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bem como para avaliar a resposta e o progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s a institui&#231;&#227;o de terap&#234;uticas adequadas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Survivina&#44; p53 e Ki67 s&#227;o marcadores nucleares presentes em c&#233;lulas proliferativas e expressas em les&#245;es neopl&#225;sicas e pr&#233;&#8208;neopl&#225;sicas&#44; que podem auxiliar na caracteriza&#231;&#227;o de um CCC em atividade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ntese de p53 induz o reparo ao DNA e apoptose&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es na p53 s&#227;o as altera&#231;&#245;es gen&#233;ticas mais encontradas em neoplasias do ser humano&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Recentemente&#44; a an&#225;lise de &#233;xons no gene p53 em tumores do trato aerodigestivo tem demonstrado prov&#225;vel m&#233;todo molecular para detec&#231;&#227;o de campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; muta&#231;&#245;es na p53 podem ser encontradas em QAs e carcinomas espinocelulares &#40;CEC&#41; na maioria dos casos e em concentra&#231;&#245;es maiores nos CEC&#44; enquanto pacientes sem les&#245;es suspeitas de c&#226;ncer n&#227;o expressam muta&#231;&#245;es na p53&#44; o que sugere que muta&#231;&#245;es na p53 podem estar envolvidas na convers&#227;o de QAs a CECs e&#44; consequentemente&#44; podem indicar atividade do CCC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O ant&#237;geno Ki67 &#233; um marcador de prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> que est&#225; correlacionado com crescimento tumoral e potencial metast&#225;tico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> A express&#227;o nuclear de Ki67 foi estudada previamente em neoplasias cut&#226;neas e &#233; evidenciada em QA&#44; doen&#231;a de Bowen&#44; carcinoma basocelular e CEC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> At&#233; o momento&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; estudos que descrevam a express&#227;o de Ki67 na atividade de CCC&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A survivina &#233; uma prote&#237;na expressa por queratin&#243;citos proliferativos e pode ser encontrada no citoplasma ou no n&#250;cleo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> atua tanto na regula&#231;&#227;o do ciclo celular quanto no controle da apoptose&#46; Sua fun&#231;&#227;o varia de acordo com a localiza&#231;&#227;o intracelular&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> enquanto a express&#227;o nuclear est&#225; mais associada &#224; divis&#227;o celular e &#233; essencial para a mitose&#44; a presen&#231;a de survivina no citoplasma &#233; considerada citoprotetora&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Um alto n&#237;vel de survivina nuclear &#233; preditivo de maior malignidade ou pior progn&#243;stico quando analisado em tumores epiteliais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;22</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a localiza&#231;&#227;o da survivina nuclear nas camadas da epiderme tamb&#233;m influencia e indica progn&#243;stico&#58; enquanto a presen&#231;a de survivina na camada basal pode ser encontrada em um epit&#233;lio sem altera&#231;&#245;es&#44; a express&#227;o de survivina nuclear nas camadas suprabasais indica ruptura da homeostase das c&#233;lulas epid&#233;rmicas e&#44; consequentemente&#44; atividade mit&#243;tica&#44; pode auxiliar na caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do CCC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise morfol&#243;gica nuclear pode fornecer ind&#237;cios sobre a fisiologia celular e contribuir para a avalia&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica e progn&#243;stica de les&#245;es neopl&#225;sicas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; altera&#231;&#245;es na arquitetura da cromatina nuclear podem indicar atividade mit&#243;tica intensa e se correlacionar com graus de prolifera&#231;&#227;o neopl&#225;sicos&#46; Desse modo&#44; a morfometria e as caracter&#237;sticas de texturas nucleares t&#234;m sido estudadas como fatores progn&#243;sticos em muitas neoplasias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;27</span></a> Investiga&#231;&#245;es sobre morfometria nuclear e heterogeneidade da cromatina foram feitas em CBCs&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o h&#225; estudos que caracterizem tais par&#226;metros no CCC e os correlacionem com atividade de campo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso de t&#233;cnicas morfom&#233;tricas e imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micas&#44; juntamente com dados cl&#237;nicos e histopatol&#243;gicos&#44; pode fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o comportamento biol&#243;gico