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desde a primeira inf&#226;ncia at&#233; o fim da idade adulta&#59; observa&#8208;se um pico de incid&#234;ncia na segunda e terceira d&#233;cadas de vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora muitas teorias sobre a etiologia do vitiligo tenham sido propostas&#44; a causa exata ainda &#233; desconhecida&#46; Predisposi&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica&#44; autoimunidade&#44; subst&#226;ncias bioqu&#237;micas&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o viral&#44; autodestrui&#231;&#227;o de melan&#243;citos&#44; estresse oxidativo&#44; destrui&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas neurais e melanocitorragia s&#227;o as hip&#243;teses mais comuns apresentadas na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> O curso cl&#237;nico do vitiligo &#233; variado&#58; as les&#245;es podem permanecer est&#225;veis ou progredir lentamente por anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> O &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vitiligo area severity index</span> &#91;VASI&#93;&#41; e o &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vitiligo disease activity score</span> &#91;VIDA&#93;&#41; podem ser usados para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da gravidade e atividade da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Apesar de n&#227;o haver cura para o vitiligo&#44; existem algumas modalidades de tratamento que podem interromper a progress&#227;o das les&#245;es e induzir graus variados de repigmenta&#231;&#227;o&#46; Deve ser implantada uma abordagem individualizada com base na idade do paciente&#44; tipo de pele&#44; extens&#227;o&#44; localiza&#231;&#227;o e grau de atividade da doen&#231;a&#44; bem como do impacto do vitiligo na qualidade de vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41; &#233; problema de sa&#250;de alarmante que afeta aproximadamente um quarto da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta mundial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> A presen&#231;a de SM aumenta de maneira proeminente o risco de diabetes tipo 2 e doen&#231;as cardiovasculares que levam a complica&#231;&#245;es graves&#44; como infarto do mioc&#225;rdio&#44; acidente vascular cerebral e morte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; &#233; not&#225;vel o aumento dram&#225;tico de doen&#231;as autoimunes nos pa&#237;ses ocidentais ap&#243;s o surto de obesidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a SM &#233; considerada um estado inflamat&#243;rio cr&#244;nico de baixa intensidade&#44; que pode resultar em n&#237;veis aumentados de mediadores pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rios&#44; como fator de necrose tumoral alfa &#40;TNF&#63;&#63;&#41;&#44; interleucina&#8208;1 &#40;IL&#8208;1&#41;&#44; interleucina&#8208;6 &#40;IL&#8208;6&#41;&#44; inibidor do ativador plasminog&#234;nico&#8208;1 &#40;PAI&#8208;1&#41; e prote&#237;na C reativa &#40;PCR&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Assim&#44; a rela&#231;&#227;o entre SM e doen&#231;as autoimunes tem sido investigada em muitos estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> A literatura tamb&#233;m apresenta publica&#231;&#245;es que investigaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre SM e doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas como vitiligo e psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;17</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; o papel do metabolismo da vitamina B12 no vitiligo foi avaliado em alguns estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e SM&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Inscri&#231;&#227;o de pacientes e controles</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal prospectivo&#44; conduzido no Departamento de Dermatologia e Venereologia da Universidade de Hacettepe entre outubro de 2014 e mar&#231;o de 2016&#46; Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo 310 participantes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155 no grupo de estudo e n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155 no grupo controle&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o para o grupo de estudo foram&#58; 1&#41; Pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de vitiligo 2&#41; &#8805; 18 anos&#46; O grupo controle foi constitu&#237;do por 155 indiv&#237;duos pareados por sexo e idade internados na cl&#237;nica de dermatologia por outras queixas que n&#227;o doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias da pele&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram&#58; 1&#41; presen&#231;a de gravidez ou lacta&#231;&#227;o&#59; 2&#41; pacientes que usaram medicamentos que podem afetar a situa&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica &#40;como esteroides sist&#234;micos ou ciclosporina&#41;&#46; O estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica da Universidade Hacettepe &#40;GO 14&#47;338&#8208;03&#41; e todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Investiga&#231;&#227;o para SM</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os grupos de estudo e controle foram avaliados quanto aos crit&#233;rios de SM&#46; Idade m&#233;dia&#44; sexo&#44; frequ&#234;ncia de fatores de risco para SM &#40;presen&#231;a de diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#44; hiperlipidemia&#44; obesidade&#44; taxa de tabagismo e consumo de &#225;lcool&#41;&#44; resultados de exames laboratoriais &#40;n&#237;veis de glicemia plasm&#225;tica em jejum &#91;FPG&#93;&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade &#91;HDL&#93;&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade &#91;LDL&#93;&#44; colesterol total&#44; triglicer&#237;deos &#91;TG&#93;&#44; PCR e vitamina B12&#41;&#44; taxas de defici&#234;ncia&#47;reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 &#40;porcentagem de pacientes com n&#237;veis de vitamina B12 inferiores aos intervalos de refer&#234;ncia e&#47;ou em reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 durante o per&#237;odo do estudo&#41;&#44; press&#227;o arterial&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura e o &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; foram comparados entre os grupos&#46; Os pacientes com vitiligo tamb&#233;m foram avaliados quanto &#224; frequ&#234;ncia dos subtipos de vitiligo e dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da doen&#231;a&#46; Al&#233;m dos fatores de risco mencionados&#44; os resultados dos exames laboratoriais e crit&#233;rios de SM foram comparados entre os subtipos de vitiligo &#40;vitiligo segmentar e n&#227;o segmentar&#41;&#46; Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas dos participantes ap&#243;s 12 horas de jejum&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes com valores de IMC &#8805; 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> foram classificados como obesos&#46; A SM foi definida como a presen&#231;a de tr&#234;s das cinco caracter&#237;sticas a seguir&#58; 1&#41; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#8805; 102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm em homens e &#8805; 88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm em mulheres&#59; 2&#41; TG s&#233;rico &#8805; 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL ou tratamento medicamentoso para TG elevado&#59; 3&#41; HDL s&#233;rico<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL em homens e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL em mulheres ou tratamento medicamentoso para HDL reduzido&#59; 4&#41; Press&#227;o arterial &#8805; 130&#47;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou tratamento medicamentoso para press&#227;o arterial elevada&#59; 5&#41; FPG &#8805; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL ou tratamento medicamentoso para glicemia elevada&#44; de acordo com o Painel de Tratamento do Adulto III do Programa Nacional de Educa&#231;&#227;o sobre Colesterol de 2004 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III</span> &#91;NCEP&#8208;ATP III&#93;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> No entanto&#44; a Federa&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Diabetes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Diabetes Federation</span> &#91;IDF&#93;&#41; usa a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura como um elemento essencial na defini&#231;&#227;o&#44; com diferentes limites estabelecidos para diferentes grupos &#233;tnicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> No presente estudo&#44; ambos os crit&#233;rios foram usados para que fosse poss&#237;vel comparar objetivamente os resultados aqui observados com o descrito em v&#225;rios estudos da literatura&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de vitiligo foi feito por dermatologistas com base nos achados cl&#237;nicos&#46; Os &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA foram usados para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da gravidade e atividade da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; os pacientes com vitiligo foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos&#44; de acordo com os valores do &#237;ndice VASI&#46; Primeiramente&#44; os &#237;ndices VASI foram calculados para todos os 155 pacientes do grupo de estudo&#46; Em seguida&#44; esses &#237;ndices foram ordenados de forma crescente e&#44; subsequentemente&#44; foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos&#44; de acordo com o n&#250;mero de pacientes em cada subgrupo &#40;subgrupo 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&#44; subgrupo 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52 e subgrupo 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#41;&#46; O primeiro subgrupo incluiu pacientes com &#237;ndice VASI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;94&#44; o segundo subgrupo&#44; pacientes com &#237;ndice VASI entre 1&#44;94 e 6&#44;89 e o terceiro subgrupo&#44; pacientes com &#237;ndice VASI &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;89&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o grupo de estudo foi dividido em tr&#234;s subgrupos de acordo com os valores do &#237;ndice VIDA &#40;Grupo A&#58; &#8208;1&#8211;0&#44; Grupo B&#58; 1&#8211;2 e Grupo C&#58; 3&#8211;4&#41;&#46; As taxas de SM de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATP III e IDF foram comparadas entre os grupos VIDA e VASI&#46; Os &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA tamb&#233;m foram comparados por subtipo de vitiligo&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os valores