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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A leishmaniose &#233; uma doen&#231;a infectoparasit&#225;ria cr&#244;nica causada por diversas esp&#233;cies de protozo&#225;rios do g&#234;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46; No Brasil&#44; as esp&#233;cies envolvidas nas infec&#231;&#245;es que determinam as manifesta&#231;&#245;es tegumentares s&#227;o principalmente <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41;&#160;braziliensis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Leishmania&#41; amazonensis</span>&#44; seguidas das esp&#233;cies <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41; guyanensis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41; lainsoni</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41; shawi</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41; naiffi</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">linderbergi</span>&#44; com menor incid&#234;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Mais recentemente t&#234;m sido relatados casos isolados de leishmaniose tegumentar americana &#40;LTA&#41; causadas por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Leishmania&#41; infantum chagasi</span> em pacientes com ou sem coinfec&#231;&#227;o por HIV&#44; nas regi&#245;es Centro&#8208;Oeste e Sudeste do pa&#237;s&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na pele&#44; a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica inicial mais comum da LTA &#233; de &#250;lcera emoldurada no local da inocula&#231;&#227;o do parasita pelo inseto&#46; Nessa forma &#233; poss&#237;vel encontrar o parasita por pesquisa direta do esfrega&#231;o do fundo de &#250;lceras recentes&#46; No entanto&#44; h&#225; outras formas de manifesta&#231;&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; como verrucosa&#44; papulosa&#44; nodular&#44; sarco&#237;dica&#44; placa infiltrada e vegetante&#44; nas quais a presen&#231;a do parasita no tecido &#233; rara e a histopatologia &#233; inespec&#237;fica&#44; varia de infiltrado inflamat&#243;rio linfoplasmocit&#225;rio at&#233; granuloma com ou sem necrose tecidual&#44; dificulta assim o diagn&#243;stico diferencial com outras doen&#231;as infecciosas&#44; inflamat&#243;rias e at&#233; neopl&#225;sicas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9</span></a> A imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica tecidual com anticorpos antileishmania contribui para o diagn&#243;stico&#44; mas apresenta sensibilidade por volta de 66&#37; dos casos&#46; A rea&#231;&#227;o intrad&#233;rmica de Montenegro positiva &#40;&#707; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; pode auxiliar por ter alto valor preditivo&#59; no entanto&#44; esse exame apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#58; &#233; negativo nos primeiros meses de infec&#231;&#227;o e em pacientes an&#233;rgicos e mant&#233;m&#8208;se positivo mesmo ap&#243;s a cura da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; a leishmaniose pode ser diagnosticada de v&#225;rias maneiras&#44; todas com vantagens e limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; No entanto&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; um exame padr&#227;o ouro para diagnosticar a doen&#231;a&#46; A microscopia &#233; &#250;til em &#225;reas end&#234;micas&#44; mas apresenta baixa sensibilidade e depende da avalia&#231;&#227;o de um patologista experiente&#44; al&#233;m de n&#227;o ser poss&#237;vel a identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies do parasita&#46; Os testes sorol&#243;gicos podem fornecer um diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido&#44; de f&#225;cil interpreta&#231;&#227;o e s&#227;o relativamente baratos&#59; no entanto&#44; h&#225; varia&#231;&#245;es na sensibilidade e na especificidade nas diferentes regi&#245;es end&#234;micas&#44; al&#233;m da impossibilidade de identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies causadoras da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diferentes m&#233;todos com abordagens moleculares que exploram caracter&#237;sticas espec&#237;ficas do DNA de parasitas t&#234;m sido testados para o diagn&#243;stico das leishmanioses&#46; Inicialmente&#44; as an&#225;lises de padr&#245;es de fragmentos gerados por enzimas de restri&#231;&#227;o &#40;RFLP&#41; constitu&#237;am o m&#233;todo empregando DNA como alvo na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> e de outros tripanossomat&#237;deos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> Outro tipo de an&#225;lise de gen&#243;tipos consiste na constru&#231;&#227;o de sondas usadas em testes de hibrida&#231;&#227;o molecular&#46; Essa t&#233;cnica foi empregada tanto em estudos discriminat&#243;rios entre esp&#233;cies fortemente relacionadas quanto para o diagn&#243;stico de infec&#231;&#245;es&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> A t&#233;cnica de amplifica&#231;&#227;o aleat&#243;ria de DNA polim&#243;rfico &#40;RAPD&#41;&#44; que amplifica por rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase &#40;PCR&#41; fragmentos com iniciadores aleat&#243;rios&#44; tamb&#233;m foi uma t&#233;cnica adotada para analisar padr&#245;es espec&#237;ficos capazes de discriminar os organismos do g&#234;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Em fun&#231;&#227;o de in&#250;meras vantagens&#44; os testes baseados na t&#233;cnica de PCR s&#227;o as principais ferramentas usadas na detec&#231;&#227;o e identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46; Essa metodologia torna poss&#237;vel&#44; al&#233;m do uso de &#237;nfimas quantidades de material biol&#243;gico&#44; a discrimina&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de organismos pela an&#225;lise de polimorfismos dos alvos&#46; Diferentes t&#233;cnicas baseadas em PCR t&#234;m sido empregadas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> por apresentar vantagens como rapidez e sensibilidade e especificidade altas&#44; quando comparadas &#224;s t&#233;cnicas convencionais baseadas em microscopia e cultura de c&#233;lulas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversas sequ&#234;ncias de DNA t&#234;m sido usadas como alvo para a identifica&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; como o DNA do cinetoplasto &#40;kDNA&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> o DNA riboss&#244;mico &#40;rDNA&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> o gene g6pd&#44; entre outros alvos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> O kDNA comp&#245;e cerca de 15&#37; do DNA do parasita e &#233; formado por uma rede de mol&#233;culas circulares concatenadas&#44; os maxic&#237;rculos e os minic&#237;rculos&#46; Por organismo&#44; s&#227;o encontrados entre 10 mil&#160;e 20 mil&#160;minic&#237;rculos com tamanho de 0&#44;5 a 2&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kb e cerca de 50 maxic&#237;rculos de 20 a 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kb que codificam prote&#237;nas mitocondriais e RNA riboss&#244;mico &#40;rRNA&#41; da organela&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> Entre os alvos descritos na literatura&#44; o kDNA est&#225; entre os mais usados no diagn&#243;stico molecular&#46; O elevado n&#250;mero de c&#243;pias do alvo por genoma garante alta sensibilidade e constitui a principal vantagem da t&#233;cnica&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; a acur&#225;cia dos ensaios pode ser afetada pela consider&#225;vel heterogeneidade das sequ&#234;ncias de kDNA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o de cistrons riboss&#244;micos de diversos tripanossomat&#237;deos viabilizou a descri&#231;&#227;o de sondas capazes de identificar alguns organismos&#46; A princ&#237;pio foi demonstrada a exist&#234;ncia de polimorfismo nas sequ&#234;ncias espa&#231;adoras de genes riboss&#244;micos em <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trypanosoma</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o de cistrons riboss&#244;micos de seis esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> mostrou um padr&#227;o caracter&#237;stico dessas esp&#233;cies pontuado pela exist&#234;ncia de um s&#237;tio de restri&#231;&#227;o reconhecido pela enzima PvuII&#46; Esse s&#237;tio&#44; presente na sequ&#234;ncia codificadora do rRNA 18S ou SSU&#44; foi explorado na constru&#231;&#227;o de oligonucleot&#237;deos capazes de identificar o g&#234;nero&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Com base em polimorfismos na sequ&#234;ncia desse mesmo gene&#44; foram descritas sondas que puderam ser usadas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de diferentes grupos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> O sequenciamento de amplicons desse segmento g&#234;nico tem sido empregado na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46; Dois pontos de muta&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o encontrados nas posi&#231;&#245;es 1714 e 1721<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da sequ&#234;ncia SSU rDNA&#44; capazes de discriminar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Leishmania&#41; amazonensis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Viannia&#41;</span> spp&#46; Baseados nessa estrat&#233;gia&#44; diversos trabalhos que exploraram as caracter&#237;sticas polim&#243;rficas do SSU rDNA foram feitos com abordagens distintas&#44; focaram aspectos cl&#237;nicos&#44; epidemiol&#243;gicos&#44; ecol&#243;gicos&#44; entre outros&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;30</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre as t&#233;cnicas de identifica&#231;&#227;o molecular mais usadas&#44; destacamos as an&#225;lises por eletroforese de isoenzimas&#44; tamb&#233;m denominadas zimodemas&#46; A glicose&#8208;6&#8208;fosfato desidrogenase &#40;G6PD&#41; &#233; uma das principais enzimas usadas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> por an&#225;lise de zimodemas&#46; O polimorfismo na estrutura dessas prote&#237;nas &#233; reflexo de polimorfismos em n&#237;vel g&#234;nico&#44; o que tornou poss&#237;vel o emprego de marcadores moleculares capazes de discriminar e quantificar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> por PCR convencional e em tempo real&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m desses&#44; outros alvos de DNA descritos na literatura&#44; como os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">internal transcribed spacers</span> &#40;ITSs&#41; presentes no cistron de rDNA&#44; o gene que codifica a prote&#237;na de choque t&#233;rmico&#44; hsp70&#44; o gene cpb &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cysteine proteinase</span>&#41;&#44; entre outros&#44; t&#234;m sido explorados em testes de identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; com base nas caracter&#237;sticas polim&#243;rficas do DNA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso simult&#226;neo de alvos diferentes tamb&#233;m tem sido aplicado em rea&#231;&#245;es de PCR convencionais com o objetivo de discriminar os pat&#243;genos das leishmanioses&#46; A combina&#231;&#227;o de oligonucleot&#237;deos desenhados a partir da sequ&#234;ncia do gene que codifica o mini&#233;xon adicionado por trans&#8208;splicing a todos os RNA mensageiros de tripanosomat&#237;deos&#44; o SL RNA&#44; foi descrita como capaz de discriminar&#44; em uma &#250;nica rea&#231;&#227;o de PCR&#44; as esp&#233;cies causadoras da forma visceral da doen&#231;a em um grupo e as esp&#233;cies respons&#225;veis pela forma tegumentar da doen&#231;a em outros dois grupos&#44; distintos por inclu&#237;rem esp&#233;cies dos subg&#234;neros <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Leishmania&#41;</span> ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Viannia&#41;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;32</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; foi descrito um importante polimorfismo no gene que codifica a prote&#237;na de choque t&#233;rmico&#44; HSP70&#44; que associado &#224; an&#225;lise pela aplica&#231;&#227;o de an&#225;lises de HRM &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">High Resolution Melting</span>&#41;&#44; m&#233;todo capaz de detectar diferen&#231;as na composi&#231;&#227;o de nucleot&#237;deos de produtos espec&#237;ficos de PCR&#44; permite discriminar todas as esp&#233;cies que circulam no territ&#243;rio nacional e as esp&#233;cies mais importantes encontradas no Mediterr&#226;neo&#44; na &#205;ndia e no norte da &#193;frica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> A aplica&#231;&#227;o dessa t&#233;cnica tem se revelado &#250;til no diagn&#243;stico e na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em diferentes amostras&#44; tanto de