e contribuir para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da efetividade de tratamentos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal feito com pacientes adultos de ambos os g&#234;neros&#44; com QAs nos membros superiores&#44; biopsiados em dois pontos&#58; pele que engloba uma QA dos membros superiores e outro de pele axilar&#46; Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da institui&#231;&#227;o &#40;CEP&#41; e todos os pacientes inclu&#237;dos assinaram termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As bi&#243;psias de QAs&#44; &#225;rea perilesional e &#225;rea fotoprotegida foram analisadas &#224; histopatologia &#40;HE&#41; por meio do m&#233;todo KIN &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia</span>&#41;&#46; A classifica&#231;&#227;o KIN &#233; um modo de classificar a intensidade da atipia dos queratin&#243;citos por meio de sua presen&#231;a nos n&#237;veis epid&#233;rmicos&#44; de maneira que KIN I apresenta atipia focal no ter&#231;o inferior dos queratin&#243;citos&#59; KIN II apresenta despolariza&#231;&#227;o nas camadas espinhosa&#8208;granulosa&#59; e KIN III apresenta despolariza&#231;&#227;o em todos os estratos epid&#233;rmicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Para fins de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; a pele normal axilar foi considerada como KIN 0&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#192; imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica foi analisada de acordo com a porcentagem de c&#233;lulas coradas por survivina&#44; p53 e Ki67 nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hotspots</span> de QA&#44; &#225;reas perilesionais e axilares&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As l&#226;minas foram fotografadas em alta resolu&#231;&#227;o &#40;400&#215;&#41; com microsc&#243;pio Coolscope II &#40;Nikon Instruments Inc&#46;&#44; T&#243;kio&#44; Jap&#227;o&#44; 2009&#41;&#44; com registro de cerca de 30 n&#250;cleos&#47;campo&#46; Os n&#250;cleos da camada basal da epiderme foram recortados manualmente e suas imagens transformadas para 8 bits e normalizadas&#46; Foi usado o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> ImageJ &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; As imagens resultantes foram submetidas &#224; extra&#231;&#227;o dos &#237;ndices de entropia&#44; intensidade da cor&#44; dimens&#227;o fractal&#44; Ra&#44; circularidade&#44; per&#237;metro e &#225;rea&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto &#224; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; os dados foram comparados entre as topografias pelo teste de Jonckheere&#8208;Terpstra&#46; A normalidade foi estimada pelo teste de Shapiro&#8208;Wilk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> As correla&#231;&#245;es entre os indicadores foram estimadas pelo coeficiente de Spearman e apresentadas como mapa t&#233;rmico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Os comportamentos das vari&#225;veis foram comparados por an&#225;lise de correspond&#234;ncia m&#250;ltipla e dispostos pelo mapa perceptual&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Foram considerados significativos valores de p &#60; 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos 13 pacientes&#58; quatro mulheres e nove homens&#44; de 37 a 88 anos&#44; em que foram amostradas 38 QA&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na morfometria&#44; foram analisados 1&#46;039 n&#250;cleos&#44; dos quais 228 representavam pele &#237;ntegra axilar&#44; 396 das QA e 415<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da &#225;rea perilesional &#224; QA&#46; Os valores m&#233;dios de das morfometrias est&#227;o dispostos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Houve diferen&#231;a significativa &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; nos valores da pele fotoprotegida e fotoexposta em todas as vari&#225;veis testadas &#40;p53&#44; Ki67&#41;&#44; como observado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; KIN mostrou&#8208;se diretamente relacionada com a fotoexposi&#231;&#227;o&#44; tendeu a zero na pele fotoprotegida &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Identificou&#8208;se correla&#231;&#227;o entre os indicadores morfom&#233;tricos e de prolifera&#231;&#227;o e apoptose &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Os elementos que mais se correlacionaram com o KIN foram o p53 e Ki67&#46; Houve intensa correla&#231;&#227;o dos elementos morfom&#233;tricos entre si&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhuma das vari&#225;veis testadas destacou&#8208;se como marcador individual de atividade do CCC&#59; entretanto&#44; KIN&#44; p53 e Ki67&#44; em conjunto&#44; puderam caracterizar o comportamento das topografias &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; Houve