m&#233;dios de PCR foram comparados entre os grupos do &#237;ndice VIDA&#46; Por fim&#44; tamb&#233;m foram comparadas as taxas de SM entre os grupos de estudo e controle&#44; ap&#243;s exclus&#227;o dos pacientes com obesidade&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 e consumo de &#225;lcool&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram feitas com o programa SPSS &#40;IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows&#44; vers&#227;o 22&#46;0&#46; Armonk&#44; NY&#58; IBM Corp&#46;&#41;&#46; O teste de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov foi usado para avaliar a distribui&#231;&#227;o normal dos dados&#46; Os dados normalmente distribu&#237;dos foram apresentados como m&#233;dia e desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o&#44; enquanto os dados n&#227;o param&#233;tricos foram apresentados como mediana &#40;intervalo&#41;&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> para amostras independentes e o teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney foram usados para comparar as vari&#225;veis param&#233;tricas e n&#227;o param&#233;tricas entre os grupos&#44; respectivamente&#46; As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui&#8208;quadrado&#46; Um valor&#8208;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Resultados</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas dos grupos de estudo e controle foram mostradas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46; N&#227;o foi observada diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto a g&#234;nero&#44; idade m&#233;dia&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto e tabagismo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;811&#44; 0&#44;909&#44; 0&#44;723&#44; 0&#44;197 e 0&#44;814&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; J&#225; as taxas de hipertens&#227;o&#44; hiperlipidemia&#44; obesidade e consumo de &#225;lcool foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;045&#44; 0&#44;002&#44; 0&#44;025 e 0&#44;013&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Pacientes com vitiligo apresentaram maiores taxas de hipertens&#227;o &#40;34&#44;2&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 23&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; hiperlipidemia &#40;57&#44;4&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 39&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; obesidade &#40;23&#44;9&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 10&#44;3&#37;&#41; e consumo de &#225;lcool &#40;32&#44;3&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 19&#44;4&#37;&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo de controle&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Componentes da SM</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a> apresenta a compara&#231;&#227;o dos resultados dos exames laboratoriais&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; IMC&#44; press&#227;o arterial e taxas de SM entre os grupos estudo e controle&#46; N&#227;o foi observada diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto aos valores m&#233;dios de HDL&#44; TG&#44; vitamina B12&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura e IMC &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;970&#44; 0&#44;630&#44; 0&#44;953&#44; 0&#44;08 e 0&#44;054&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; No entanto&#44; foram observadas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto aos valores m&#233;dios de FPG&#44; LDL&#44; PCR&#44; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; e press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;PAD&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;013&#44; 0&#44;031&#44; 0&#44;05&#44; 0&#44;02 e 0&#44;05&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; O grupo de estudo apresentou maior FPG &#40;93 &#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#44;82 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 87&#44;78 &#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;40&#41;&#44; colesterol LDL &#40;134&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#44;11 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 113&#44;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#44;11&#41;&#44; PCR &#40;0&#44;36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;24 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 0&#44;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;14&#41;&#44; PAS &#40;115<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;50 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 109&#44;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;67&#41; e PAD &#40;74&#44;83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;07 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 71&#44;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;17&#41; quando comparados ao grupo controle&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; as taxas de defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 foram semelhantes entre os grupos &#40;41&#44;1&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 42&#44;1&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;854&#41;&#46; J&#225; as taxas de terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 e SM &#40;de acordo com NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#41; foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos&#46; A taxa de terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 foi de 16&#44;1&#37; no grupo de estudo e 7&#44;7&#37; no grupo de controle &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;036&#41;&#46; A taxa de SM foi de 37&#44;4&#37; no grupo de estudo e 19&#44;4&#37; no grupo de controle&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do NCEP&#8208;ATPIII &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>001&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a taxa de SM foi de 40&#37; no grupo de estudo e 26&#44;5&#37; no grupo de controle de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da IDF &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Gravidade do vitiligo</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; o vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar foi o subtipo mais frequente&#44; observado em 144 pacientes &#40;92&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Vitiligo segmentar foi observado nos 11 pacientes restantes &#40;7&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do vitiligo foi de 121&#44;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>115&#44;04 meses&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o &#237;ndice VASI m&#233;dio foi de 4&#44;054<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;54 &#40;0&#44;093 a 43&#44;3&#41; e a mediana do &#237;ndice VIDA foi de 3 &#40;&#8208;1 a 4&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> apresenta as taxas de SM para os grupos VASI e VIDA de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#46; Ao comparar os grupos de pacientes com vitiligo de acordo com o &#237;ndice VASI em termos de taxas de SM &#40;com ambos os crit&#233;rios&#44; NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#41;&#44; foi observada uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006 para os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;013 para os crit&#233;rios IDF&#41;&#46; Com ambos os crit&#233;rios&#44; a SM foi mais frequente nos grupos 2 e 3 do que no grupo 1 &#40;6&#44;45&#37;&#44; 14&#44;8&#37; e 16&#44;1&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do NCEP&#8208;ATPIII&#44; 7&#44;7&#37;&#44; 16&#44;1&#37; e 16&#44;1&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da IDF para os grupos 1&#44; 2 e 3&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; foi observada uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos de acordo com os &#237;ndices VIDA &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 para ambos os crit&#233;rios&#41;&#46; As taxas de SM foram mais frequentes no grupo C do que nos grupos A e B de acordo com os dois crit&#233;rios usados &#40;0&#44;6&#37;&#44; 1&#44;9&#37; e 34&#44;8&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e 0&#44;6&#37;&#44; 2&#44;6&#37; e 36&#44;8&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da IDF&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os valores m&#233;dios de PCR foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos VIDA &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41;&#46; O valor m&#233;dio da PCR no grupo C foi superior aos valores m&#233;dios nos grupos A e B &#40;0&#44;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;08&#44; 0&#44;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;07 e 0&#44;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;26 para os grupos A&#44; B e C&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a> apresenta as taxas de SM segundo os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF entre os grupos de estudo e controle ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos pacientes com obesidade&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 e consumo de &#225;lcool&#46; De acordo com os dois crit&#233;rios&#44; a SM foi estatisticamente significativamente mais frequente no grupo de estudo do que no grupo controle &#40;39&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; 8&#44;7&#37; para os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e 40&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 15&#44;6&#37; para os crit&#233;rios de IDF&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 para ambos os crit&#233;rios&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Compara&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com vitiligo segmentar e n&#227;o segmentar</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a> apresenta a compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; exames laboratoriais&#44; componentes da SM e os &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA entre os pacientes com vitiligo segmentar e n&#227;o segmentar&#46; A maioria dos par&#226;metros era compar&#225;vel entre os pacientes&#46; No entanto&#44; foram observados valores significativamente mais altos de PCR&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; IMC&#44; taxa de obesidade segundo os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA nos pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar &#40;0&#44;001&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; 0&#44;001&#44; 0&#44;05&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 e &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O vitiligo &#233; um dist&#250;rbio pigmentar adquirido&#44; de origem