pacientes &#40;em bi&#243;psias a fresco&#44; como em material parafinado&#41; quanto em animais reservat&#243;rios&#44; como c&#227;es&#44; e em hospedeiros flebotom&#237;neos&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Testes diagn&#243;sticos que envolvem a detec&#231;&#227;o de &#225;cidos nucleicos de parasitas&#44; principalmente aqueles baseados na amplifica&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de DNA&#44; como as PCR&#44; s&#227;o descritos como op&#231;&#245;es altamente sens&#237;veis e espec&#237;ficas&#44; com capacidade potencial de quantificar e identificar as esp&#233;cies infectantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;34&#8211;36</span></a> An&#225;lises de HRM feitas no fim de rea&#231;&#245;es de PCR em tempo real s&#227;o capazes de detectar diferen&#231;as termodin&#226;micas no perfil de dissocia&#231;&#227;o de amplicons&#44; determinam assinaturas espec&#237;ficas como resultado de pequenas diferen&#231;as na composi&#231;&#227;o nucleot&#237;dica das esp&#233;cies&#46; A t&#233;cnica de PCR&#8208;HRM tem sido usada na identifica&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o s&#243; de esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; mas tamb&#233;m de outros agentes infecciosos&#44; e tem sido descrita como uma ferramenta relativamente barata&#44; r&#225;pida e eficaz para detec&#231;&#227;o e discrimina&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em todas as regi&#245;es end&#234;micas do mundo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;37&#44;38</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todo</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo retrospectivo foi realizado na Cl&#237;nica de Dermatologia de um hospital terci&#225;rio de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; analisou os dados de 22 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de LTA atendidos de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2018&#46; O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica &#40;CAAE&#58; 48719115&#46;0&#46;0000&#46;5479&#41; e os dados cl&#237;nicos&#44; epidemiol&#243;gicos e resultados de exames complementares foram obtidos em an&#225;lise de prontu&#225;rio&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> sp&#46; foi identificada com a aplica&#231;&#227;o da metodologia PCR&#8208;HRM&#44; como previamente descrito por nosso grupo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> a partir de amostra de DNA purificado dos blocos de parafina obtidos do laborat&#243;rio de patologia do hospital&#46; O envio das amostras obedeceu a um crit&#233;rio de teste cego&#44; inclusive nos casos em que mais de uma amostra foi obtida do mesmo paciente&#46; As bi&#243;psias parafinadas passaram por um processo de remo&#231;&#227;o de parafina com sucessivos banhos de xilol aquecido&#44; seguidos de banhos de etanol e posterior hidrata&#231;&#227;o da amostra&#46; O DNA das bi&#243;psias foi ent&#227;o extra&#237;do e purificado com o uso do kit DNeasy Blood &#38; Tissue &#40;Qiagen&#41;&#44; de acordo com o protocolo sugerido pelo fabricante&#46; Uma primeira etapa&#44; denominada pr&#233;&#8208;amplifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; foi feita com oligonucleot&#237;deos iniciadores baseados na sequ&#234;ncia do gene hsp70 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> que amplifica&#44; por PCR convencional&#44; um segmento do DNA que cont&#233;m s&#237;tios polim&#243;rficos pass&#237;veis de serem analisados por HRM&#46; Os produtos da pr&#233;&#8208;amplifica&#231;&#227;o foram ent&#227;o submetidos a rea&#231;&#245;es de PCR em tempo real&#44; com o uso do kit MeltDoc Master Mix &#40;Life Technologies&#41;&#44; em que tr&#234;s regi&#245;es distintas do gene foram amplificadas independentemente&#46; As an&#225;lises de HRM foram feitas no fim de cada rea&#231;&#227;o de PCR em tempo real e os perfis de dissocia&#231;&#227;o de DNA foram gerados pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> High Resolution Melting v&#46;&#160;3&#46;0&#46;1 &#40;Life Technologies&#41; e comparados aos perfis gerados a partir de amostras de DNA de cepas refer&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> spp&#46; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;L&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">infantum chagasi</span> &#40;MCER&#47;BR&#47;1981&#47;M6445&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;L&#46;&#41; major</span> MHOM&#47;IL&#47;81&#47;Friedlin&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;L&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">amazonensis</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;1973&#47;M2269&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;L&#46;&#41; mexicana</span> &#40;MNYC&#47;BZ&#47;62&#47;M379&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;&#160;&#40;L&#46;&#41; lainsoni</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;81&#47;M6426&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;&#160;&#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">braziliensis</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;1975&#47;M2903&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guyanensis</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;1975&#47;M4147&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">naiffi</span> &#40;MDAS&#47;BR&#47;1979&#47;M5533&#41; e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shawi</span> &#40;MCEB&#47;BR&#47;84&#47;M8408&#41;&#93;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; os resultados obtidos por PCR&#8208;HRM foram comparados aos m&#233;todos j&#225; descritos na literatura&#44; tais como sequenciamento de um segmento do gene SSU&#8208;rDNA&#44; PCR&#8208;kDNA e por RFLP &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">restriction fragment length polymorphisms</span>&#41; do gene hsp70&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No per&#237;odo estudado foram atendidos 22&#160;pacientes com suspeita diagn&#243;stica de LTA&#46; O grupo apresentava 12&#160;pacientes do sexo masculino e 10&#160;pacientes do feminino&#46; A idade variou de&#160;13&#160;a&#160;78&#160;anos&#44; com m&#233;dia de 45&#44;72 &#177; 18&#44;41&#160;e mediana de 43&#44;50&#160;anos&#46; O tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o de pele variou de um m&#234;s a 108 meses&#44; com m&#233;dia de 28&#44;31 &#177; 35&#44;49&#160;e mediana de 10&#46; A forma cl&#237;nica mais encontrada foi &#250;lcera de pele &#40;13 pacientes&#41;&#44; seguida por &#250;lceras em mucosas &#40;quatro pacientes com les&#245;es nasais e dois com orais&#41;&#44; les&#245;es cut&#226;neas papulosas &#40;dois pacientes&#41; e les&#227;o nodular cut&#226;nea em um paciente &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">figs&#46; 1 e 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas epidemiol&#243;gicas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; histopatol&#243;gicas e pesquisa direta do parasita no tecido lesado dos 22&#160;pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo est&#227;o especificadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para diagn&#243;stico&#44; foram feitos esfrega&#231;os em les&#245;es de 17&#160;pacientes &#40;oito positivas&#41; e bi&#243;psias de pele em todos os 22&#160;pacientes &#40;14&#160;positivas&#41;&#44; com an&#225;lise de todas as amostras pela colora&#231;&#227;o de rotina &#40;hematoxilina&#8208;eosina&#41; e feitura de estudo imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mico para detec&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em oito pacientes&#46; Em 10&#160;pacientes foi feita mais de uma bi&#243;psia com o intuito de diagnosticar a doen&#231;a&#46; Ao todo&#44; foram 38&#160;blocos analisados por histologia&#44; PCR&#8208;SSU&#44; PCR&#8208;kDNA&#44; SSU&#8208;Seq&#44; PCR hsp70&#8208;RFLP&#44; PCR hsp70&#8208;HRM &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Onze pacientes apresentaram formas amastigotas positivas em exame de esfrega&#231;o e&#47;ou exame histol&#243;gico&#44; dos quais apenas dois pacientes foram positivos nos dois testes&#46; Em 11&#160;pacientes n&#227;o foram encontradas formas amastigotas&#44; por um ou outro teste &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 22 pacientes com suspeita de LTA atendidos no per&#237;odo&#44; 14 tiveram a esp&#233;cie do parasita identificada por SSU&#8208;Seq&#44; PCR hsp70&#8208;RFLP ou PCR hsp70&#8208;HRM&#58; cinco casos &#40;35&#44;6&#37;&#41; de infec&#231;&#245;es por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#44; quatro &#40;28&#44;5&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#43; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; guyanensis</span> e um &#40;7&#44;1&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#46; Interessante notar que o sequenciamento do fragmento SSU n&#227;o permite a identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies do subg&#234;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Viannia&#41;</span>&#44; mas houve coincid&#234;ncia da esp&#233;cie identificada&#44; ou dentro desse subg&#234;nero&#44; ou nos casos em que houve uma dupla identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#43; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Das amostras de 11 pacientes em que foram detectadas formas amastigotas por meio da pesquisa direta em esfrega&#231;o de les&#227;o e&#47;ou exame histopatol&#243;gico de fragmento de pele&#44; foi poss&#237;vel identificar a esp&#233;cie do parasita em 10 delas e somente uma foi negativa pelos m&#233;todos moleculares empregados&#46; Em&#160;contrapartida&#44; das 11 amostras negativas pelos exames de esfrega&#231;o e&#47;ou exames histopatol&#243;gicos&#44; houve identifica&#231;&#227;o do protozo&#225;rio em quatro &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; Interessante observar que um dentre esses quatro pacientes&#44; o paciente&#160;5&#44; apresentava les&#245;es cut&#226;neas nodulares havia 108 meses&#44; de dif&#237;cil diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico e patol&#243;gico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> e <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O PCR&#8208;SSU foi positivo para 14 dos pacientes&#59; a esp&#233;cie foi identificada em todos&#44; ou por SSU&#8208;Seq ou PCR hsp70&#8208;RFLP ou PCR hsp70&#8208;HRM&#46; Ainda&#44; no DNA desses 14 pacientes foi aplicado o teste PCR&#8208;kDNA&#44; que resultou em 12 amostras positivas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ainda hoje h&#225; dificuldade de fazer o diagn&#243;stico preciso em pacientes com suspeita de leishmaniose cut&#226;nea e&#47;ou mucosa nos casos em que n&#227;o s&#227;o encontrados parasitas nas les&#245;es&#46; S&#227;o solicitados v&#225;rios exames complementares para tentar chegar ao diagn&#243;stico e excluir outras doen&#231;as como micobacterioses&#44; sarcoidose&#44; linfomas&#44; micoses profundas&#44; entre outras&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;8</span></a> Dessa maneira&#44; &#233; importante que se possa dispor de um exame r&#225;pido para diagn&#243;stico&#44; com especificidade e alta sensibilidade&#44; o que evitaria exames e consultas excessivos&#44; al&#233;m de provas terap&#234;uticas com efeitos colaterais indesej&#225;veis&#46; A introdu&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica de PCR para demonstra&#231;&#227;o do parasita tem evolu&#237;do muito nos &#250;ltimos anos&#59; a t&#233;cnica acoplada com HRM&#44; que tem como alvo o gene hsp70 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; possibilita a identifica&#231;&#227;o laboratorial de todas as esp&#233;cies com especificidade e alta sensibilidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;37&#44;38</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; os resultados apresentados ressaltam o fato de que&#44; mesmo em se tratando de um hospital p&#250;blico terci&#225;rio de refer&#234;ncia na maior cidade do pa&#237;s&#44; o acesso a exames diagn&#243;sticos simples n&#227;o &#233; sempre dispon&#237;vel&#46; Dos&#160;22&#160;casos estudados&#44; houve a possibilidade de se fazer o estudo imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mico para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em apenas oito &#40;36&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; A pesquisa direta do parasita no esfrega&#231;o da les&#227;o corada com Giemsa foi o exame mais acess&#237;vel&#44; feito em 17 pacientes &#40;77&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demonstra&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a do parasita pela detec&#231;&#227;o de seu DNA se d&#225; por testes considerados potencialmente sens&#237;veis&#44; uma vez que a positividade &#233; resultado da amplifica&#231;&#227;o