grande proximidade espacial da QA com KIN&#160;III e os maiores valores de Ki67 e p53&#59; a pele fotoexposta teve grande proximidade ao KIN&#160;I e valores intermedi&#225;rios dos outros marcadores&#44; enquanto a epiderme axilar apresentou maior proximidade ao KIN&#160;0&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O CCC&#44; nesse grupo de amostras&#44; caracterizou&#8208;se por maior prolifera&#231;&#227;o epitelial&#44; aumento na express&#227;o de fatores ligados &#224; apoptose e altera&#231;&#245;es na morfologia nuclear&#44; em concord&#226;ncia com a literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11</span></a> Houve progressiva express&#227;o dessas vari&#225;veis na pele fotoprotegida em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; pele fotoexposta e QAs&#44; mostrou que a exposi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o ultravioleta promove altera&#231;&#245;es teciduais no CCC&#44; com correla&#231;&#227;o entre a express&#227;o desses fatores e o grau de displasia histol&#243;gica do epit&#233;lio&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As associa&#231;&#245;es dos epit&#233;lios com a express&#227;o de KIN&#44; p53 e Ki67 modificaram&#8208;se proporcionalmente de acordo com a fotoexposi&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que os sugere como fortes candidatos &#224; caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do CCC e indicam que podem ser usados na an&#225;lise de sua atividade em ensaios cl&#237;nicos terap&#234;uticos e no desenvolvimento de medidas que visem &#224; preven&#231;&#227;o do desenvolvimento de c&#226;nceres de pele&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Houve&#44; tamb&#233;m&#44; aumento de express&#227;o de survivina suprabasal com rela&#231;&#227;o diretamente proporcional ao aumento da exposi&#231;&#227;o solar e presen&#231;a de QA&#44; como esperado pela literatura&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> entretanto&#44; sua correla&#231;&#227;o com Ki67 e p53&#44; marcadores bem estabelecidos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14</span></a> foi menos intensa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; ainda s&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos de correla&#231;&#227;o entre a express&#227;o de survivina suprabasal e atividade do CCC para que haja maior n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia desses achados&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Altera&#231;&#245;es da morfometria nuclear e da textura da cromatina s&#227;o usadas em patologia como crit&#233;rios de diferencia&#231;&#227;o entre tecidos saud&#225;veis e de neoplasias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;31</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; tecidos sob estresse&#44; como a radia&#231;&#227;o ultravioleta&#44; tamb&#233;m podem apresentar altera&#231;&#245;es nucleares&#44; geralmente relacionadas &#224; intensidade da atividade metab&#243;lica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;28</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; fenotipicamente&#44; o dano gen&#244;mico do CCC manifestou&#8208;se como varia&#231;&#245;es do formato do n&#250;cleo e heterogeneidade da cromatina&#44; correlacionadas entre si e com altera&#231;&#245;es de car&#225;ter progressivo de acordo com a fotoexposi&#231;&#227;o e presen&#231;a de QAs&#44; subsidiaram as evid&#234;ncias de instabilidade gen&#244;mica e sugeriram que essas altera&#231;&#245;es ocorram de maneira simult&#226;nea intranuclear&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As principais limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo referem&#8208;se &#224; pequena quantidade de participantes&#44; apesar de possibilitarem um n&#250;mero suficiente de les&#245;es para an&#225;lise&#46; Como o estudo &#233; transversal&#44; embora QAs e CCC sejam entidades inst&#225;veis&#44; um desenho longitudinal poderia fornecer elementos mais consistentes de sua atividade ligadas ao progn&#243;stico oncol&#243;gico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o histol&#243;gica do CCC deve oferecer subs&#237;dios adicionais &#224; contagem de QAs e &#224;s escalas de qualidade de vida e aos escores cl&#237;nicos de gravidade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;35&#44;36</span></a> na compreens&#227;o dos fen&#244;menos subjacente ao CCC&#46; Esses achados est&#227;o sendo testados em ensaios cl&#237;nicos com tratamentos de campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o&#44; como terapia fotodin&#226;mica&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> mebutato de ingenol e 5&#8208;fluorouracil&#44; assim como de acordo com uma escala de gravidade de QAs&#44; em desenvolvimento por nosso grupo de estudo em CCC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vari&#225;veis