&#44; que foram consideradas como tendo um papel na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora estudos anteriores tenham identificado o papel inflamat&#243;rio da IL&#8208;27&#44; as evid&#234;ncias mais recentes sugerem um efeito imunomodulador dessa citocina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> A IL&#8208;27 induz Tr1 e inibe as respostas Th2 e Th17&#44; limitando&#44; portanto&#44; a gravidade das doen&#231;as autoimunes pela supress&#227;o das c&#233;lulas Th17&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#8211;31</span></a> Ela tamb&#233;m desempenha fun&#231;&#245;es imunorregulat&#243;rias devido &#224; regula&#231;&#227;o positiva de PD&#8208;L1&#44; IDO e IL&#8208;10&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Assim&#44; sugere&#8208;se que essa citocina pode ser considerada como um poss&#237;vel agente terap&#234;utico para algumas doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias ou autoimunes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; natureza complexa pr&#243;&#8208; e anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria da IL&#8208;27&#44; v&#225;rios estudos avaliaram as concentra&#231;&#245;es locais ou sist&#234;micas da IL&#8208;27 em diferentes doen&#231;as&#46; Altera&#231;&#245;es na concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 e sua correla&#231;&#227;o com par&#226;metros autoimunes tamb&#233;m foram relatadas em v&#225;rias doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias mediadas por Th1&#47;Th17&#44; como esclerose m&#250;ltipla&#44; l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico&#44; doen&#231;a inflamat&#243;ria intestinal e artrite reumatoide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#8211;36</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo ainda n&#227;o foram investigadas&#46; O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo 79 pacientes com vitiligo&#44; dos quais 32 &#40;41&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino e 47 &#40;59&#37;&#41; do feminino&#44; bem como 45 controles saud&#225;veis sem sinais de doen&#231;as autoimunes e pareados por idade e sexo&#46; A popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo incluiu 72 pacientes com vitiligo generalizado e sete com vitiligo localizado&#46; Os pacientes concordaram em participar do estudo&#44; que foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Shiraz &#40;IR&#46;sums&#46;med&#46;rec&#46;1397&#46;400&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Coleta de amostras</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De toda a popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo&#44; foram coletados 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL de sangue perif&#233;rico&#46; Ap&#243;s centrifuga&#231;&#227;o a 3&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm por 10 minutos&#44; os soros foram separados e mantidos a &#8208;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C at&#233; o uso&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Medi&#231;&#227;o da IL&#8208;27 s&#233;rica</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 foram determinadas pelo ensaio imunoenzim&#225;tico &#40;ELISA&#41; em pacientes com vitiligo e em indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis&#46; As concentra&#231;&#245;es de IL&#8208;27 foram quantificadas de acordo com as instru&#231;&#245;es dos fabricantes do kit ELISA &#40;DY2526&#8208;05&#44; R&#38;D Systems &#8208; Estados Unidos&#41;&#46; A sensibilidade dos testes foi de 12&#44;8&#160;pg&#47;mL&#46; Em resumo&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L de anticorpo de captura foram colocados em cada micropo&#231;o de uma placa com 96 micropo&#231;os durante a noite em temperatura ambiente&#46; Ap&#243;s lavagem e bloqueio&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L de soro de pacientes e controles foram adicionadas por duas horas em temperatura ambiente&#46; As placas foram lavadas novamente e 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L do anticorpo de detec&#231;&#227;o e&#44; em seguida&#44; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L da dilui&#231;&#227;o de estreptavidina com peroxidase de r&#225;bano foram adicionados por 20 minutos&#46; Em seguida&#44; foi adicionada solu&#231;&#227;o de substrato &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L&#41; por 20 minutos&#59; finalmente&#44; a rea&#231;&#227;o foi interrompida adicionando a solu&#231;&#227;o de parada a cada po&#231;o&#46; A densidade &#243;ptica das amostras foi lida com um leitor de microplacas a 450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm&#46; Os n&#237;veis de citocina foram extrapolados a partir da curva padr&#227;o relacionada&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os dados foram analisados pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS v&#46; 16 &#40;SPSS Inc&#46; &#8208; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; Estados Unidos&#41; e de acordo com o teste de normalidade &#40;teste de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov&#41;&#46; Os testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos U de Mann&#8208;Whitney e Kruskal&#8208;Wallis foram usados e valores&#8208;p &#60; 0&#44;05 foram considerados significativos&#46; Os gr&#225;ficos foram elaborados com Graph Pad Prism &#40;v&#46; 6 &#8208; La Jolla&#44; CA&#44; Estados Unidos&#41;&#46; Todos os dados foram apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; erro padr&#227;o da m&#233;dia &#40;SEM&#41;&#44; a menos que especificado de outra forma&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">An&#225;lise demogr&#225;fica</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> apresenta uma vis&#227;o