desconhecida&#44; e &#233; o dist&#250;rbio despigmentante mais comum em todo o mundo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Ele pode ter um importante impacto psicossocial nos pacientes e diminuir sua qualidade de vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> No entanto&#44; como a causa exata da doen&#231;a ainda n&#227;o foi descoberta&#44; nenhum tratamento curativo est&#225; dispon&#237;vel no momento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Assim&#44; os protocolos de manejo da doen&#231;a s&#227;o em sua maioria conservadores e se concentram em preocupa&#231;&#245;es cosm&#233;ticas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Entretanto&#44; estudos recentes destacaram um perigo muito maior para a sa&#250;de&#58; a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;13&#44;17</span></a> Como Pietrzak et al&#46; afirmaram&#44; se for comprovada a exist&#234;ncia de dist&#250;rbios metab&#243;licos no vitiligo&#44; o manejo futuro desses pacientes ser&#225; alterado&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> A SM aumenta em cinco vezes o risco de desenvolver diabetes melito tipo 2 e em duas vezes o risco de desenvolver doen&#231;a cardiovascular nos pr&#243;ximos cinco a dez anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; pacientes com SM apresentam risco duas a quatro vezes maior de AVC&#44; tr&#234;s a quatro vezes maior de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e duas vezes maior de morrer por esses eventos em compara&#231;&#227;o com a popula&#231;&#227;o sem SM&#44; independentemente de uma hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de eventos cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Portanto&#44; &#233; crucial evitar as graves complica&#231;&#245;es da SM com a ado&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida e o controle dos fatores de risco&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o manejo ideal da SM pode melhorar o curso cl&#237;nico do vitiligo&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acredita&#8208;se que altera&#231;&#245;es nas concentra&#231;&#245;es de citocinas&#44; autoimunidade e predisposi&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica sejam os principais fatores na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; o vitiligo n&#227;o afeta apenas a pele&#44; apresenta v&#225;rias manifesta&#231;&#245;es sist&#234;micas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> Alguns estudos apontam que a produ&#231;&#227;o de autoanticorpos no vitiligo tamb&#233;m pode causar o desenvolvimento de comorbidades autoimunes&#44; como alopecia areata&#44; doen&#231;a autoimune da tireoide&#44; doen&#231;a de Addison&#44; anemia perniciosa&#44; diabetes melito tipo I e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">miastenia gravis</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;11</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; n&#237;veis aumentados de citocinas pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias&#44; como TNF&#8208;&#945;&#44; IL&#8208;1 e IL&#8208;6&#44; podem levar &#224; resist&#234;ncia a insulina e aterosclerose&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Em seu estudo&#44; Karadag et al&#46; afirmaram que a resist&#234;ncia a insulina e altera&#231;&#245;es no perfil lip&#237;dico &#40;n&#237;veis reduzidos de colesterol HDL e aumento dos n&#237;veis de colesterol LDL e resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina&#41; podem ocorrer em pacientes com vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; em outro estudo&#44; Karadag et al&#46; observaram n&#237;veis mais altos de homociste&#237;na em pacientes com vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com os controles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> A homociste&#237;na inibe a tirosinase&#44; uma enzima que participa da s&#237;ntese de melanina e &#233; um marcador de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Silverberg et al&#46; descobriram que pacientes com vitiligo apresentam maiores concentra&#231;&#245;es de homociste&#237;na e menores concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de vitamina B12&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Segundo estudos recentes&#44; os melan&#243;citos est&#227;o presentes n&#227;o apenas na pele e nos fol&#237;culos pilosos&#44; mas tamb&#233;m nas c&#233;lulas do epit&#233;lio pigmentado da retina&#44; em algumas c&#233;lulas do ouvido interno&#44; em algumas partes do sistema nervoso central e no tecido adiposo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se que os melan&#243;citos no tecido adiposo participem de rea&#231;&#245;es anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias e na redu&#231;&#227;o ou liga&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies reacionais de oxig&#234;nio&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> Randhawa et al&#46; observaram taxas mais altas de melanog&#234;nese em pacientes obesos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Hoggard et al&#46; e Hoch et al&#46; encontraram n&#237;veis mais altos de horm&#244;nio estimulante de alfa&#8208;melan&#243;citos &#40;&#945;&#8208;MSH&#41;&#44; que se ligam ao receptor de melanocortina 1 &#40;MC1R&#41; em adip&#243;citos humanos e estimulam a melanog&#234;nese&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> Assim&#44; Pietrzak et al&#46; conclu&#237;ram que a redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de melan&#243;citos juntamente com a redu&#231;&#227;o da melanog&#234;nese no tecido adiposo pode ser a causa comum subjacente ao estresse oxidativo&#44; tanto no vitiligo quanto na SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Page et al&#46; sugeriram que agonistas da produ&#231;&#227;o de melanina devem ser testados para prevenir o desenvolvimento de SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Da mesma forma&#44; em seu relatos de caso&#44; Noel et al&#46; indicaram estatinas como medicamentos imunomoduladores para o tratamento do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o do artigo de Pietrzak et al&#46;&#44; a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e SM atraiu a aten&#231;&#227;o de mais pesquisadores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> Atas et al&#46; demonstraram que pacientes com vitiligo est&#227;o em maior risco de desenvolver MS e apontaram que caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas negativas da doen&#231;a&#44; como maior atividade da doen&#231;a&#44; maior &#225;rea&#44; vitiligo segmentar e de maior dura&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o preditores independentes do desenvolvimento de SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Sharma et al&#46; observaram uma presen&#231;a significativa de SM em pacientes com vitiligo&#46; No entanto&#44; eles n&#227;o demonstraram uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre SM e gravidade&#47;atividade do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; foram observadas taxas mais altas de hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; hiperlipidemia&#44; obesidade&#44; consumo de &#225;lcool&#44; reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 e SM &#40;segundo ambos os crit&#233;rios&#41; em pacientes com vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles&#46; Os n&#237;veis m&#233;dios de FPG&#44; LDL&#44; PCR&#44; PAS e PAD foram estatisticamente significativamente maiores no grupo de estudo&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; observou&#8208;se um aumento da frequ&#234;ncia de SM &#224; medida que a gravidade&#47;atividade do vitiligo aumentava&#46; As taxas de SM&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#44; foram estatisticamente maiores no grupo de estudo&#44; mesmo ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos pacientes com obesidade&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 e consumo de &#225;lcool&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o valor m&#233;dio da PCR no grupo C foi superior aos valores m&#233;dios nos grupos A e B&#44; o que provavelmente ocorreu devido ao aumento das taxas de inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica com a atividade da doen&#231;a&#46; Os presentes achados s&#227;o quase consistentes com os achados dos estudos feitos por Atas et al&#46; e Sharma et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> No entanto&#44; ao contr&#225;rio do estudo de Sharma et al&#46;&#44; foi observada uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre a gravidade do vitiligo e a presen&#231;a de SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> A maior taxa de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 em pacientes com vitiligo observada no presente estudo foi consistente com os achados do estudo de Karadag et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> O vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar pode estar mais associado &#224; inflama&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica e &#224; SM&#44; de acordo com os achados desse estudo&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; a literatura indica que o vitiligo segmentar est&#225; principalmente associado a fatores gen&#233;ticos e autoimunes&#44; enquanto a SM foi relatada como mais frequente em pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;5&#44;13</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; os &#237;ndices mais altos de VASI e VIDA nos pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar indicaram uma doen&#231;a mais extensa e ativa&#44; o que poderia ser outra raz&#227;o para a coexist&#234;ncia de inflama&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica nesses pacientes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;5&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os principais aspectos positivos do presente estudo foram seu desenho prospectivo&#44; n&#250;mero relativamente grande de pacientes inclu&#237;dos&#44; alto n&#250;mero de par&#226;metros e homogeneidade dos resultados dos exames laboratoriais&#46; Por outro lado&#44; suas principais limita&#231;&#245;es foram a experi&#234;ncia em um &#250;nico centro&#44; aus&#234;ncia de marcadores de estresse oxidativo mais espec&#237;ficos&#44; pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes no grupo vitiligo segmentar e falta de seguimento de longo prazo dos pacientes&#46; Tanto a SM quanto o vitiligo s&#227;o s&#237;ndromes din&#226;micas com altera&#231;&#227;o da gravidade ao longo dos anos&#59; o presente estudo teve apenas como objetivo demonstrar a associa&#231;&#227;o transversal da gravidade da doen&#231;a com