morfom&#233;tricas e relativas &#224; textura da cromatina apresentaram diferen&#231;a na compara&#231;&#227;o da pele fotoexposta e fotoprotegida&#46; KIN&#44; p53 e Ki67 &#8211; conjuntamente &#8211; tornaram poss&#237;vel a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do CCC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anna Carolina Miola&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; Elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; Obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariana Anteghini Castilho&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariangela Esther Alencar Marques&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Helio Amante Miot&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;neo &#40;CCC&#41; &#233; uma &#225;rea cut&#226;nea com altera&#231;&#245;es subcl&#237;nicas decorrentes da exposi&#231;&#227;o solar cr&#244;nica&#44; com maior predisposi&#231;&#227;o a desenvolvimento de les&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;neopl&#225;sicas e neopl&#225;sicas&#46; At&#233; o momento&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; par&#226;metros objetivos bem definidos que possam indicar seu grau de atividade&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descrever e comparar aspectos morfom&#233;tricos e express&#227;o de fatores ligados &#224; apoptose e &#224; prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular em queratoses act&#237;nicas &#40;QA&#41;&#44; epiderme fotoexposta e fotoprotegida&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#44; com pacientes portadores de queratose act&#237;nica nos membros superiores&#44; biopsiados em dois pontos&#58; queratose act&#237;nica e regi&#227;o axilar&#46; As bi&#243;psias de Q queratose act&#237;nica A&#44; &#225;rea perilesional e axila foram avaliadas por meio de KIN &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia</span>&#41;&#44; imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica de p53&#44; survivina e Ki67&#46; Foi feita morfometria nuclear das c&#233;lulas da camada basal por meio de an&#225;lise de imagem digital&#58; entropia&#44; &#225;rea&#44; per&#237;metro&#44; Ra&#44; dimens&#227;o fractal&#44; circularidade&#44; intensidade de cor e maior di&#226;metro&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos&#160;13&#160;pacientes e amostradas&#160;38&#160;queratoses act&#237;nicas&#46; Na morfometria&#44; foram analisados 1&#46;039 n&#250;cleos&#44; dos quais 228 representavam pele &#237;ntegra axilar&#44; 396 das queratose act&#237;nica e 415<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da &#225;rea perilesional &#224; queratose act&#237;nica&#46; Houve diferen&#231;a significativa &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; em todas as vari&#225;veis testadas para as topografias avaliadas&#46; Identificaram&#8208;se correla&#231;&#227;o significativa entre os elementos morfom&#233;tricos nucelares&#44; KIN&#44; marcadores de prolifera&#231;&#227;o e apoptose&#46; Padr&#245;es conjuntos de p53&#44; Ki67 e KIN discriminaram as topografias amostradas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#44; com pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">H&#225; padr&#245;es de prolifera&#231;&#227;o&#44; resist&#234;ncia &#224; apoptose e morfom&#233;tricos celulares diferentes entre pele fotoprotegida e pele fotoexposta&#46; A express&#227;o conjunta de p53&#44; Ki67 e o KIN pode caracterizar a atividade do campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;neo&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Per&#237;metro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">140&#44;98 &#40;135&#44;64&#8211;145&#44;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">157&#44;52 &#40;148&#44;81&#8211;209&#44;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">178&#44;52 &#40;152&#44;27&#8211;213&#44;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;81 &#40;0&#44;75&#8211;0&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74 &#40;0&#44;71&#8211;0&#44;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;73 &#40;0&#44;69&#8211;0&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51&#44;69 &#40;48&#44;96&#8211;52&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52&#44;11 &#40;54&#44;17&#8211;74&#44;93&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43&#44;64 &#40;36&#44;12&#8211;50&#44;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Entropia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;30 &#40;5&#44;17&#8211;5&#44;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Investigação
Contribuição para a caracterização da atividade do campo de cancerização cutâneo: aspectos morfométricos, de textura da cromatina, proliferação e apoptose
Anna Carolina Miolaa,b,
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anna_fmrp@yahoo.com.br

Autor para correspondência.