exponencial do alvo por PCR&#46; De fato&#44; os testes de PCR aplicados&#160;em 14 dos 22 pacientes foram positivos com SSU &#40;63&#44;64&#37;&#41; e 12 foram positivos com kDNA &#40;54&#44;55&#37;&#41; &#8211; esses tamb&#233;m foram positivos para o PCR&#8208;SSU&#46; No entanto&#44; esses alvos n&#227;o permitem a discrimina&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie do parasita&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Houve concord&#226;ncia na identifica&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie nos testes SSU&#8208;Seq&#44; hsp70&#8208;RFLP e hsp70&#8208;HRM&#44; mas ressaltamos que os dois primeiros s&#227;o testes trabalhosos&#44; que requerem a manipula&#231;&#227;o do produto de PCR&#44; al&#233;m de um t&#233;cnico treinado para executar e analisar os resultados&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em um paciente em que foi detectada a presen&#231;a de amastigotas por histopatologia&#44; os testes PCR&#8208;SSU e hsp70&#8208;HRM foram negativos&#46; Uma poss&#237;vel falha na detec&#231;&#227;o de DNA do parasita pode ter explica&#231;&#245;es biol&#243;gicas ou f&#237;sico&#8208;qu&#237;micas&#46; A primeira baseia&#8208;se no fato de que les&#245;es cut&#226;neas e mucocut&#226;neas causadas principalmente por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span> t&#234;m como caracter&#237;stica comum a escassez ou aus&#234;ncia de parasitas&#44; dificultam o diagn&#243;stico laboratorial&#46; A segunda &#233; baseada no fato de que amostras biol&#243;gicas que passam por tratamentos de fixa&#231;&#227;o para an&#225;lises histol&#243;gicas est&#227;o sujeitas &#224; degrada&#231;&#227;o de DNA ou &#224; inibi&#231;&#227;o da enzima polimerase&#44; principalmente em fun&#231;&#227;o de sua exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; formalina ou a reagentes usados na prepara&#231;&#227;o das amostras&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;6&#44;38</span></a> No caso do paciente com evid&#234;ncia de formas amastigotas pelo exame de imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica&#44; a amostra foi submetida a um teste de amplifica&#231;&#227;o do DNA do hospedeiro por PCR convencional e teve o alvo amplificado&#46; Esse teste &#233; feito como rotina para verificar a qualidade do DNA e a interfer&#234;ncia da poss&#237;vel presen&#231;a de inibidores de polimerase nas amostras&#46; Esse resultado sugere&#44; ent&#227;o&#44; que a aus&#234;ncia ou extrema escassez de parasitas nessa amostra pode ser uma explica&#231;&#227;o convincente para a negatividade do teste de detec&#231;&#227;o e identifica&#231;&#227;o do parasita&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> em les&#245;es de cinco pacientes oriundos da Bahia &#40;dois&#41;&#44; do Sergipe &#40;um&#41;&#44; do Paran&#225; &#40;um&#41; e de Minas Gerais &#40;um&#41; inicialmente nos surpreendeu&#44; visto que nesses estados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span> &#233; a esp&#233;cie mais comumente relacionada aos casos de leishmaniose cutaneomucosa&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#233; classicamente considerada restrita a &#225;reas da Amaz&#244;nia&#44; com transmiss&#227;o por vetores silvestres e tem como reservat&#243;rios principalmente roedores&#46; No entanto&#44; recentemente t&#234;m sido descritas mudan&#231;as no perfil epidemiol&#243;gico dessa esp&#233;cie&#46; Na Bahia&#44; onde &#233; mais comum a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span>&#44; j&#225; em 1988 foi demonstrada&#44; por meio de pain&#233;is de anticorpos monoclonais&#44; a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> que causou les&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; e mais raramente&#44; les&#245;es mucosas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Em outras regi&#245;es como Mato Grosso do Sul&#44; Santa Catarina&#44; Paran&#225; e Rio de Janeiro foram identificados casos humanos isolados de leishmaniose tegumentar por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Essa esp&#233;cie tamb&#233;m foi identificada em c&#227;es no estado de S&#227;o Paulo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42</span></a> e mais recentemente em &#225;reas end&#234;micas do Sudeste do Brasil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;44</span></a> Assim&#44; consideramos que existe uma possibilidade de que uma propor&#231;&#227;o desconhecida de casos de leishmaniose cut&#226;nea esteja sendo causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> fora da Amaz&#244;nia&#46; Mais estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios j&#225; que s&#227;o descritos ind&#237;cios de que o perfil de transmiss&#227;o da leishmaniose tegumentar pode estar mudando&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m foi inesperado o achado de les&#227;o mucosa causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#46; Raros casos humanos foram descritos na literatura&#59; entretanto&#44; j&#225; foi reproduzida experimentalmente em ratos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> A identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; guyanensis</span> em dois pacientes oriundos do Nordeste do Brasil tamb&#233;m &#233; outro dado inesperado&#44; visto que essa esp&#233;cie tem ciclo de transmiss&#227;o aparentemente limitado &#224; Regi&#227;o Norte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;47</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; vale ressaltar que a origem geogr&#225;fica referida nos prontu&#225;rios n&#227;o aponta onde os pacientes foram infectados&#44; desde que h&#225; uma movimenta&#231;&#227;o nas diversas regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s&#44; e informa&#231;&#245;es mais precisas nesse sentido muitas vezes s&#227;o escassas em estudos retrospectivos&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia dessas esp&#233;cies fora das &#225;reas end&#234;micas alerta para a possibilidade de uma nova epidemiologia da doen&#231;a&#46; N&#227;o sabemos se est&#225; ocorrendo uma amplia&#231;&#227;o de sua distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica ou se essas esp&#233;cies j&#225; estavam sendo distribu&#237;das no territ&#243;rio nacional havia tempos e modifica&#231;&#245;es ambientais estariam aumentando a exposi&#231;&#227;o de animais como c&#227;es e homens a parasitas em &#225;reas onde eles n&#227;o haviam sido descritos&#46; Novos m&#233;todos de identifica&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie dos parasitas permitem que sua distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica seja revista&#44; contribuem para o entendimento da epidemiologia da doen&#231;a&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A identifica&#231;&#227;o de um caso com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span> &#233; considerada uma raridade na LTA no Brasil&#44; visto que essa esp&#233;cie &#233; geralmente relacionada ao acometimento visceral da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Casos isolados foram descritos em associa&#231;&#227;o com infec&#231;&#227;o por HIV&#44; em pacientes jovens&#44; e at&#233; mesmo um em &#225;rea urbana do Rio de Janeiro&#44; sem qualquer comorbidade associada&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> como o caso aqui apresentado&#46; Infec&#231;&#245;es mistas causadas por mais de uma esp&#233;cie de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; ou at&#233; mesmo com tripanossomat&#237;deos de outros g&#234;neros parasitando um mesmo hospedeiro&#44; apesar de raras&#44; t&#234;m sido descritas na literatura h&#225; alguns anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> Martinez et al&#46;&#44; em 2002&#44; descreveu o primeiro caso de detec&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span> em uma mesma les&#227;o em paciente boliviano&#44; situa&#231;&#227;o semelhante &#224; identificada em caso aqui apresentado&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> Essas duas esp&#233;cies foram encontradas em outro paciente&#44; mas em amostras distintas&#44; o que n&#227;o nos permite inferir se foram duas infec&#231;&#245;es temporalmente distintas ou uma dupla infec&#231;&#227;o inicial&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo apresenta limita&#231;&#245;es pelo fato de ser retrospectivo e pelo pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes&#44; mas pode apontar&#44; pela amplia&#231;&#227;o das observa&#231;&#245;es para mais casos&#44; para novos paradigmas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> relacionadas &#224;s diversas &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas e &#224;s formas de doen&#231;a&#46; As amostras de DNA de pacientes com diagn&#243;stico final negativo para leishmaniose tamb&#233;m devem ser consideradas informativas&#46; Houve concord&#226;ncia entre os resultados negativos e a aus&#234;ncia de formas amastigostas em 19 blocos analisados de oito pacientes&#46; Em termos pr&#225;ticos&#44; um resultado negativo confi&#225;vel pode evitar a coleta de mais amostras&#44; por falha de diagn&#243;stico al&#233;m de poupar um desnecess&#225;rio tratamento quimioter&#225;pico&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Idealmente&#44; a feitura de exame de PCR para detec&#231;&#227;o e identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> deve ser acess&#237;vel &#224; maioria dos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de de atendimento aos doentes no Brasil&#46; Anteriormente &#224; elabora&#231;&#227;o deste estudo e ao acesso &#224; identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies por hsp70&#8208;HRM nos blocos de parafina&#44; os pacientes atendidos em nosso servi&#231;o foram tratados com base nos dados cl&#237;nicos &#40;presen&#231;a de les&#227;o mucocut&#226;nea&#41;&#44; dados epidemiol&#243;gicos e exames complementares&#44; quando dispon&#237;veis&#46; Nota&#8208;se nos casos aqui descritos que o acesso a exames complementares n&#227;o &#233; rotina e naqueles com aus&#234;ncia de formas amastigotas h&#225; dificuldade para confirma&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica&#59; dessa forma&#44; muitas vezes &#233; indicada a feitura de prova terap&#234;utica com poss&#237;veis efeitos colaterais&#44; o que muitas vezes gera desconforto e sofrimento ao paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> &#233; importante para a escolha de tratamento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;47</span></a> Sabe&#8208;se que a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span> pode levar a comprometimento de mucosas&#44; mesmo em pacientes que tiveram uma &#250;nica &#250;lcera&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6</span></a> e h&#225; possibilidade de casos de acometimento visceral em pacientes com les&#245;es cut&#226;neas causadas por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;50</span></a> Assim&#44; nesses casos&#44; deve&#8208;se indicar tratamento sist&#234;mico em vez de locais&#44; como as infiltra&#231;&#245;es intralesionais com antimoniato de meglumina&#44; preconizadas para tratamento de les&#245;es ulceradas &#250;nicas na pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico da leishmaniose est&#225; entre os maiores desafios no que se refere ao combate &#224; doen&#231;a&#46; A identifica&#231;&#227;o correta da esp&#233;cie de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em amostras parafinadas de pele e mucosa &#233; fonte de dados importantes para estudos ecol&#243;gicos&#44; epidemiol&#243;gicos e sobre a biologia do parasita e sua intera&#231;&#227;o com o hospedeiro e pode ser indicativa do delineamento do protocolo terap&#234;utico&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos tr&#234;s testes empregados na identifica&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie&#44; dois s&#227;o muito trabalhosos e requerem t&#233;cnico treinado para a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados&#46; O fato de o resultado hsp70&#8208;HRM ser fornecido por uma m&#225;quina&#44; al&#233;m de tornar poss&#237;vel sua automa&#231;&#227;o&#44; elimina potenciais contamina&#231;&#245;es decorrentes de manipula&#231;&#245;es necess&#225;rias para a an&#225;lise de resultados obtidos por PCR convencional&#44; pois essa t&#233;cnica &#233; baseada em an&#225;lises do produto de PCR em tubos lacrados&#44; sem a necessidade de manipula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A elabora&#231;&#227;o deste trabalho tornou poss&#237;vel a identifica&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies do parasita em amostras cl&#237;nicas em 10&#47;11 pacientes com formas amastigotas positivas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; demonstrou a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em 