geral das caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas de pacientes com vitiligo e indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis participantes do estudo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Medi&#231;&#227;o da IL&#8208;27 s&#233;rica</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 em 79 pacientes com vitiligo generalizado &#40;72 casos&#41; ou localizado &#40;sete casos&#41; foram mensuradas pela t&#233;cnica ELISA&#46; O grupo controle incluiu 45 indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis e pareados por sexo&#46; Como apresentado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#44; os resultados mostraram uma diferen&#231;a significativa nas concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 entre pacientes com vitiligo &#40;5&#46;267&#44;8 &#177; 399 pg&#47;mL&#41; e indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis &#40;7&#46;097&#44;7 &#177; 1&#46;502 pg&#47;mL&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;0262&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Correla&#231;&#245;es entre IL&#8208;27 e caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram avaliadas as correla&#231;&#245;es entre as concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 e sexo&#44; gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; dois tipos de vitiligo &#40;localizado&#47;generalizado&#41;&#44; formas segmentar&#47;n&#227;o segmentar da doen&#231;a e resposta ao tratamento em pacientes com vitiligo&#46; N&#227;o foi observada uma correla&#231;&#227;o significativa entre os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;27 e esses par&#226;metros no presente estudo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A principal causa do vitiligo ainda n&#227;o foi bem estabelecida&#46; Recentemente&#44; estudos em humanos e experimentais apresentaram evid&#234;ncias consider&#225;veis sobre o padr&#227;o de autoimunidade na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46; Foi demonstrado que a imunidade humoral e celular est&#225; envolvida na etiologia da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#8211;39</span></a> As evid&#234;ncias sugerem um papel prim&#225;rio dos mecanismos mediados por c&#233;lulas&#44; inclusive as c&#233;lulas Th1&#47;Th17 e Tc1&#44; na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> V&#225;rias citocinas inflamat&#243;rias &#40;IL&#8208;1&#44; IL&#8208;6&#44; TNF&#8208;&#945;&#44; IL&#8208;6 e IL&#8208;17&#41; desempenham um papel fundamental na despigmenta&#231;&#227;o da pele&#44; enquanto o n&#237;vel de TGF&#8208;&#946; indicava um estado revers&#237;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;41</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi sugerido que a IL&#8208;27 atue como citocina pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria e anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria&#46; Concentra&#231;&#245;es alteradas de IL&#8208;27 foram observadas em v&#225;rias doen&#231;as autoimunes e dermatol&#243;gicas&#46; Apesar de os estudos iniciais terem identificado o papel pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rio da IL&#8208;27&#44; as evid&#234;ncias mais recentes sugerem que ela suprime a prolifera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas imunes e a produ&#231;&#227;o de citocinas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Essas aplica&#231;&#245;es das citocinas est&#227;o relacionadas a sua atividade pr&#243;&#8208; ou anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria&#46; O duplo papel da IL&#8208;27 est&#225; relacionado aos diferentes tecidos envolvidos&#44; ao mecanismo subjacente ou ao tipo e est&#225;gio das doen&#231;as autoimunes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Estudos anteriores revelaram que a concentra&#231;&#227;o sangu&#237;nea de IL&#8208;27 estava aumentada em pacientes com p&#234;nfigo e psor&#237;ase&#46; Eles indicaram que os n&#237;veis de IL&#8208;27 estavam fortemente correlacionados com os t&#237;tulos de autoanticorpos IgG no p&#234;nfigo e tamb&#233;m com o in&#237;cio e a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43</span></a> A literatura tamb&#233;m apresenta relatos de express&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 na pele com eczema&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> Essa evid&#234;ncia respalda a fun&#231;&#227;o pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria da IL&#8208;27&#46; Embora as concentra&#231;&#245;es plasm&#225;ticas de IL&#8208;27 sejam elevadas em algumas doen&#231;as cut&#226;neas&#44; o n&#237;vel s&#233;rico dessa citocina &#233; reduzido em algumas doen&#231;as autoimunes&#44; como a sindrome de Vogt&#8208;Koyanagi&#8208;Harada &#40;VKH&#41;&#44; doen&#231;a de Beh&#231;et &#40;DB&#41; e LES&#46; Wang et al&#46; descreveram que a express&#227;o do mRNA de p28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da IL&#8208;27 por c&#233;lulas mononucleares do sangue perif&#233;rico e a concentra&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica de IL&#8208;27 nos soros e sobrenadantes de culturas dessas c&#233;lulas foram visivelmente reduzidas em pacientes com DB e VKH ativas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; Gaber et al&#46; observaram que o n&#237;vel de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com LES &#233; significativamente mais baixo do que em controles saud&#225;veis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#8211;46</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Com base nessas explica&#231;&#245;es e nos resultados de v&#225;rios estudos sobre a express&#227;o alterada de IL&#8208;27 em doen&#231;as autoimunes e doen&#231;as cut&#226;neas&#44; foi levantada a