a presen&#231;a de caracter&#237;sticas da SM&#46; Estudos prospectivos adicionais podem ser feitos para confirmar os resultados do presente estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia da SM foi maior em pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar e a taxa foi maior na forma ativa&#47;grave da doen&#231;a&#46; Assim&#44; controlar os fatores de risco&#44; promover mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida e adotar uma abordagem multidisciplinar para a SM podem ser ben&#233;ficos em pacientes com vitiligo&#46; Terapias espec&#237;ficas para o tratamento da inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica e do estresse oxidativo devem ser os alvos dos m&#233;dicos que tratam pacientes com vitiligo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Efsun Tanacan&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nilgun Atakan&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos&#47;Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal prospectivo realizado entre 2014 e 2016&#46; Os grupos estudo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155&#41; e controle &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155&#41; foram avaliados quanto &#224; SM de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do Painel de Tratamento do Adulto III do Programa Nacional de Educa&#231;&#227;o sobre Colesterol &#40;NCEP&#8208;ATP III&#41; e os crit&#233;rios da Federa&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Diabetes &#40;IDF&#41;&#46; O grupo de estudo foi subdividido em tr&#234;s grupos&#44; de acordo com o &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo e os valores do &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo &#40;Grupo 1&#58; 6&#44;89 para &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo&#44; Grupo A&#58; &#8211;1&#8211;0&#44; Grupo B&#58; 1&#8211;2 e Grupo C&#58; 3&#8208;4 para &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; As taxas de SM de acordo com ambos os crit&#233;rios foram comparadas entre os grupos de &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo e de &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As taxas de SM foram de 37&#44;4&#37; e 40&#37; no grupo de estudo e 19&#44;4&#37; e 26&#44;5&#37; no grupo controle&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#44; respectivamente &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>001 e p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#46; A SM foi mais frequentemente observada nos grupos 2 de 3 de &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com grupo 1&#44; bem como no grupo C de &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com os grupos A e B&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Experi&#234;ncia em um &#250;nico centro&#44; aus&#234;ncia de marcadores de estresse oxidativo mais espec&#237;ficos e falta de seguimento de longo prazo dos pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia de SM foi maior em pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar e a taxa foi maior na forma ativa&#47;grave da doen&#231;a&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Tanacan E&#44; Atakan N&#46; Higher incidence of metabolic syndrome components in vitiligo patients&#58; a prospective cross&#8208;sectional study&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2020&#59;95&#58;165&#8211;172&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;46&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;45&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;53&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;54&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;909&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Frequ&#234;ncia de fatores de risco para s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;3&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;723&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tireoidite de Hashimoto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;17&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipertens&#227;o arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;34&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;23&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;39&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;23&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;10&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tabagismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;38&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;36&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;814&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de &#225;lcool&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;32&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;19&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FPG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Taxa de defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica IDF &#40;62&#47;155&#41; &#40;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;54&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idade &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#44; intervalo&#41; &#40;anos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;10 &#40;18&#63;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;20 &#40;18&#63;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;910&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Frequ&#234;ncia de fatores de risco para s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes melito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;3&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tireoidite de Hashimoto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;18&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipertens&#227;o arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;34&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;36&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hiperlipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;58&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;45&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tabagismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;39&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;18&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de &#225;lcool&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;31&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;45&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FPG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#44;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">134&#44;97<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">124&#44;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127&#44;88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PCR &#40;mg&#47;L&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vitamina B12 &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">244&#44;86<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">248&#44;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taxa de defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;36&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;36&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taxa de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;21&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;cm&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&#44;79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC &#40;kg&#47;m2&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;62<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#44;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">115&#44;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">114&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&#44;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#44;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Taxa de s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;39&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Crit&#233;rios IDF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;41&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;18&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupos VASI&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo 1 &#40;&#60; 1&#44;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;27&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo 2 &#40;1&#44;94 a 6&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;35&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo 3 &#40;&#62; 6&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;36&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupos VIDA&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo A &#40;&#8208;1&#63;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;13&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;54&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo B &#40;1&#63;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;24&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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Investigação
Maior incidência de componentes da síndrome metabólica em pacientes com vitiligo: estudo transversal prospectivo
Efsun Tanacana,
Autor para correspondência
efsunkln@yahoo.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Nilgun Atakanb
a Departamento de Dermatologia e Venereologia, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ancara, Turquia