4&#47;11 pacientes nos quais n&#227;o haviam sido encontradas formas amastigotas nas amostradas estudadas e definitivamente afastou o diagn&#243;stico de leishmaniose em 7&#47;11 pacientes com aus&#234;ncia de parasitas nos exames diretos&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; guyanensis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#44; foi detectada associa&#231;&#227;o das &#250;ltimas duas esp&#233;cies&#46; Na pr&#225;tica&#44; resultados como esse indicam que a ocorr&#234;ncia de casos tidos como raros podem ser mais comuns do que previamente descritos&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos que estudos prospectivos com popula&#231;&#245;es maiores devem ser feitos e tamb&#233;m sugerimos aplicar a t&#233;cnica hsp70&#8208;HRM em material obtido de esfrega&#231;os&#44; o que possibilita estudos em regi&#245;es remotas do pa&#237;s&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">John Verrinder Veasey&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ricardo Andrade Zampieri&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rute Facchini Lellis&#58; Obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tha&#237;s Helena Proen&#231;a de Freitas&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lucile Maria Floeter Winter&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania braziliensis</span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A leishmaniose tegumentar americana &#233; uma dermatose infecciosa causada por protozo&#225;rios do g&#234;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> e compreende amplo espectro de manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas dependente das esp&#233;cies do parasita envolvidas nas infec&#231;&#245;es e da resposta imunogen&#233;tica do hospedeiro&#46; O uso de t&#233;cnicas de amplifica&#231;&#227;o de DNA do parasita baseadas em rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase &#40;PCR&#41; e a recente aplica&#231;&#227;o de t&#233;cnicas acopladas&#44; como a de dissocia&#231;&#227;o de DNA em alta resolu&#231;&#227;o&#44; t&#234;m sido descritos como op&#231;&#227;o vi&#225;vel para a detec&#231;&#227;o e a identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> spp&#46; em amostras biol&#243;gicas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar as esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> pela t&#233;cnica de PCR&#8208;alta resolu&#231;&#227;o em bi&#243;psias de pele de pacientes atendidos em hospital e comparar com resultados obtidos por outras t&#233;cnicas de identifica&#231;&#227;o molecular&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospectivo que avaliou pacientes com suspeita de leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos em hospital da cidade de S&#227;o Paulo&#46; Bi&#243;psias parafinadas de 22 pacientes foram analisadas por PCR&#8208;alta resolu&#231;&#227;o para confirma&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico e identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dos 22 pacientes com suspeita de leishmaniose tegumentar americana&#44; 14 tiveram o parasita identificado&#58; cinco casos &#40;35&#44;6&#37;&#41; de infec&#231;&#227;o por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania amazonensis</span>&#44; quatro &#40;28&#44;5&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania braziliensis</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#43; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania infantum chagasi</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania guyanensis</span> e um&#160;caso &#40;7&#44;1&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#46; Em uma das amostras em que a presen&#231;a de formas amastigotas foi confirmada em exame histopatol&#243;gico&#44; a t&#233;cnica de PCR&#8208;alta resolu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o detectou o DNA do parasita&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospectivo com pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O m&#233;todo detectou e identificou esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em blocos parafinados com sensibilidade de 96&#44;4&#37;&#44; indicou a possibilidade de uso dessa metodologia na rotina diagn&#243;stica&#46;</p></span>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exemplos cl&#237;nicos dos pacientes com les&#245;es cl&#237;nicas cuja pesquisa PCR&#8208;HRM determinou a esp&#233;cie de&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> sp&#46;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 11&#160;&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span>&#44;&#160;paciente 13&#160;&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis &#43; L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;C&#41;</span>&#44; Paciente 14&#160;&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis &#43; L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;D&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 7 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; brasiliensis</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;E&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 3 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;F&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 5 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Exame direto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Histopatol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">PCR SSU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">PCR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">SSU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">HSP70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">HSP70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IHQ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">kDNA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seq&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RFLP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HRM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lcera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;membro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lcera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;membro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lcera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mucosa nasal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">P&#225;pula&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;nariz&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#243;dulos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;membro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;membro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;membro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">MG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lcera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Mucosa nasal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Mucosa nasal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Les&#227;o cutaneomucosa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PCR&#8208;HRM positivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PCR&#8208;HRM negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PCR&#8208;HRM positivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PCR&#8208;HRM negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pele</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#218;lcera em pele&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#243;dulos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mucosa</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#218;lcera oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultado da evid&#234;ncia do parasita pela pesquisa direta em esfrega&#231;o de les&#227;o e&#47;ou exame histopatol&#243;gico e identifica&#231;&#227;o da&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> sp<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> pelo m&#233;todo de PCR&#8208;HRM correlacionando com a forma cl&#237;nica</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:50 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Complementary exams in the diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Gomes"
                            1 => "N&#46;A&#46; de Paula"
                            2 => "O&#46;O&#46; de Morais"
                            3 => "K&#46;A&#46; Soares"
                            4 => "A&#46;M&#46; Roselino"
                            5 => "R&#46;N&#46;R&#46; Sampaio"
                          ]
                        ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142389"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Bras Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "701"
                        "paginaFinal" => "709"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25184908"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparative analysis of the geographic distribution of the histopathological spectrum and Leishmania species of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;W&#46;F&#46; Souza"
                            1 => "S&#46;V&#46;T&#46; Souza"
                            2 => "A&#46;C&#46;C&#46; Botelho"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1590/s0365-05962012000300003"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Bras Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "369"
                        "paginaFinal" => "374"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22714750"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => """
                    Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de &#91;Internet&#93;&#46; Bras&#237;lia&#58; Manual de vigil&#226;ncia da leishmaniose tegumentar&#46; &#91;Acessado em 05 ago 2019&#93;&#46; Dispon&#237;vel em&#58; \n
                    <http: bvsms.saude.gov.br="" vs="" ublicacoes="" anual_vigilancia_leishmaniose_tegumentar.pdf="">\n
                     &#46;\n
                    </http:>
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              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Leishmania infantum as a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;S&#46; Castro"
                            1 => "A&#46;O&#46; Fran&#231;a"
                            2 => "E&#46;C&#46; Ferreira"
                            3 => "G&#46; Hans Filho"
                            4 => "M&#46;G&#46; Higa J&#250;nior"
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                      "doi" => "10.1590/S1678-9946201658023"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brazil&#46; Rev Inst Med Trop S&#227;o Paulo&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "23"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007566"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "etiqueta" => "5"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "First report of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania &#40;leishmania&#41; infantum chagasi in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;R&#46; Lyra"
                            1 => "M&#46;I&#46; Pimentel"
                            2 => "M&#46;F&#46; Madeira"
                            3 => "L&#46;F&#46; Antonio"
                            4 => "J&#46;P&#46; Lyra"
                            5 => "A&#46; Fagundes"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1590/S0036-46652015000500016"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brazil&#46; Rev Inst Med Trop S&#227;o Paulo&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "451"
                        "paginaFinal" => "454"
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                      "titulo" => "Leishmaniasis"
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                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Burza"
                            1 => "S&#46;L&#46; Croft"
                            2 => "M&#46; Boelaert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31204-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "392"
                        "paginaInicial" => "951"
                        "paginaFinal" => "970"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30126638"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "American cutaneous leishmaniasis&#58; clinical&#44; epidemiological and laboratory studies conducted at a university teaching hospital in Campo Grande&#44; Mato Grosso do Sul&#44; Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "N&#46;D&#46;N&#46; Murback"
                            1 => "G&#46; Hans-FIlho"
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Investigação
Identificação de espécies de Leishmania por dissociação de DNA em alta resolução (HRM) em casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana
John Verrinder Veaseya,
Autor para correspondência
johnveasey@uol.com.br

Autor para correspondência.