hip&#243;tese de que a concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo poderia estar alterada&#46; Consistentemente com estudos anteriores em pacientes com LES e DB&#44; o presente estudo observou que as concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 foram reduzidas em pacientes com vitiligo&#44; o que pode ser justificado por alguns mecanismos prov&#225;veis&#46; Em primeiro lugar&#44; a IL&#8208;27 atua contra o desenvolvimento de Th17 de maneira direta&#44; por meio da modula&#231;&#227;o de CDs&#44; e induz a produ&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;10 por c&#233;lulas T CD4 &#43; primitivas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> A Th17 contribui para a patog&#234;nese do vitiligo pela produ&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;17&#46; A IL&#8208;27 inibe a diferencia&#231;&#227;o e gera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas Th17 via IL&#8208;6 e a supress&#227;o do fator de crescimento transformador&#8208;&#946; &#40;TGF&#8208;&#946;&#41;&#44; que depende da mol&#233;cula de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o intracelular STAT1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A IL&#8208;27 desempenha um papel imunomodulador no vitiligo&#46; De acordo com as observa&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi identificada uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de IL&#8208;27 e dados demogr&#225;ficos&#44; gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; tipos de vitiligo e resposta ao tratamento&#46; Mais estudos com maior n&#250;mero de pacientes&#44; inclusive todos os tipos de vitiligo&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para revelar as poss&#237;veis altera&#231;&#245;es na concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 nesses pacientes e sua correla&#231;&#227;o com as caracter&#237;sticas da doen&#231;a&#44; inclusive gravidade e extens&#227;o da &#225;rea da pele afetada&#46; A IL&#8208;27 desempenha dois pap&#233;is e deve ser considerada como um novo alvo para a manipula&#231;&#227;o do sistema imunol&#243;gico em v&#225;rias doen&#231;as imunomediadas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Universidade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Shiraz &#40;bolsa n&#176; 17684&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Saeed Malek Hosseini&#58; Reda&#231;&#227;o e edi&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Naser Gholijani&#58; Coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o no desenho do estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nooshafarin Chenari&#58; Coleta&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o de dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o no desenho do estudo&#59; reda&#231;&#227;o e edi&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O vitiligo &#233; uma doen&#231;a cut&#226;nea comum em que os melan&#243;citos s&#227;o destru&#237;dos por respostas imunes autorreativas&#46; A perda de melan&#243;citos resulta no aparecimento de &#225;reas despigmentadas em diferentes partes do corpo&#46; As citocinas&#44; como IL&#8208;1&#44; IL&#8208;6 e TNF&#8208;&#945;&#44; t&#234;m um papel importante na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46; A interleucina 27 &#40;IL&#8208;27&#41; &#233; um novo membro da fam&#237;lia IL&#8208;6&#47;IL&#8208;12&#44; liberada principalmente por c&#233;lulas apresentadoras de ant&#237;geno ativadas&#46; Foi sugerido que a IL&#8208;27 atue como citocina pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria e anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;ria&#46; Concentra&#231;&#245;es alteradas de IL&#8208;27 foram observadas em v&#225;rias doen&#231;as autoimunes&#44; como esclerose m&#250;ltipla&#44; artrite reumatoide e psor&#237;ase&#46; Ainda n&#227;o foram realizados estudos para determinar a express&#227;o dessa citocina em pacientes com vitiligo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a concentra&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo e compar&#225;&#8208;la com a de indiv&#237;duos normais&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A concentra&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica de IL&#8208;27 em 79 pacientes com vitiligo foi avaliada em compara&#231;&#227;o com 45 controles saud&#225;veis com o teste ELISA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados mostraram diminui&#231;&#227;o da concentra&#231;&#227;o de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis &#40;p &#61; 0&#44;026&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; n&#227;o foi observada correla&#231;&#227;o entre as concentra&#231;&#245;es de IL&#8208;27 e os par&#226;metros da doen&#231;a&#44; como a gravidade do vitiligo e a extens&#227;o da &#225;rea despigmentada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Um tamanho de amostra maior seria mais recomend&#225;vel para esse estudo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A redu&#231;&#227;o nos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de IL&#8208;27 em pacientes com vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos normais sugere que essa citocina possa ter um papel anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;rio no vitiligo&#46; Assim&#44; a IL&#8208;27 pode ser considerada como um novo alvo para a manipula&#231;&#227;o do sistema imunol&#243;gico em pacientes com vitiligo&#46;</p></span>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o das concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de IL&#8208;27 com base em dados demogr&#225;ficos e manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas em pacientes com vitiligo</p>"
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