b Departamento de Dermatologia e Venereologia, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ancara, Turquia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O vitiligo &#233; dist&#250;rbio adquirido e progressivo da pigmenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; caracterizado pelo desenvolvimento de m&#225;culas brancas bem definidas na pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> &#201; a causa mais frequente de despigmenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; com preval&#234;ncia estimada de 0&#44;1 a 2&#37; em adultos e crian&#231;as&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Homens e mulheres s&#227;o afetados igualmente&#44; sem diferen&#231;as &#233;tnicas&#44; raciais ou socioecon&#244;micas relevantes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> O vitiligo pode ocorrer em qualquer faixa et&#225;ria&#44; desde a primeira inf&#226;ncia at&#233; o fim da idade adulta&#59; observa&#8208;se um pico de incid&#234;ncia na segunda e terceira d&#233;cadas de vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Embora muitas teorias sobre a etiologia do vitiligo tenham sido propostas&#44; a causa exata ainda &#233; desconhecida&#46; Predisposi&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica&#44; autoimunidade&#44; subst&#226;ncias bioqu&#237;micas&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o viral&#44; autodestrui&#231;&#227;o de melan&#243;citos&#44; estresse oxidativo&#44; destrui&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas neurais e melanocitorragia s&#227;o as hip&#243;teses mais comuns apresentadas na literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> O curso cl&#237;nico do vitiligo &#233; variado&#58; as les&#245;es podem permanecer est&#225;veis ou progredir lentamente por anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> O &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vitiligo area severity index</span> &#91;VASI&#93;&#41; e o &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vitiligo disease activity score</span> &#91;VIDA&#93;&#41; podem ser usados para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da gravidade e atividade da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Apesar de n&#227;o haver cura para o vitiligo&#44; existem algumas modalidades de tratamento que podem interromper a progress&#227;o das les&#245;es e induzir graus variados de repigmenta&#231;&#227;o&#46; Deve ser implantada uma abordagem individualizada com base na idade do paciente&#44; tipo de pele&#44; extens&#227;o&#44; localiza&#231;&#227;o e grau de atividade da doen&#231;a&#44; bem como do impacto do vitiligo na qualidade de vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41; &#233; problema de sa&#250;de alarmante que afeta aproximadamente um quarto da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta mundial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> A presen&#231;a de SM aumenta de maneira proeminente o risco de diabetes tipo 2 e doen&#231;as cardiovasculares que levam a complica&#231;&#245;es graves&#44; como infarto do mioc&#225;rdio&#44; acidente vascular cerebral e morte&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Por outro lado&#44; &#233; not&#225;vel o aumento dram&#225;tico de doen&#231;as autoimunes nos pa&#237;ses ocidentais ap&#243;s o surto de obesidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a SM &#233; considerada um estado inflamat&#243;rio cr&#244;nico de baixa intensidade&#44; que pode resultar em n&#237;veis aumentados de mediadores pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rios&#44; como fator de necrose tumoral alfa &#40;TNF&#63;&#63;&#41;&#44; interleucina&#8208;1 &#40;IL&#8208;1&#41;&#44; interleucina&#8208;6 &#40;IL&#8208;6&#41;&#44; inibidor do ativador plasminog&#234;nico&#8208;1 &#40;PAI&#8208;1&#41; e prote&#237;na C reativa &#40;PCR&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Assim&#44; a rela&#231;&#227;o entre SM e doen&#231;as autoimunes tem sido investigada em muitos estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> A literatura tamb&#233;m apresenta publica&#231;&#245;es que investigaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre SM e doen&#231;as dermatol&#243;gicas como vitiligo e psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;17</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; o papel do metabolismo da vitamina B12 no vitiligo foi avaliado em alguns estudos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e SM&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Inscri&#231;&#227;o de pacientes e controles</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal prospectivo&#44; conduzido no Departamento de Dermatologia e Venereologia da Universidade de Hacettepe entre outubro de 2014 e mar&#231;o de 2016&#46; Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo 310 participantes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155 no grupo de estudo e n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155 no grupo controle&#41;&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o para o grupo de estudo foram&#58; 1&#41; Pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de vitiligo 2&#41; &#8805; 18 anos&#46; O grupo controle foi constitu&#237;do por 155 indiv&#237;duos pareados por sexo e idade internados na cl&#237;nica de dermatologia por outras queixas que n&#227;o doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias da pele&#46; Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram&#58; 1&#41; presen&#231;a de gravidez ou lacta&#231;&#227;o&#59; 2&#41; pacientes que usaram medicamentos que podem afetar a situa&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica &#40;como esteroides sist&#234;micos ou ciclosporina&#41;&#46; O estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica da Universidade Hacettepe &#40;GO 14&#47;338&#8208;03&#41; e todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Investiga&#231;&#227;o para SM</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os grupos de estudo e controle foram avaliados quanto aos crit&#233;rios de SM&#46; Idade m&#233;dia&#44; sexo&#44; frequ&#234;ncia de fatores de risco para SM &#40;presen&#231;a de diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#44; hiperlipidemia&#44; obesidade&#44; taxa de tabagismo e consumo de &#225;lcool&#41;&#44; resultados de exames laboratoriais &#40;n&#237;veis de glicemia plasm&#225;tica em jejum &#91;FPG&#93;&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade &#91;HDL&#93;&#44; lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade &#91;LDL&#93;&#44; colesterol total&#44; triglicer&#237;deos &#91;TG&#93;&#44; PCR e vitamina B12&#41;&#44; taxas de defici&#234;ncia&#47;reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 &#40;porcentagem de pacientes com n&#237;veis de vitamina B12 inferiores aos intervalos de refer&#234;ncia e&#47;ou em reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 durante o per&#237;odo do estudo&#41;&#44; press&#227;o arterial&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura e o &#237;ndice de massa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; foram comparados entre os grupos&#46; Os pacientes com vitiligo tamb&#233;m foram avaliados quanto &#224; frequ&#234;ncia dos subtipos de vitiligo e dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da doen&#231;a&#46; Al&#233;m dos fatores de risco mencionados&#44; os resultados dos exames laboratoriais e crit&#233;rios de SM foram comparados entre os subtipos de vitiligo &#40;vitiligo segmentar e n&#227;o segmentar&#41;&#46; Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas dos participantes ap&#243;s 12 horas de jejum&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes com valores de IMC &#8805; 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> foram classificados como obesos&#46; A SM foi definida como a presen&#231;a de tr&#234;s das cinco caracter&#237;sticas a seguir&#58; 1&#41; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#8805; 102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm em homens e &#8805; 88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm em mulheres&#59; 2&#41; TG s&#233;rico &#8805; 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL ou tratamento medicamentoso para TG elevado&#59; 3&#41; HDL s&#233;rico<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL em homens e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL em mulheres ou tratamento medicamentoso para HDL reduzido&#59; 4&#41; Press&#227;o arterial &#8805; 130&#47;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg ou tratamento medicamentoso para press&#227;o arterial elevada&#59; 5&#41; FPG &#8805; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL ou tratamento medicamentoso para glicemia elevada&#44; de acordo com o Painel de Tratamento do Adulto III do Programa Nacional de Educa&#231;&#227;o sobre Colesterol de 2004 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III</span> &#91;NCEP&#8208;ATP III&#93;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> No entanto&#44; a Federa&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Diabetes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Diabetes Federation</span> &#91;IDF&#93;&#41; usa a circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura como um elemento essencial na defini&#231;&#227;o&#44; com diferentes limites estabelecidos para diferentes grupos &#233;tnicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> No presente estudo&#44; ambos os crit&#233;rios foram usados para que fosse poss&#237;vel comparar objetivamente os resultados aqui observados com o descrito em v&#225;rios estudos da literatura&#46; O diagn&#243;stico de vitiligo foi feito por dermatologistas com base nos achados cl&#237;nicos&#46; Os &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA foram usados para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da gravidade e atividade da doen&#231;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; os pacientes com vitiligo foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos&#44; de acordo com os valores do &#237;ndice VASI&#46; Primeiramente&#44; os &#237;ndices VASI foram calculados para todos os 155 pacientes do grupo de estudo&#46; Em seguida&#44; esses &#237;ndices foram ordenados de forma crescente e&#44; subsequentemente&#44; foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos&#44; de acordo com o n&#250;mero de pacientes em cada subgrupo &#40;subgrupo 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&#44; subgrupo 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52 e subgrupo 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#41;&#46; O primeiro subgrupo incluiu pacientes com &#237;ndice VASI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;94&#44; o segundo subgrupo&#44; pacientes com &#237;ndice VASI entre 1&#44;94 e 6&#44;89 e o terceiro subgrupo&#44; pacientes com &#237;ndice VASI &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;89&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o grupo de estudo foi dividido em tr&#234;s subgrupos de acordo com os valores do &#237;ndice VIDA &#40;Grupo A&#58; &#8208;1&#8211;0&#44; Grupo B&#58; 1&#8211;2 e Grupo C&#58; 3&#8211;4&#41;&#46; As taxas de SM de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATP III e IDF foram comparadas entre os grupos VIDA e VASI&#46; Os &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA tamb&#233;m foram comparados por subtipo de vitiligo&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os valores m&#233;dios de PCR foram comparados entre os grupos do &#237;ndice VIDA&#46; Por fim&#44; tamb&#233;m foram comparadas as taxas de SM entre os grupos de estudo e controle&#44; ap&#243;s exclus&#227;o dos pacientes com obesidade&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 e consumo de &#225;lcool&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram feitas com o programa SPSS &#40;IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows&#44; vers&#227;o 