, Ricardo Andrade Zampierib, Rute Facchini Lellisc, Thaís Helena Proença de Freitasa, Lucile Maria Floeter Winterb
a Clínica de Dermatologia, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
b Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
c Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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shawi</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41; naiffi</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Viannia&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">linderbergi</span>&#44; com menor incid&#234;ncia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Mais recentemente t&#234;m sido relatados casos isolados de leishmaniose tegumentar americana &#40;LTA&#41; causadas por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania &#40;Leishmania&#41; infantum chagasi</span> em pacientes com ou sem coinfec&#231;&#227;o por HIV&#44; nas regi&#245;es Centro&#8208;Oeste e Sudeste do pa&#237;s&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na pele&#44; a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica inicial mais comum da LTA &#233; de &#250;lcera emoldurada no local da inocula&#231;&#227;o do parasita pelo inseto&#46; 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5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; pode auxiliar por ter alto valor preditivo&#59; no entanto&#44; esse exame apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es&#58; &#233; negativo nos primeiros meses de infec&#231;&#227;o e em pacientes an&#233;rgicos e mant&#233;m&#8208;se positivo mesmo ap&#243;s a cura da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; a leishmaniose pode ser diagnosticada de v&#225;rias maneiras&#44; todas com vantagens e limita&#231;&#245;es&#46; No entanto&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; um exame padr&#227;o ouro para diagnosticar a doen&#231;a&#46; A microscopia &#233; &#250;til em &#225;reas end&#234;micas&#44; mas apresenta baixa sensibilidade e depende da avalia&#231;&#227;o de um patologista experiente&#44; al&#233;m de n&#227;o ser poss&#237;vel a identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies do parasita&#46; Os testes sorol&#243;gicos podem fornecer um diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido&#44; de f&#225;cil interpreta&#231;&#227;o e s&#227;o relativamente baratos&#59; no entanto&#44; h&#225; varia&#231;&#245;es na sensibilidade e na especificidade nas diferentes regi&#245;es end&#234;micas&#44; al&#233;m da impossibilidade de identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies causadoras da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diferentes m&#233;todos com abordagens moleculares que exploram caracter&#237;sticas espec&#237;ficas do DNA de parasitas t&#234;m sido testados para o diagn&#243;stico das leishmanioses&#46; Inicialmente&#44; as an&#225;lises de padr&#245;es de fragmentos gerados por enzimas de restri&#231;&#227;o &#40;RFLP&#41; constitu&#237;am o m&#233;todo empregando DNA como alvo na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> e de outros tripanossomat&#237;deos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> Outro tipo de an&#225;lise de gen&#243;tipos consiste na constru&#231;&#227;o de sondas usadas em testes de hibrida&#231;&#227;o molecular&#46; 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Essa metodologia torna poss&#237;vel&#44; al&#233;m do uso de &#237;nfimas quantidades de material biol&#243;gico&#44; a discrimina&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de organismos pela an&#225;lise de polimorfismos dos alvos&#46; Diferentes t&#233;cnicas baseadas em PCR t&#234;m sido empregadas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> por apresentar vantagens como rapidez e sensibilidade e especificidade altas&#44; quando comparadas &#224;s t&#233;cnicas convencionais baseadas em microscopia e cultura de c&#233;lulas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversas sequ&#234;ncias de DNA t&#234;m sido usadas como alvo para a identifica&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; como o DNA do cinetoplasto &#40;kDNA&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> o DNA riboss&#244;mico &#40;rDNA&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> o gene g6pd&#44; entre outros alvos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> O kDNA comp&#245;e cerca de 15&#37; do DNA do parasita e &#233; formado por uma rede de mol&#233;culas circulares concatenadas&#44; os maxic&#237;rculos e os minic&#237;rculos&#46; Por organismo&#44; s&#227;o encontrados entre 10 mil&#160;e 20 mil&#160;minic&#237;rculos com tamanho de 0&#44;5 a 2&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kb e cerca de 50 maxic&#237;rculos de 20 a 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kb que codificam prote&#237;nas mitocondriais e RNA riboss&#244;mico &#40;rRNA&#41; da organela&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> Entre os alvos descritos na literatura&#44; o kDNA est&#225; entre os mais usados no diagn&#243;stico molecular&#46; O elevado n&#250;mero de c&#243;pias do alvo por genoma garante alta sensibilidade e constitui a principal vantagem da t&#233;cnica&#46; Por&#233;m&#44; a acur&#225;cia dos ensaios pode ser afetada pela consider&#225;vel heterogeneidade das sequ&#234;ncias de kDNA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o de cistrons riboss&#244;micos de diversos tripanossomat&#237;deos viabilizou a descri&#231;&#227;o de sondas capazes de identificar alguns organismos&#46; A princ&#237;pio foi demonstrada a exist&#234;ncia de polimorfismo nas sequ&#234;ncias espa&#231;adoras de genes riboss&#244;micos em <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trypanosoma</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o de cistrons riboss&#244;micos de seis esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> mostrou um padr&#227;o caracter&#237;stico dessas esp&#233;cies pontuado pela exist&#234;ncia de um s&#237;tio de restri&#231;&#227;o reconhecido pela enzima PvuII&#46; Esse s&#237;tio&#44; presente na sequ&#234;ncia codificadora do rRNA 18S ou SSU&#44; foi explorado na constru&#231;&#227;o de oligonucleot&#237;deos capazes de identificar o g&#234;nero&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Com base em polimorfismos na sequ&#234;ncia desse mesmo gene&#44; foram descritas sondas que puderam ser usadas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de diferentes grupos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> O sequenciamento de amplicons desse segmento g&#234;nico tem sido empregado na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46; Dois pontos de muta&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o encontrados nas posi&#231;&#245;es 1714 e 1721<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da sequ&#234;ncia SSU rDNA&#44; capazes de discriminar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Leishmania&#41; amazonensis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Viannia&#41;</span> spp&#46; Baseados nessa estrat&#233;gia&#44; diversos trabalhos que exploraram as caracter&#237;sticas polim&#243;rficas do SSU rDNA foram feitos com abordagens distintas&#44; focaram aspectos cl&#237;nicos&#44; epidemiol&#243;gicos&#44; ecol&#243;gicos&#44; entre outros&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;30</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre as t&#233;cnicas de identifica&#231;&#227;o molecular mais usadas&#44; destacamos as an&#225;lises por eletroforese de isoenzimas&#44; tamb&#233;m denominadas zimodemas&#46; A glicose&#8208;6&#8208;fosfato desidrogenase &#40;G6PD&#41; &#233; uma das principais enzimas usadas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> por an&#225;lise de zimodemas&#46; O polimorfismo na estrutura dessas prote&#237;nas &#233; reflexo de polimorfismos em n&#237;vel g&#234;nico&#44; o que tornou poss&#237;vel o emprego de marcadores moleculares capazes de discriminar e quantificar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> por PCR convencional e em tempo real&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m desses&#44; outros alvos de DNA descritos na literatura&#44; como os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">internal transcribed spacers</span> &#40;ITSs&#41; presentes no cistron de rDNA&#44; o gene que codifica a prote&#237;na de choque t&#233;rmico&#44; hsp70&#44; o gene cpb &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cysteine proteinase</span>&#41;&#44; entre outros&#44; t&#234;m sido explorados em testes de identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; com base nas caracter&#237;sticas polim&#243;rficas do DNA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso simult&#226;neo de alvos diferentes tamb&#233;m tem sido aplicado em rea&#231;&#245;es de PCR convencionais com o objetivo de discriminar os pat&#243;genos das leishmanioses&#46; A combina&#231;&#227;o de oligonucleot&#237;deos desenhados a partir da sequ&#234;ncia do gene que codifica o mini&#233;xon adicionado por trans&#8208;splicing a todos os RNA mensageiros de tripanosomat&#237;deos&#44; o SL RNA&#44; foi descrita como capaz de discriminar&#44; em uma &#250;nica rea&#231;&#227;o de PCR&#44; as esp&#233;cies causadoras da forma visceral da doen&#231;a em um grupo e as esp&#233;cies respons&#225;veis pela forma tegumentar da doen&#231;a em outros dois grupos&#44; distintos por inclu&#237;rem esp&#233;cies dos subg&#234;neros <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Leishmania&#41;</span> ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Viannia&#41;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;32</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; foi descrito um importante polimorfismo no gene que codifica a prote&#237;na de choque t&#233;rmico&#44; HSP70&#44; que associado &#224; an&#225;lise pela aplica&#231;&#227;o de an&#225;lises de HRM &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">High Resolution Melting</span>&#41;&#44; m&#233;todo capaz de detectar diferen&#231;as na composi&#231;&#227;o de nucleot&#237;deos de produtos espec&#237;ficos de PCR&#44; permite discriminar todas as esp&#233;cies que circulam no territ&#243;rio nacional e as esp&#233;cies mais importantes encontradas no Mediterr&#226;neo&#44; na &#205;ndia e no norte da &#193;frica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> A aplica&#231;&#227;o dessa t&#233;cnica tem se revelado &#250;til no diagn&#243;stico e na identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em diferentes amostras&#44; tanto de pacientes &#40;em bi&#243;psias a fresco&#44; como em material parafinado&#41; quanto em animais reservat&#243;rios&#44; como c&#227;es&#44; e em hospedeiros flebotom&#237;neos&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Testes diagn&#243;sticos que envolvem a detec&#231;&#227;o de &#225;cidos nucleicos de parasitas&#44; principalmente aqueles baseados na amplifica&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de DNA&#44; como as PCR&#44; s&#227;o descritos como op&#231;&#245;es altamente sens&#237;veis e espec&#237;ficas&#44; com capacidade potencial de quantificar e identificar as esp&#233;cies infectantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;34&#8211;36</span></a> An&#225;lises de HRM feitas no fim de rea&#231;&#245;es de PCR em tempo real s&#227;o capazes de detectar diferen&#231;as termodin&#226;micas no perfil de dissocia&#231;&#227;o de amplicons&#44; determinam assinaturas espec&#237;ficas como resultado de pequenas diferen&#231;as na composi&#231;&#227;o nucleot&#237;dica das esp&#233;cies&#46; A t&#233;cnica de PCR&#8208;HRM tem sido usada na identifica&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o s&#243; de esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; mas tamb&#233;m de outros agentes infecciosos&#44; e tem sido descrita como uma ferramenta relativamente barata&#44; r&#225;pida e eficaz para detec&#231;&#227;o e discrimina&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em todas as regi&#245;es end&#234;micas do mundo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;37&#44;38</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todo</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O estudo retrospectivo foi realizado na Cl&#237;nica de Dermatologia de um hospital terci&#225;rio de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; analisou os dados de 22 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de LTA atendidos de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2018&#46; O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica &#40;CAAE&#58; 48719115&#46;0&#46;0000&#46;5479&#41; e os dados cl&#237;nicos&#44; epidemiol&#243;gicos e resultados de exames complementares foram obtidos em an&#225;lise de prontu&#225;rio&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> sp&#46; foi identificada com a aplica&#231;&#227;o da metodologia PCR&#8208;HRM&#44; como previamente descrito por nosso grupo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> a partir de amostra de DNA purificado dos blocos de parafina obtidos do laborat&#243;rio de patologia do hospital&#46; O envio das amostras obedeceu a um crit&#233;rio de teste cego&#44; inclusive nos casos em que mais de uma amostra foi obtida do mesmo paciente&#46; As bi&#243;psias parafinadas passaram por um processo de remo&#231;&#227;o de parafina com sucessivos banhos de xilol aquecido&#44; seguidos de banhos de etanol e posterior hidrata&#231;&#227;o da amostra&#46; O DNA das bi&#243;psias foi ent&#227;o extra&#237;do e purificado com o uso do kit DNeasy Blood &#38; Tissue &#40;Qiagen&#41;&#44; de acordo com o protocolo sugerido pelo fabricante&#46; Uma primeira etapa&#44; denominada pr&#233;&#8208;amplifica&#231;&#227;o&#44; foi feita com oligonucleot&#237;deos iniciadores baseados na sequ&#234;ncia do gene hsp70 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> que amplifica&#44; por PCR convencional&#44; um segmento do DNA que cont&#233;m s&#237;tios polim&#243;rficos pass&#237;veis de serem analisados por HRM&#46; Os produtos da pr&#233;&#8208;amplifica&#231;&#227;o foram ent&#227;o submetidos a rea&#231;&#245;es de PCR em tempo real&#44; com o uso do kit MeltDoc Master Mix &#40;Life Technologies&#41;&#44; em que tr&#234;s regi&#245;es distintas do gene foram amplificadas independentemente&#46; As an&#225;lises de HRM foram feitas no fim de cada rea&#231;&#227;o de PCR em tempo real e os perfis de dissocia&#231;&#227;o de DNA foram gerados pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> High Resolution Melting v&#46;&#160;3&#46;0&#46;1 &#40;Life Technologies&#41; e comparados aos perfis gerados a partir de amostras de DNA de cepas refer&#234;ncia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> spp&#46; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;L&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">infantum chagasi</span> &#40;MCER&#47;BR&#47;1981&#47;M6445&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;L&#46;&#41; major</span> MHOM&#47;IL&#47;81&#47;Friedlin&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;L&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">amazonensis</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;1973&#47;M2269&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;L&#46;&#41; mexicana</span> &#40;MNYC&#47;BZ&#47;62&#47;M379&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;&#160;&#40;L&#46;&#41; lainsoni</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;81&#47;M6426&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46;&#160;&#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">braziliensis</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;1975&#47;M2903&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">guyanensis</span> &#40;MHOM&#47;BR&#47;1975&#47;M4147&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">naiffi</span> &#40;MDAS&#47;BR&#47;1979&#47;M5533&#41; e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;V&#46;&#41;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shawi</span> &#40;MCEB&#47;BR&#47;84&#47;M8408&#41;&#93;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; os resultados obtidos por PCR&#8208;HRM foram comparados aos m&#233;todos j&#225; descritos na literatura&#44; tais como sequenciamento de um segmento do gene SSU&#8208;rDNA&#44; PCR&#8208;kDNA e por RFLP &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">restriction fragment length polymorphisms</span>&#41; do gene hsp70&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No per&#237;odo estudado foram atendidos 22&#160;pacientes com suspeita diagn&#243;stica de LTA&#46; O grupo apresentava 12&#160;pacientes do sexo masculino e 10&#160;pacientes do feminino&#46; A idade variou de&#160;13&#160;a&#160;78&#160;anos&#44; com m&#233;dia de 45&#44;72 &#177; 18&#44;41&#160;e mediana de 43&#44;50&#160;anos&#46; O tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o de pele variou de um m&#234;s a 108 meses&#44; com m&#233;dia de 28&#44;31 &#177; 35&#44;49&#160;e mediana de 10&#46; A forma cl&#237;nica mais encontrada foi &#250;lcera de pele &#40;13 pacientes&#41;&#44; seguida por &#250;lceras em mucosas &#40;quatro pacientes com les&#245;es nasais e dois com orais&#41;&#44; les&#245;es cut&#226;neas papulosas &#40;dois pacientes&#41; e les&#227;o nodular cut&#226;nea em um paciente &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">figs&#46; 1 e 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas epidemiol&#243;gicas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; histopatol&#243;gicas e pesquisa direta do parasita no tecido lesado dos 22&#160;pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo est&#227;o especificadas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para diagn&#243;stico&#44; foram feitos esfrega&#231;os em les&#245;es de 17&#160;pacientes &#40;oito positivas&#41; e bi&#243;psias de pele em todos os 22&#160;pacientes &#40;14&#160;positivas&#41;&#44; com an&#225;lise de todas as amostras pela colora&#231;&#227;o de rotina &#40;hematoxilina&#8208;eosina&#41; e feitura de estudo imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mico para detec&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em oito pacientes&#46; Em 10&#160;pacientes foi feita mais de uma bi&#243;psia com o intuito de diagnosticar a doen&#231;a&#46; Ao todo&#44; foram 38&#160;blocos analisados por histologia&#44; PCR&#8208;SSU&#44; PCR&#8208;kDNA&#44; SSU&#8208;Seq&#44; PCR hsp70&#8208;RFLP&#44; PCR hsp70&#8208;HRM &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Onze pacientes apresentaram formas amastigotas positivas em exame de esfrega&#231;o e&#47;ou exame histol&#243;gico&#44; dos quais apenas dois pacientes foram positivos nos dois testes&#46; Em 11&#160;pacientes n&#227;o foram encontradas formas amastigotas&#44; por um ou outro teste &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 22 pacientes com suspeita de LTA atendidos no per&#237;odo&#44; 14 tiveram a esp&#233;cie do parasita identificada por SSU&#8208;Seq&#44; PCR hsp70&#8208;RFLP ou PCR hsp70&#8208;HRM&#58; cinco casos &#40;35&#44;6&#37;&#41; de infec&#231;&#245;es por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#44; quatro &#40;28&#44;5&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#43; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; guyanensis</span> e um &#40;7&#44;1&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#46; Interessante notar que o sequenciamento do fragmento SSU n&#227;o permite a identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies do subg&#234;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; &#40;Viannia&#41;</span>&#44; mas houve coincid&#234;ncia da esp&#233;cie identificada&#44; ou dentro desse subg&#234;nero&#44; ou nos casos em que houve uma dupla identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#43; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Das amostras de 11 pacientes em que foram detectadas formas amastigotas por meio da pesquisa direta em esfrega&#231;o de les&#227;o e&#47;ou exame histopatol&#243;gico de fragmento de pele&#44; foi poss&#237;vel identificar a esp&#233;cie do parasita em 10 delas e somente uma foi negativa pelos m&#233;todos moleculares empregados&#46; Em&#160;contrapartida&#44; das 11 amostras negativas pelos exames de esfrega&#231;o e&#47;ou exames histopatol&#243;gicos&#44; houve identifica&#231;&#227;o do protozo&#225;rio em quatro &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; Interessante observar que um dentre esses quatro pacientes&#44; o paciente&#160;5&#44; apresentava les&#245;es cut&#226;neas nodulares havia 108 meses&#44; de dif&#237;cil diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico e patol&#243;gico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> e <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O PCR&#8208;SSU foi positivo para 14 dos pacientes&#59; a esp&#233;cie foi identificada em todos&#44; ou por SSU&#8208;Seq ou PCR hsp70&#8208;RFLP ou PCR hsp70&#8208;HRM&#46; Ainda&#44; no DNA desses 14 pacientes foi aplicado o teste PCR&#8208;kDNA&#44; que resultou em 12 amostras positivas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ainda hoje h&#225; dificuldade de fazer o diagn&#243;stico preciso em pacientes com suspeita de leishmaniose cut&#226;nea e&#47;ou mucosa nos casos em que n&#227;o s&#227;o encontrados parasitas nas les&#245;es&#46; S&#227;o solicitados v&#225;rios exames complementares para tentar chegar ao diagn&#243;stico e excluir outras doen&#231;as como micobacterioses&#44; sarcoidose&#44; linfomas&#44; micoses profundas&#44; entre outras&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;8</span></a> Dessa maneira&#44; &#233; importante que se possa dispor de um exame r&#225;pido para diagn&#243;stico&#44; com especificidade e alta sensibilidade&#44; o que evitaria exames e consultas excessivos&#44; al&#233;m de provas terap&#234;uticas com efeitos colaterais indesej&#225;veis&#46; A introdu&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica de PCR para demonstra&#231;&#227;o do parasita tem evolu&#237;do muito nos &#250;ltimos anos&#59; a t&#233;cnica acoplada com HRM&#44; que tem como alvo o gene hsp70 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; possibilita a identifica&#231;&#227;o laboratorial de todas as esp&#233;cies com especificidade e alta sensibilidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;37&#44;38</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m disso&#44; os resultados apresentados ressaltam o fato de que&#44; mesmo em se tratando de um hospital p&#250;blico terci&#225;rio de refer&#234;ncia na maior cidade do pa&#237;s&#44; o acesso a exames diagn&#243;sticos simples n&#227;o &#233; sempre dispon&#237;vel&#46; Dos&#160;22&#160;casos estudados&#44; houve a possibilidade de se fazer o estudo imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mico para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em apenas oito &#40;36&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; A pesquisa direta do parasita no esfrega&#231;o da les&#227;o corada com Giemsa foi o exame mais acess&#237;vel&#44; feito em 17 pacientes &#40;77&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demonstra&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a do parasita pela detec&#231;&#227;o de seu DNA se d&#225; por testes considerados potencialmente sens&#237;veis&#44; uma vez que a positividade &#233; resultado da amplifica&#231;&#227;o exponencial do alvo por PCR&#46; De fato&#44; os testes de PCR aplicados&#160;em 14 