, Mariana Anteghini Castilhoc, Juliano Vilaverde Schmitta, Mariangela Esther Alencar Marquesd, Helio Amante Miota
a Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
b Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brasil
c Departamento de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
d Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mapa perceptual da distribui&#231;&#227;o de p53&#44; Ki67 e KIN de acordo com a topografia&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O conceito de campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o foi proposto por Slaughter em&#160;1953 e compreende uma &#225;rea de tegumento aparentemente normal&#44; por&#233;m com altera&#231;&#245;es subcl&#237;nicas e multifocais&#44; composta por c&#233;lulas geneticamente alteradas em decorr&#234;ncia da exposi&#231;&#227;o solar cr&#244;nica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> O conceito de campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;neo &#40;CCC&#41; sugere que a pele clinicamente normal adjacente &#224;s queratoses act&#237;nicas &#40;QAs&#41; seja foco de expans&#227;o clonal de c&#233;lulas geneticamente alteradas&#44; o que explicaria a ocorr&#234;ncia de novas QAs ou outras neoplasias cut&#226;neas em uma mesma &#225;rea tegumentar&#44; al&#233;m da recorr&#234;ncia local de tumores considerados completamente excisados pela an&#225;lise histopatol&#243;gica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; o CCC tem sido intensamente estudado devido a sua import&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica&#44; pois sua estabiliza&#231;&#227;o pode prevenir o surgimento de neoplasias&#44; sua recorr&#234;ncia ou a evolu&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es j&#225; existentes&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atualmente&#44; as QAs&#44; les&#245;es epiteliais pr&#233;&#8208;neopl&#225;sicas s&#227;o consideradas marcadores de atividade do CCC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Entretanto&#44; at&#233; o momento&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; par&#226;metros objetivos bem definidos que possam indicar seu grau de atividade&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a extens&#227;o e a intensidade da atividade de um CCC torna&#8208;se importante para criar estrat&#233;gias de tratamento e preven&#231;&#227;o diversas e adequadas para cada tipo de paciente&#44; bem como para avaliar a resposta e o progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s a institui&#231;&#227;o de terap&#234;uticas adequadas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Survivina&#44; p53 e Ki67 s&#227;o marcadores nucleares presentes em c&#233;lulas proliferativas e expressas em les&#245;es neopl&#225;sicas e pr&#233;&#8208;neopl&#225;sicas&#44; que podem auxiliar na caracteriza&#231;&#227;o de um CCC em atividade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A s&#237;ntese de p53 induz o reparo ao DNA e apoptose&#46; Muta&#231;&#245;es na p53 s&#227;o as altera&#231;&#245;es gen&#233;ticas mais encontradas em neoplasias do ser humano&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Recentemente&#44; a an&#225;lise de &#233;xons no gene p53 em tumores do trato aerodigestivo tem demonstrado prov&#225;vel m&#233;todo molecular para detec&#231;&#227;o de campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; muta&#231;&#245;es na p53 podem ser encontradas em QAs e carcinomas espinocelulares &#40;CEC&#41; na maioria dos casos e em concentra&#231;&#245;es maiores nos CEC&#44; enquanto pacientes sem les&#245;es suspeitas de c&#226;ncer n&#227;o expressam muta&#231;&#245;es na p53&#44; o que sugere que muta&#231;&#245;es na p53 podem estar envolvidas na convers&#227;o de QAs a CECs e&#44; consequentemente&#44; podem indicar atividade do CCC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O ant&#237;geno Ki67 &#233; um marcador de prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> que est&#225; correlacionado com crescimento tumoral e potencial metast&#225;tico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> A express&#227;o nuclear de Ki67 foi estudada previamente em neoplasias cut&#226;neas e &#233; evidenciada em QA&#44; doen&#231;a de Bowen&#44; carcinoma basocelular e CEC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> At&#233; o momento&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; estudos que descrevam a express&#227;o de Ki67 na atividade de