22&#46;0&#46; Armonk&#44; NY&#58; IBM Corp&#46;&#41;&#46; O teste de Kolmogorov&#8208;Smirnov foi usado para avaliar a distribui&#231;&#227;o normal dos dados&#46; Os dados normalmente distribu&#237;dos foram apresentados como m&#233;dia e desvio&#8208;padr&#227;o&#44; enquanto os dados n&#227;o param&#233;tricos foram apresentados como mediana &#40;intervalo&#41;&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> para amostras independentes e o teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney foram usados para comparar as vari&#225;veis param&#233;tricas e n&#227;o param&#233;tricas entre os grupos&#44; respectivamente&#46; As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui&#8208;quadrado&#46; Um valor&#8208;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Resultados</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas dos grupos de estudo e controle foram mostradas na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46; N&#227;o foi observada diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto a g&#234;nero&#44; idade m&#233;dia&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto e tabagismo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;811&#44; 0&#44;909&#44; 0&#44;723&#44; 0&#44;197 e 0&#44;814&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; J&#225; as taxas de hipertens&#227;o&#44; hiperlipidemia&#44; obesidade e consumo de &#225;lcool foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;045&#44; 0&#44;002&#44; 0&#44;025 e 0&#44;013&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Pacientes com vitiligo apresentaram maiores taxas de hipertens&#227;o &#40;34&#44;2&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 23&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; hiperlipidemia &#40;57&#44;4&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 39&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; obesidade &#40;23&#44;9&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 10&#44;3&#37;&#41; e consumo de &#225;lcool &#40;32&#44;3&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 19&#44;4&#37;&#41; em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo de controle&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Componentes da SM</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a> apresenta a compara&#231;&#227;o dos resultados dos exames laboratoriais&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; IMC&#44; press&#227;o arterial e taxas de SM entre os grupos estudo e controle&#46; N&#227;o foi observada diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto aos valores m&#233;dios de HDL&#44; TG&#44; vitamina B12&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura e IMC &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;970&#44; 0&#44;630&#44; 0&#44;953&#44; 0&#44;08 e 0&#44;054&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; No entanto&#44; foram observadas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto aos valores m&#233;dios de FPG&#44; LDL&#44; PCR&#44; press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;PAS&#41; e press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;PAD&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;013&#44; 0&#44;031&#44; 0&#44;05&#44; 0&#44;02 e 0&#44;05&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; O grupo de estudo apresentou maior FPG &#40;93 &#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#44;82 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 87&#44;78 &#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;40&#41;&#44; colesterol LDL &#40;134&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#44;11 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 113&#44;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#44;11&#41;&#44; PCR &#40;0&#44;36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;24 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 0&#44;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;14&#41;&#44; PAS &#40;115<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;50 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 109&#44;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;67&#41; e PAD &#40;74&#44;83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;07 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 71&#44;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;17&#41; quando comparados ao grupo controle&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; as taxas de defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 foram semelhantes entre os grupos &#40;41&#44;1&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 42&#44;1&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;854&#41;&#46; J&#225; as taxas de terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 e SM &#40;de acordo com NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#41; foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos&#46; A taxa de terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 foi de 16&#44;1&#37; no grupo de estudo e 7&#44;7&#37; no grupo de controle &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;036&#41;&#46; A taxa de SM foi de 37&#44;4&#37; no grupo de estudo e 19&#44;4&#37; no grupo de controle&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do NCEP&#8208;ATPIII &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>001&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a taxa de SM foi de 40&#37; no grupo de estudo e 26&#44;5&#37; no grupo de controle de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da IDF &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Gravidade do vitiligo</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; o vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar foi o subtipo mais frequente&#44; observado em 144 pacientes &#40;92&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Vitiligo segmentar foi observado nos 11 pacientes restantes &#40;7&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do vitiligo foi de 121&#44;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>115&#44;04 meses&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o &#237;ndice VASI m&#233;dio foi de 4&#44;054<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;54 &#40;0&#44;093 a 43&#44;3&#41; e a mediana do &#237;ndice VIDA foi de 3 &#40;&#8208;1 a 4&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a> apresenta as taxas de SM para os grupos VASI e VIDA de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#46; Ao comparar os grupos de pacientes com vitiligo de acordo com o &#237;ndice VASI em termos de taxas de SM &#40;com ambos os crit&#233;rios&#44; NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#41;&#44; foi observada uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006 para os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;013 para os crit&#233;rios IDF&#41;&#46; Com ambos os crit&#233;rios&#44; a SM foi mais frequente nos grupos 2 e 3 do que no grupo 1 &#40;6&#44;45&#37;&#44; 14&#44;8&#37; e 16&#44;1&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do NCEP&#8208;ATPIII&#44; 7&#44;7&#37;&#44; 16&#44;1&#37; e 16&#44;1&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da IDF para os grupos 1&#44; 2 e 3&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; foi observada uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos de acordo com os &#237;ndices VIDA &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 para ambos os crit&#233;rios&#41;&#46; As taxas de SM foram mais frequentes no grupo C do que nos grupos A e B de acordo com os dois crit&#233;rios usados &#40;0&#44;6&#37;&#44; 1&#44;9&#37; e 34&#44;8&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e 0&#44;6&#37;&#44; 2&#44;6&#37; e 36&#44;8&#37; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da IDF&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; os valores m&#233;dios de PCR foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos VIDA &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41;&#46; O valor m&#233;dio da PCR no grupo C foi superior aos valores m&#233;dios nos grupos A e B &#40;0&#44;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;08&#44; 0&#44;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;07 e 0&#44;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;26 para os grupos A&#44; B e C&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a> apresenta as taxas de SM segundo os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF entre os grupos de estudo e controle ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos pacientes com obesidade&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 e consumo de &#225;lcool&#46; De acordo com os dois crit&#233;rios&#44; a SM foi estatisticamente significativamente mais frequente no grupo de estudo do que no grupo controle &#40;39&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; 8&#44;7&#37; para os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e 40&#44;7&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 15&#44;6&#37; para os crit&#233;rios de IDF&#44; respectivamente&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 para ambos os crit&#233;rios&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Compara&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com vitiligo segmentar e n&#227;o segmentar</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabela 5</a> apresenta a compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas&#44; exames laboratoriais&#44; componentes da SM e os &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA entre os pacientes com vitiligo segmentar e n&#227;o segmentar&#46; A maioria dos par&#226;metros era compar&#225;vel entre os pacientes&#46; No entanto&#44; foram observados valores significativamente mais altos de PCR&#44; circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura&#44; IMC&#44; taxa de obesidade segundo os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA nos pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar &#40;0&#44;001&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; 0&#44;001&#44; 0&#44;05&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 e &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O vitiligo &#233; um dist&#250;rbio pigmentar adquirido&#44; de origem desconhecida&#44; e &#233; o dist&#250;rbio despigmentante mais comum em todo o mundo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Ele pode ter um importante impacto psicossocial nos pacientes e diminuir sua qualidade de vida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> No entanto&#44; como a causa exata da doen&#231;a ainda n&#227;o foi descoberta&#44; nenhum tratamento curativo est&#225; dispon&#237;vel