dos 22 pacientes foram positivos com SSU &#40;63&#44;64&#37;&#41; e 12 foram positivos com kDNA &#40;54&#44;55&#37;&#41; &#8211; esses tamb&#233;m foram positivos para o PCR&#8208;SSU&#46; No entanto&#44; esses alvos n&#227;o permitem a discrimina&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie do parasita&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Houve concord&#226;ncia na identifica&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie nos testes SSU&#8208;Seq&#44; hsp70&#8208;RFLP e hsp70&#8208;HRM&#44; mas ressaltamos que os dois primeiros s&#227;o testes trabalhosos&#44; que requerem a manipula&#231;&#227;o do produto de PCR&#44; al&#233;m de um t&#233;cnico treinado para executar e analisar os resultados&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em um paciente em que foi detectada a presen&#231;a de amastigotas por histopatologia&#44; os testes PCR&#8208;SSU e hsp70&#8208;HRM foram negativos&#46; Uma poss&#237;vel falha na detec&#231;&#227;o de DNA do parasita pode ter explica&#231;&#245;es biol&#243;gicas ou f&#237;sico&#8208;qu&#237;micas&#46; A primeira baseia&#8208;se no fato de que les&#245;es cut&#226;neas e mucocut&#226;neas causadas principalmente por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span> t&#234;m como caracter&#237;stica comum a escassez ou aus&#234;ncia de parasitas&#44; dificultam o diagn&#243;stico laboratorial&#46; A segunda &#233; baseada no fato de que amostras biol&#243;gicas que passam por tratamentos de fixa&#231;&#227;o para an&#225;lises histol&#243;gicas est&#227;o sujeitas &#224; degrada&#231;&#227;o de DNA ou &#224; inibi&#231;&#227;o da enzima polimerase&#44; principalmente em fun&#231;&#227;o de sua exposi&#231;&#227;o &#224; formalina ou a reagentes usados na prepara&#231;&#227;o das amostras&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;6&#44;38</span></a> No caso do paciente com evid&#234;ncia de formas amastigotas pelo exame de imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica&#44; a amostra foi submetida a um teste de amplifica&#231;&#227;o do DNA do hospedeiro por PCR convencional e teve o alvo amplificado&#46; Esse teste &#233; feito como rotina para verificar a qualidade do DNA e a interfer&#234;ncia da poss&#237;vel presen&#231;a de inibidores de polimerase nas amostras&#46; Esse resultado sugere&#44; ent&#227;o&#44; que a aus&#234;ncia ou extrema escassez de parasitas nessa amostra pode ser uma explica&#231;&#227;o convincente para a negatividade do teste de detec&#231;&#227;o e identifica&#231;&#227;o do parasita&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> em les&#245;es de cinco pacientes oriundos da Bahia &#40;dois&#41;&#44; do Sergipe &#40;um&#41;&#44; do Paran&#225; &#40;um&#41; e de Minas Gerais &#40;um&#41; inicialmente nos surpreendeu&#44; visto que nesses estados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span> &#233; a esp&#233;cie mais comumente relacionada aos casos de leishmaniose cutaneomucosa&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#233; classicamente considerada restrita a &#225;reas da Amaz&#244;nia&#44; com transmiss&#227;o por vetores silvestres e tem como reservat&#243;rios principalmente roedores&#46; No entanto&#44; recentemente t&#234;m sido descritas mudan&#231;as no perfil epidemiol&#243;gico dessa esp&#233;cie&#46; Na Bahia&#44; onde &#233; mais comum a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span>&#44; j&#225; em 1988 foi demonstrada&#44; por meio de pain&#233;is de anticorpos monoclonais&#44; a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> que causou les&#245;es cut&#226;neas&#44; e mais raramente&#44; les&#245;es mucosas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Em outras regi&#245;es como Mato Grosso do Sul&#44; Santa Catarina&#44; Paran&#225; e Rio de Janeiro foram identificados casos humanos isolados de leishmaniose tegumentar por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Essa esp&#233;cie tamb&#233;m foi identificada em c&#227;es no estado de S&#227;o Paulo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42</span></a> e mais recentemente em &#225;reas end&#234;micas do Sudeste do Brasil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;44</span></a> Assim&#44; consideramos que existe uma possibilidade de que uma propor&#231;&#227;o desconhecida de casos de leishmaniose cut&#226;nea esteja sendo causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> fora da Amaz&#244;nia&#46; Mais estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios j&#225; que s&#227;o descritos ind&#237;cios de que o perfil de transmiss&#227;o da leishmaniose tegumentar pode estar mudando&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tamb&#233;m foi inesperado o achado de les&#227;o mucosa causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#46; Raros casos humanos foram descritos na literatura&#59; entretanto&#44; j&#225; foi reproduzida experimentalmente em ratos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> A identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; guyanensis</span> em dois pacientes oriundos do Nordeste do Brasil tamb&#233;m &#233; outro dado inesperado&#44; visto que essa esp&#233;cie tem ciclo de transmiss&#227;o aparentemente limitado &#224; Regi&#227;o Norte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;47</span></a> Por&#233;m&#44; vale ressaltar que a origem geogr&#225;fica referida nos prontu&#225;rios n&#227;o aponta onde os pacientes foram infectados&#44; desde que h&#225; uma movimenta&#231;&#227;o nas diversas regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s&#44; e informa&#231;&#245;es mais precisas nesse sentido muitas vezes s&#227;o escassas em estudos retrospectivos&#46; Por outro lado&#44; a ocorr&#234;ncia dessas esp&#233;cies fora das &#225;reas end&#234;micas alerta para a possibilidade de uma nova epidemiologia da doen&#231;a&#46; N&#227;o sabemos se est&#225; ocorrendo uma amplia&#231;&#227;o de sua distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica ou se essas esp&#233;cies j&#225; estavam sendo distribu&#237;das no territ&#243;rio nacional havia tempos e modifica&#231;&#245;es ambientais estariam aumentando a exposi&#231;&#227;o de animais como c&#227;es e homens a parasitas em &#225;reas onde eles n&#227;o haviam sido descritos&#46; Novos m&#233;todos de identifica&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie dos parasitas permitem que sua distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica seja revista&#44; contribuem para o entendimento da epidemiologia da doen&#231;a&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A identifica&#231;&#227;o de um caso com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span> &#233; considerada uma raridade na LTA no Brasil&#44; visto que essa esp&#233;cie &#233; geralmente relacionada ao acometimento visceral da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Casos isolados foram descritos em associa&#231;&#227;o com infec&#231;&#227;o por HIV&#44; em pacientes jovens&#44; e at&#233; mesmo um em &#225;rea urbana do Rio de Janeiro&#44; sem qualquer comorbidade associada&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> como o caso aqui apresentado&#46; Infec&#231;&#245;es mistas causadas por mais de uma esp&#233;cie de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#44; ou at&#233; mesmo com tripanossomat&#237;deos de outros g&#234;neros parasitando um mesmo hospedeiro&#44; apesar de raras&#44; t&#234;m sido descritas na literatura h&#225; alguns anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> Martinez et al&#46;&#44; em 2002&#44; descreveu o primeiro caso de detec&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span> em uma mesma les&#227;o em paciente boliviano&#44; situa&#231;&#227;o semelhante &#224; identificada em caso aqui apresentado&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> Essas duas esp&#233;cies foram encontradas em outro paciente&#44; mas em amostras distintas&#44; o que n&#227;o nos permite inferir se foram duas infec&#231;&#245;es temporalmente distintas ou uma dupla infec&#231;&#227;o inicial&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo apresenta limita&#231;&#245;es pelo fato de ser retrospectivo e pelo pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes&#44; mas pode apontar&#44; pela amplia&#231;&#227;o das observa&#231;&#245;es para mais casos&#44; para novos paradigmas na identifica&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> relacionadas &#224;s diversas &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas e &#224;s formas de doen&#231;a&#46; As amostras de DNA de pacientes com diagn&#243;stico final negativo para leishmaniose tamb&#233;m devem ser consideradas informativas&#46; Houve concord&#226;ncia entre os resultados negativos e a aus&#234;ncia de formas amastigostas em 19 blocos analisados de oito pacientes&#46; Em termos pr&#225;ticos&#44; um resultado negativo confi&#225;vel pode evitar a coleta de mais amostras&#44; por falha de diagn&#243;stico al&#233;m de poupar um desnecess&#225;rio tratamento quimioter&#225;pico&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Idealmente&#44; a feitura de exame de PCR para detec&#231;&#227;o e identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> deve ser acess&#237;vel &#224; maioria dos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de de atendimento aos doentes no Brasil&#46; Anteriormente &#224; elabora&#231;&#227;o deste estudo e ao acesso &#224; identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies por hsp70&#8208;HRM nos blocos de parafina&#44; os pacientes atendidos em nosso servi&#231;o foram tratados com base nos dados cl&#237;nicos &#40;presen&#231;a de les&#227;o mucocut&#226;nea&#41;&#44; dados epidemiol&#243;gicos e exames complementares&#44; quando dispon&#237;veis&#46; Nota&#8208;se nos casos aqui descritos que o acesso a exames complementares n&#227;o &#233; rotina e naqueles com aus&#234;ncia de formas amastigotas h&#225; dificuldade para confirma&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica&#59; dessa forma&#44; muitas vezes &#233; indicada a feitura de prova terap&#234;utica com poss&#237;veis efeitos colaterais&#44; o que muitas vezes gera desconforto e sofrimento ao paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> &#233; importante para a escolha de tratamento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;47</span></a> Sabe&#8208;se que a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span> pode levar a comprometimento de mucosas&#44; mesmo em pacientes que tiveram uma &#250;nica &#250;lcera&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6</span></a> e h&#225; possibilidade de casos de acometimento visceral em pacientes com les&#245;es cut&#226;neas causadas por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;50</span></a> Assim&#44; nesses casos&#44; deve&#8208;se indicar tratamento sist&#234;mico em vez de locais&#44; como as infiltra&#231;&#245;es intralesionais com antimoniato de meglumina&#44; preconizadas para tratamento de les&#245;es ulceradas &#250;nicas na pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico da leishmaniose est&#225; entre os maiores desafios no que se refere ao combate &#224; doen&#231;a&#46; A identifica&#231;&#227;o correta da esp&#233;cie de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em amostras parafinadas de pele e mucosa &#233; fonte de dados importantes para estudos ecol&#243;gicos&#44; epidemiol&#243;gicos e sobre a biologia do parasita e sua intera&#231;&#227;o com o hospedeiro e pode ser indicativa do delineamento do protocolo terap&#234;utico&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos tr&#234;s testes empregados na identifica&#231;&#227;o da esp&#233;cie&#44; dois s&#227;o muito trabalhosos e requerem t&#233;cnico treinado para