CCC&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A survivina &#233; uma prote&#237;na expressa por queratin&#243;citos proliferativos e pode ser encontrada no citoplasma ou no n&#250;cleo&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> atua tanto na regula&#231;&#227;o do ciclo celular quanto no controle da apoptose&#46; Sua fun&#231;&#227;o varia de acordo com a localiza&#231;&#227;o intracelular&#58;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> enquanto a express&#227;o nuclear est&#225; mais associada &#224; divis&#227;o celular e &#233; essencial para a mitose&#44; a presen&#231;a de survivina no citoplasma &#233; considerada citoprotetora&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Um alto n&#237;vel de survivina nuclear &#233; preditivo de maior malignidade ou pior progn&#243;stico quando analisado em tumores epiteliais&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;22</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; a localiza&#231;&#227;o da survivina nuclear nas camadas da epiderme tamb&#233;m influencia e indica progn&#243;stico&#58; enquanto a presen&#231;a de survivina na camada basal pode ser encontrada em um epit&#233;lio sem altera&#231;&#245;es&#44; a express&#227;o de survivina nuclear nas camadas suprabasais indica ruptura da homeostase das c&#233;lulas epid&#233;rmicas e&#44; consequentemente&#44; atividade mit&#243;tica&#44; pode auxiliar na caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do CCC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise morfol&#243;gica nuclear pode fornecer ind&#237;cios sobre a fisiologia celular e contribuir para a avalia&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica e progn&#243;stica de les&#245;es neopl&#225;sicas&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; altera&#231;&#245;es na arquitetura da cromatina nuclear podem indicar atividade mit&#243;tica intensa e se correlacionar com graus de prolifera&#231;&#227;o neopl&#225;sicos&#46; Desse modo&#44; a morfometria e as caracter&#237;sticas de texturas nucleares t&#234;m sido estudadas como fatores progn&#243;sticos em muitas neoplasias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;27</span></a> Investiga&#231;&#245;es sobre morfometria nuclear e heterogeneidade da cromatina foram feitas em CBCs&#44; por&#233;m n&#227;o h&#225; estudos que caracterizem tais par&#226;metros no CCC e os correlacionem com atividade de campo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O uso de t&#233;cnicas morfom&#233;tricas e imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;micas&#44; juntamente com dados cl&#237;nicos e histopatol&#243;gicos&#44; pode fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o comportamento biol&#243;gico e contribuir para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da efetividade de tratamentos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal feito com pacientes adultos de ambos os g&#234;neros&#44; com QAs nos membros superiores&#44; biopsiados em dois pontos&#58; pele que engloba uma QA dos membros superiores e outro de pele axilar&#46; Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da institui&#231;&#227;o &#40;CEP&#41; e todos os pacientes inclu&#237;dos assinaram termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As bi&#243;psias de QAs&#44; &#225;rea perilesional e &#225;rea fotoprotegida foram analisadas &#224; histopatologia &#40;HE&#41; por meio do m&#233;todo KIN &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia</span>&#41;&#46; A classifica&#231;&#227;o KIN &#233; um modo de classificar a intensidade da atipia dos queratin&#243;citos por meio de sua presen&#231;a nos n&#237;veis epid&#233;rmicos&#44; de maneira que KIN I apresenta atipia focal no ter&#231;o inferior dos queratin&#243;citos&#59; KIN II apresenta despolariza&#231;&#227;o nas camadas espinhosa&#8208;granulosa&#59; e KIN III apresenta despolariza&#231;&#227;o em todos os estratos epid&#233;rmicos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Para fins de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; a pele normal axilar foi considerada como KIN 0&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#192; imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica foi analisada de acordo com a porcentagem de c&#233;lulas coradas por survivina&#44; p53 e Ki67 nos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hotspots</span> de QA&#44; &#225;reas perilesionais e axilares&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As