no momento&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Assim&#44; os protocolos de manejo da doen&#231;a s&#227;o em sua maioria conservadores e se concentram em preocupa&#231;&#245;es cosm&#233;ticas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Entretanto&#44; estudos recentes destacaram um perigo muito maior para a sa&#250;de&#58; a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;13&#44;17</span></a> Como Pietrzak et al&#46; afirmaram&#44; se for comprovada a exist&#234;ncia de dist&#250;rbios metab&#243;licos no vitiligo&#44; o manejo futuro desses pacientes ser&#225; alterado&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> A SM aumenta em cinco vezes o risco de desenvolver diabetes melito tipo 2 e em duas vezes o risco de desenvolver doen&#231;a cardiovascular nos pr&#243;ximos cinco a dez anos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; pacientes com SM apresentam risco duas a quatro vezes maior de AVC&#44; tr&#234;s a quatro vezes maior de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e duas vezes maior de morrer por esses eventos em compara&#231;&#227;o com a popula&#231;&#227;o sem SM&#44; independentemente de uma hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de eventos cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Portanto&#44; &#233; crucial evitar as graves complica&#231;&#245;es da SM com a ado&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida e o controle dos fatores de risco&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o manejo ideal da SM pode melhorar o curso cl&#237;nico do vitiligo&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acredita&#8208;se que altera&#231;&#245;es nas concentra&#231;&#245;es de citocinas&#44; autoimunidade e predisposi&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica sejam os principais fatores na patog&#234;nese do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; o vitiligo n&#227;o afeta apenas a pele&#44; apresenta v&#225;rias manifesta&#231;&#245;es sist&#234;micas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> Alguns estudos apontam que a produ&#231;&#227;o de autoanticorpos no vitiligo tamb&#233;m pode causar o desenvolvimento de comorbidades autoimunes&#44; como alopecia areata&#44; doen&#231;a autoimune da tireoide&#44; doen&#231;a de Addison&#44; anemia perniciosa&#44; diabetes melito tipo I e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">miastenia gravis</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;11</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; n&#237;veis aumentados de citocinas pr&#243;&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias&#44; como TNF&#8208;&#945;&#44; IL&#8208;1 e IL&#8208;6&#44; podem levar &#224; resist&#234;ncia a insulina e aterosclerose&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Em seu estudo&#44; Karadag et al&#46; afirmaram que a resist&#234;ncia a insulina e altera&#231;&#245;es no perfil lip&#237;dico &#40;n&#237;veis reduzidos de colesterol HDL e aumento dos n&#237;veis de colesterol LDL e resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina&#41; podem ocorrer em pacientes com vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; em outro estudo&#44; Karadag et al&#46; observaram n&#237;veis mais altos de homociste&#237;na em pacientes com vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com os controles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> A homociste&#237;na inibe a tirosinase&#44; uma enzima que participa da s&#237;ntese de melanina e &#233; um marcador de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Silverberg et al&#46; descobriram que pacientes com vitiligo apresentam maiores concentra&#231;&#245;es de homociste&#237;na e menores concentra&#231;&#245;es s&#233;ricas de vitamina B12&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Segundo estudos recentes&#44; os melan&#243;citos est&#227;o presentes n&#227;o apenas na pele e nos fol&#237;culos pilosos&#44; mas tamb&#233;m nas c&#233;lulas do epit&#233;lio pigmentado da retina&#44; em algumas c&#233;lulas do ouvido interno&#44; em algumas partes do sistema nervoso central e no tecido adiposo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> Acredita&#8208;se que os melan&#243;citos no tecido adiposo participem de rea&#231;&#245;es anti&#8208;inflamat&#243;rias e na redu&#231;&#227;o ou liga&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies reacionais de oxig&#234;nio&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> Randhawa et al&#46; observaram taxas mais altas de melanog&#234;nese em pacientes obesos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Hoggard et al&#46; e Hoch et al&#46; encontraram n&#237;veis mais altos de horm&#244;nio estimulante de alfa&#8208;melan&#243;citos &#40;&#945;&#8208;MSH&#41;&#44; que se ligam ao receptor de melanocortina 1 &#40;MC1R&#41; em adip&#243;citos humanos e estimulam a melanog&#234;nese&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> Assim&#44; Pietrzak et al&#46; conclu&#237;ram que a redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de melan&#243;citos juntamente com a redu&#231;&#227;o da melanog&#234;nese no tecido adiposo pode ser a causa comum subjacente ao estresse oxidativo&#44; tanto no vitiligo quanto na SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Page et al&#46; sugeriram que agonistas da produ&#231;&#227;o de melanina devem ser testados para prevenir o desenvolvimento de SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Da mesma forma&#44; em seu relatos de caso&#44; Noel et al&#46; indicaram estatinas como medicamentos imunomoduladores para o tratamento do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o do artigo de Pietrzak et al&#46;&#44; a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e SM atraiu a aten&#231;&#227;o de mais pesquisadores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> Atas et al&#46; demonstraram que pacientes com vitiligo est&#227;o em maior risco de desenvolver MS e apontaram que caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas negativas da doen&#231;a&#44; como maior atividade da doen&#231;a&#44; maior &#225;rea&#44; vitiligo segmentar e de maior dura&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o preditores independentes do desenvolvimento de SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Sharma et al&#46; observaram uma presen&#231;a significativa de SM em pacientes com vitiligo&#46; No entanto&#44; eles n&#227;o demonstraram uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre SM e gravidade&#47;atividade do vitiligo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; foram observadas taxas mais altas de hipertens&#227;o arterial&#44; hiperlipidemia&#44; obesidade&#44; consumo de &#225;lcool&#44; reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 e SM &#40;segundo ambos os crit&#233;rios&#41; em pacientes com vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles&#46; Os n&#237;veis m&#233;dios de FPG&#44; LDL&#44; PCR&#44; PAS e PAD foram estatisticamente significativamente maiores no grupo de estudo&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; observou&#8208;se um aumento da frequ&#234;ncia de SM &#224; medida que a gravidade&#47;atividade do vitiligo aumentava&#46; As taxas de SM&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#44; foram estatisticamente maiores no grupo de estudo&#44; mesmo ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos pacientes com obesidade&#44; diabetes melito&#44; tireoidite de Hashimoto&#44; defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12 e consumo de &#225;lcool&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; o valor m&#233;dio da PCR no grupo C foi superior aos valores m&#233;dios nos grupos A e B&#44; o que provavelmente ocorreu devido ao aumento das taxas de inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica com a atividade da doen&#231;a&#46; Os presentes achados s&#227;o quase consistentes com os achados dos estudos feitos por Atas et al&#46; e Sharma et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span></a> No entanto&#44; ao contr&#225;rio do estudo de Sharma et al&#46;&#44; foi observada uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre a gravidade do vitiligo e a presen&#231;a de SM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> A maior taxa de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12 em pacientes com vitiligo observada no presente estudo foi consistente com os achados do estudo de Karadag et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> O vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar pode estar mais associado &#224; inflama&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica e &#224; SM&#44; de acordo com os achados desse estudo&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; a literatura indica que o vitiligo segmentar est&#225; principalmente associado a fatores gen&#233;ticos e autoimunes&#44; enquanto a SM foi relatada como mais frequente em pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;5&#44;13</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; os &#237;ndices mais altos de VASI e VIDA nos pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar indicaram uma doen&#231;a mais extensa e ativa&#44; o que poderia ser outra raz&#227;o para a coexist&#234;ncia de inflama&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica nesses pacientes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;5&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os principais aspectos positivos do presente estudo foram seu desenho prospectivo&#44; n&#250;mero relativamente grande de pacientes inclu&#237;dos&#44; alto n&#250;mero de par&#226;metros e homogeneidade dos resultados dos exames laboratoriais&#46; Por outro lado&#44; suas principais limita&#231;&#245;es foram a experi&#234;ncia em um &#250;nico centro&#44; aus&#234;ncia de marcadores de estresse oxidativo mais espec&#237;ficos&#44; pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes no grupo vitiligo segmentar e falta de seguimento de longo prazo dos pacientes&#46; Tanto a SM quanto o vitiligo s&#227;o s&#237;ndromes din&#226;micas com altera&#231;&#227;o da gravidade ao longo dos anos&#59; o presente estudo teve apenas como objetivo demonstrar a associa&#231;&#227;o transversal da gravidade da doen&#231;a com a presen&#231;a de caracter&#237;sticas da SM&#46; Estudos prospectivos adicionais podem ser feitos para confirmar os resultados do presente estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia da SM foi maior em pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar e a taxa foi maior na forma ativa&#47;grave da doen&#231;a&#46; Assim&#44; controlar