a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados&#46; O fato de o resultado hsp70&#8208;HRM ser fornecido por uma m&#225;quina&#44; al&#233;m de tornar poss&#237;vel sua automa&#231;&#227;o&#44; elimina potenciais contamina&#231;&#245;es decorrentes de manipula&#231;&#245;es necess&#225;rias para a an&#225;lise de resultados obtidos por PCR convencional&#44; pois essa t&#233;cnica &#233; baseada em an&#225;lises do produto de PCR em tubos lacrados&#44; sem a necessidade de manipula&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A elabora&#231;&#227;o deste trabalho tornou poss&#237;vel a identifica&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies do parasita em amostras cl&#237;nicas em 10&#47;11 pacientes com formas amastigotas positivas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; demonstrou a presen&#231;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em 4&#47;11 pacientes nos quais n&#227;o haviam sido encontradas formas amastigotas nas amostradas estudadas e definitivamente afastou o diagn&#243;stico de leishmaniose em 7&#47;11 pacientes com aus&#234;ncia de parasitas nos exames diretos&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; braziliensis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; guyanensis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#44; foi detectada associa&#231;&#227;o das &#250;ltimas duas esp&#233;cies&#46; Na pr&#225;tica&#44; resultados como esse indicam que a ocorr&#234;ncia de casos tidos como raros podem ser mais comuns do que previamente descritos&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consideramos que estudos prospectivos com popula&#231;&#245;es maiores devem ser feitos e tamb&#233;m sugerimos aplicar a t&#233;cnica hsp70&#8208;HRM em material obtido de esfrega&#231;os&#44; o que possibilita estudos em regi&#245;es remotas do pa&#237;s&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">John Verrinder Veasey&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ricardo Andrade Zampieri&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rute Facchini Lellis&#58; Obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tha&#237;s Helena Proen&#231;a de Freitas&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lucile Maria Floeter Winter&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Palavras&#8208;chave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1260270"
          "palabras" => array:9 [
            0 => "Diagn&#243;stico"
            1 => "Histologia"
            2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania braziliensis</span>"
            3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania guyanensis</span>"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania infantum</span>"
            5 => "Leishmaniose"
            6 => "Leishmaniose cut&#226;nea"
            7 => "Leishmaniose mucocut&#226;nea"
            8 => "Rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase"
          ]
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      ]
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      "pt" => array:3 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A leishmaniose tegumentar americana &#233; uma dermatose infecciosa causada por protozo&#225;rios do g&#234;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> e compreende amplo espectro de manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas dependente das esp&#233;cies do parasita envolvidas nas infec&#231;&#245;es e da resposta imunogen&#233;tica do hospedeiro&#46; O uso de t&#233;cnicas de amplifica&#231;&#227;o de DNA do parasita baseadas em rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase &#40;PCR&#41; e a recente aplica&#231;&#227;o de t&#233;cnicas acopladas&#44; como a de dissocia&#231;&#227;o de DNA em alta resolu&#231;&#227;o&#44; t&#234;m sido descritos como op&#231;&#227;o vi&#225;vel para a detec&#231;&#227;o e a identifica&#231;&#227;o de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> spp&#46; em amostras biol&#243;gicas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar as esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> pela t&#233;cnica de PCR&#8208;alta resolu&#231;&#227;o em bi&#243;psias de pele de pacientes atendidos em hospital e comparar com resultados obtidos por outras t&#233;cnicas de identifica&#231;&#227;o molecular&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospectivo que avaliou pacientes com suspeita de leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos em hospital da cidade de S&#227;o Paulo&#46; Bi&#243;psias parafinadas de 22 pacientes foram analisadas por PCR&#8208;alta resolu&#231;&#227;o para confirma&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico e identifica&#231;&#227;o das esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dos 22 pacientes com suspeita de leishmaniose tegumentar americana&#44; 14 tiveram o parasita identificado&#58; cinco casos &#40;35&#44;6&#37;&#41; de infec&#231;&#227;o por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania amazonensis</span>&#44; quatro &#40;28&#44;5&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania braziliensis</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> &#43; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania infantum chagasi</span>&#44; dois &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania guyanensis</span> e um&#160;caso &#40;7&#44;1&#37;&#41; por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#46; Em uma das amostras em que a presen&#231;a de formas amastigotas foi confirmada em exame histopatol&#243;gico&#44; a t&#233;cnica de PCR&#8208;alta resolu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o detectou o DNA do parasita&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospectivo com pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O m&#233;todo detectou e identificou esp&#233;cies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> em blocos parafinados com sensibilidade de 96&#44;4&#37;&#44; indicou a possibilidade de uso dessa metodologia na rotina diagn&#243;stica&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:6 [
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          3 => array:2 [
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          4 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo"
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          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
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    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Como citar este artigo&#58; Veasey JV&#44; Zampieri RA&#44; Lellis RF&#44; Freitas THP&#44; Winter LMF&#46; Identification of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> species by high&#8208;resolution DNA dissociation in cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2020&#59;95&#58;459&#8211;68&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Trabalho realizado na Cl&#237;nica de Dermatologia&#44; Hospital da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo&#44; S&#227;o Paulo&#44; SP&#44; Brasil&#46;</p>"
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    ]
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      0 => array:7 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exemplos cl&#237;nicos dos pacientes com les&#245;es cl&#237;nicas cuja pesquisa PCR&#8208;HRM determinou a esp&#233;cie de&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> sp&#46;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 11&#160;&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span>&#44;&#160;paciente 13&#160;&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis &#43; L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;C&#41;</span>&#44; Paciente 14&#160;&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis &#43; L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;D&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 7 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; brasiliensis</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;E&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 3 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;F&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 5 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exemplos dos pacientes com les&#245;es cl&#237;nicas cujas pesquisas PCR&#8208;HRM n&#227;o detectaram&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> sp&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41;</span>&#44; paciente&#160;17&#44; com &#250;lcera em membro superior&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41;</span>&#44;&#160;paciente&#160;21&#44; com &#250;lcera em membro inferior cuja bi&#243;psia evidenciou presen&#231;a de amastigotas no tecido&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;C&#41;</span>&#44; paciente 21 com &#250;lcera em membro inferior&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NR</span>&#44; n&#227;o realizado&#59; e testes moleculares aplicados em duas amostras distintas&#44; das quais uma indicou a presenc&#807;a de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span> e outra&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; infantum chagasi</span>&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas das amostras</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evid&#234;ncia do agente</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Testes complementares</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Paciente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Proced&#234;ncia &#40;Estado&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Forma cl&#237;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Tecido&#47;local&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Tempo de les&#227;o &#40;meses&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Exame direto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Histopatol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">PCR SSU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">PCR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">SSU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">HSP70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">HSP70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IHQ&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">kDNA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seq&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RFLP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HRM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lcera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;membro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#43;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;nariz&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lcera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Mucosa oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#38;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lcera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Pele&#47;orelha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis&#47; L&#46; i &#46;chagasi</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis&#47; L&#46; i&#46; chagasi</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; amazonensis&#47; L&#46; i&#46; chagasi</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultado da evid&#234;ncia do parasita pela pesquisa direta em esfrega&#231;o de les&#227;o e&#47;ou exame histopatol&#243;gico e identifica&#231;&#227;o da&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> sp<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> pelo m&#233;todo de PCR&#8208;HRM correlacionando com a forma cl&#237;nica</p>"
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ISSN: 26662752
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