l&#226;minas foram fotografadas em alta resolu&#231;&#227;o &#40;400&#215;&#41; com microsc&#243;pio Coolscope II &#40;Nikon Instruments Inc&#46;&#44; T&#243;kio&#44; Jap&#227;o&#44; 2009&#41;&#44; com registro de cerca de 30 n&#250;cleos&#47;campo&#46; Os n&#250;cleos da camada basal da epiderme foram recortados manualmente e suas imagens transformadas para 8 bits e normalizadas&#46; Foi usado o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> ImageJ &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; As imagens resultantes foram submetidas &#224; extra&#231;&#227;o dos &#237;ndices de entropia&#44; intensidade da cor&#44; dimens&#227;o fractal&#44; Ra&#44; circularidade&#44; per&#237;metro e &#225;rea&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quanto &#224; an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; os dados foram comparados entre as topografias pelo teste de Jonckheere&#8208;Terpstra&#46; A normalidade foi estimada pelo teste de Shapiro&#8208;Wilk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> As correla&#231;&#245;es entre os indicadores foram estimadas pelo coeficiente de Spearman e apresentadas como mapa t&#233;rmico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Os comportamentos das vari&#225;veis foram comparados por an&#225;lise de correspond&#234;ncia m&#250;ltipla e dispostos pelo mapa perceptual&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Foram considerados significativos valores de p &#60; 0&#44;05&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos 13 pacientes&#58; quatro mulheres e nove homens&#44; de 37 a 88 anos&#44; em que foram amostradas 38 QA&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na morfometria&#44; foram analisados 1&#46;039 n&#250;cleos&#44; dos quais 228 representavam pele &#237;ntegra axilar&#44; 396 das QA e 415<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da &#225;rea perilesional &#224; QA&#46; Os valores m&#233;dios de das morfometrias est&#227;o dispostos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Houve diferen&#231;a significativa &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; nos valores da pele fotoprotegida e fotoexposta em todas as vari&#225;veis testadas &#40;p53&#44; Ki67&#41;&#44; como observado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; KIN mostrou&#8208;se diretamente relacionada com a fotoexposi&#231;&#227;o&#44; tendeu a zero na pele fotoprotegida &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Identificou&#8208;se correla&#231;&#227;o entre os indicadores morfom&#233;tricos e de prolifera&#231;&#227;o e apoptose &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Os elementos que mais se correlacionaram com o KIN foram o p53 e Ki67&#46; Houve intensa correla&#231;&#227;o dos elementos morfom&#233;tricos entre si&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhuma das vari&#225;veis testadas destacou&#8208;se como marcador individual de atividade do CCC&#59; entretanto&#44; KIN&#44; p53 e Ki67&#44; em conjunto&#44; puderam caracterizar o comportamento das topografias &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; Houve grande proximidade espacial da QA com KIN&#160;III e os maiores valores de Ki67 e p53&#59; a pele fotoexposta teve grande proximidade ao KIN&#160;I e valores intermedi&#225;rios dos outros marcadores&#44; enquanto a epiderme axilar apresentou maior proximidade ao KIN&#160;0&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O CCC&#44; nesse grupo de amostras&#44; caracterizou&#8208;se por maior prolifera&#231;&#227;o epitelial&#44; aumento na express&#227;o de fatores ligados &#224; apoptose e altera&#231;&#245;es na morfologia nuclear&#44; em concord&#226;ncia com a literatura&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;11</span></a> Houve progressiva express&#227;o dessas vari&#225;veis na pele fotoprotegida em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; pele fotoexposta e QAs&#44; mostrou que a exposi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o ultravioleta promove altera&#231;&#245;es teciduais no CCC&#44; com correla&#231;&#227;o entre a express&#227;o desses fatores e o grau de displasia histol&#243;gica do epit&#233;lio&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As associa&#231;&#245;es dos epit&#233;lios com a express&#227;o de KIN&#44; p53 e Ki67 modificaram&#8208;se proporcionalmente de acordo com a fotoexposi&#231;&#227;o&#44; o que os sugere como fortes