os fatores de risco&#44; promover mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida e adotar uma abordagem multidisciplinar para a SM podem ser ben&#233;ficos em pacientes com vitiligo&#46; Terapias espec&#237;ficas para o tratamento da inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica e do estresse oxidativo devem ser os alvos dos m&#233;dicos que tratam pacientes com vitiligo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Efsun Tanacan&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nilgun Atakan&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos&#47;Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre vitiligo e s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica &#40;SM&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal prospectivo realizado entre 2014 e 2016&#46; Os grupos estudo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155&#41; e controle &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>155&#41; foram avaliados quanto &#224; SM de acordo com os crit&#233;rios do Painel de Tratamento do Adulto III do Programa Nacional de Educa&#231;&#227;o sobre Colesterol &#40;NCEP&#8208;ATP III&#41; e os crit&#233;rios da Federa&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Diabetes &#40;IDF&#41;&#46; O grupo de estudo foi subdividido em tr&#234;s grupos&#44; de acordo com o &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo e os valores do &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo &#40;Grupo 1&#58; 6&#44;89 para &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo&#44; Grupo A&#58; &#8211;1&#8211;0&#44; Grupo B&#58; 1&#8211;2 e Grupo C&#58; 3&#8208;4 para &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; As taxas de SM de acordo com ambos os crit&#233;rios foram comparadas entre os grupos de &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo e de &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As taxas de SM foram de 37&#44;4&#37; e 40&#37; no grupo de estudo e 19&#44;4&#37; e 26&#44;5&#37; no grupo controle&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII e IDF&#44; respectivamente &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>001 e p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#41;&#46; A SM foi mais frequentemente observada nos grupos 2 de 3 de &#237;ndice de &#225;rea comprometida pelo vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com grupo 1&#44; bem como no grupo C de &#237;ndice de atividade da doen&#231;a vitiligo em compara&#231;&#227;o com os grupos A e B&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Experi&#234;ncia em um &#250;nico centro&#44; aus&#234;ncia de marcadores de estresse oxidativo mais espec&#237;ficos e falta de seguimento de longo prazo dos pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A frequ&#234;ncia de SM foi maior em pacientes com vitiligo n&#227;o segmentar e a taxa foi maior na forma ativa&#47;grave da doen&#231;a&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Como citar este artigo&#58; Tanacan E&#44; Atakan N&#46; Higher incidence of metabolic syndrome components in vitiligo patients&#58; a prospective cross&#8208;sectional study&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2020&#59;95&#58;165&#8211;172&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Frequ&#234;ncia de fatores de risco para s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes melito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;3&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;723&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tireoidite de Hashimoto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;34&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;23&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;23&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tabagismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;36&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;814&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de &#225;lcool&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FPG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">87&#44;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">134&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">113&#44;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">123&#44;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>71&#44;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;630&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PCR &#40;mg&#47;L&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vitamina B12 &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipertens&#227;o arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;34&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;36&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hiperlipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;58&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;45&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tabagismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;39&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;18&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consumo de &#225;lcool&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;31&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;45&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FPG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#44;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#44;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LDL &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">134&#44;97<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">124&#44;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TG &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127&#44;88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">119&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PCR &#40;mg&#47;L&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vitamina B12 &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">244&#44;86<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">248&#44;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taxa de defici&#234;ncia de vitamina B12&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;36&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;36&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taxa de reposi&#231;&#227;o de vitamina B12&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;21&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura &#40;cm&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&#44;79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC &#40;kg&#47;m2&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;62<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#44;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">115&#44;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">114&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41; &#40;m&#233;dia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&#44;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#44;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Taxa de s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Crit&#233;rios NCEP&#8208;ATPIII&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;39&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Crit&#233;rios IDF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;41&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;18&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupos VASI&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo 1 &#40;&#60; 1&#44;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;27&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo 2 &#40;1&#44;94 a 6&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;35&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo 3 &#40;&#62; 6&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;36&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupos VIDA&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo A &#40;&#8208;1&#63;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;13&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;54&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo B &#40;1&#63;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;24&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Grupo C &#40;3&#63;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;62&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;18&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o de caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#44; exames laboratoriais&#44; componentes da s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica e &#237;ndices VASI e VIDA entre pacientes com vitiligo segmentar e n&#227;o segmentar</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
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            0 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Revised classification&#47;nomenclature of vitiligo and related issues&#58; the Vitiligo Global Issues Consensus Conference"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Ezzedine"
                            1 => "H&#46;W&#46; Lim"
                            2 => "T&#46; Suzuki"
                            3 => "I&#46; Katayama"
                            4 => "I&#46; Hamzavi"
                            5 => "C&#46;C&#46; Lan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2020.05.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pigment cell &#38; melanoma research&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e13"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32442431"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                      ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children&#47;adolescents and adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Kr&#252;ger"
                            1 => "K&#46;U&#46; Schallreuter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05377.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "International journal of dermatology&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1206"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1212"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458952"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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              ]
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Epidemiology of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Caucasian probands and their families"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Alkhateeb"
                            1 => "P&#46;R&#46; Fain"
                            2 => "A&#46; Thody"
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