candidatos &#224; caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do CCC e indicam que podem ser usados na an&#225;lise de sua atividade em ensaios cl&#237;nicos terap&#234;uticos e no desenvolvimento de medidas que visem &#224; preven&#231;&#227;o do desenvolvimento de c&#226;nceres de pele&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Houve&#44; tamb&#233;m&#44; aumento de express&#227;o de survivina suprabasal com rela&#231;&#227;o diretamente proporcional ao aumento da exposi&#231;&#227;o solar e presen&#231;a de QA&#44; como esperado pela literatura&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> entretanto&#44; sua correla&#231;&#227;o com Ki67 e p53&#44; marcadores bem estabelecidos&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14</span></a> foi menos intensa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; ainda s&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos de correla&#231;&#227;o entre a express&#227;o de survivina suprabasal e atividade do CCC para que haja maior n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia desses achados&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Altera&#231;&#245;es da morfometria nuclear e da textura da cromatina s&#227;o usadas em patologia como crit&#233;rios de diferencia&#231;&#227;o entre tecidos saud&#225;veis e de neoplasias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;31</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; tecidos sob estresse&#44; como a radia&#231;&#227;o ultravioleta&#44; tamb&#233;m podem apresentar altera&#231;&#245;es nucleares&#44; geralmente relacionadas &#224; intensidade da atividade metab&#243;lica&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;28</span></a> Neste estudo&#44; fenotipicamente&#44; o dano gen&#244;mico do CCC manifestou&#8208;se como varia&#231;&#245;es do formato do n&#250;cleo e heterogeneidade da cromatina&#44; correlacionadas entre si e com altera&#231;&#245;es de car&#225;ter progressivo de acordo com a fotoexposi&#231;&#227;o e presen&#231;a de QAs&#44; subsidiaram as evid&#234;ncias de instabilidade gen&#244;mica e sugeriram que essas altera&#231;&#245;es ocorram de maneira simult&#226;nea intranuclear&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As principais limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo referem&#8208;se &#224; pequena quantidade de participantes&#44; apesar de possibilitarem um n&#250;mero suficiente de les&#245;es para an&#225;lise&#46; Como o estudo &#233; transversal&#44; embora QAs e CCC sejam entidades inst&#225;veis&#44; um desenho longitudinal poderia fornecer elementos mais consistentes de sua atividade ligadas ao progn&#243;stico oncol&#243;gico&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o histol&#243;gica do CCC deve oferecer subs&#237;dios adicionais &#224; contagem de QAs e &#224;s escalas de qualidade de vida e aos escores cl&#237;nicos de gravidade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;35&#44;36</span></a> na compreens&#227;o dos fen&#244;menos subjacente ao CCC&#46; Esses achados est&#227;o sendo testados em ensaios cl&#237;nicos com tratamentos de campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o&#44; como terapia fotodin&#226;mica&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> mebutato de ingenol e 5&#8208;fluorouracil&#44; assim como de acordo com uma escala de gravidade de QAs&#44; em desenvolvimento por nosso grupo de estudo em CCC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vari&#225;veis morfom&#233;tricas e relativas &#224; textura da cromatina apresentaram diferen&#231;a na compara&#231;&#227;o da pele fotoexposta e fotoprotegida&#46; KIN&#44; p53 e Ki67 &#8211; conjuntamente &#8211; tornaram poss&#237;vel a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do CCC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anna Carolina Miola&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; Elabora&#231;&#227;o e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; Obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariana Anteghini Castilho&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; concep&#231;&#227;o e planejamento do estudo&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; obten&#231;&#227;o&#44; an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mariangela Esther Alencar Marques&#58; Aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Helio Amante Miot&#58; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o efetiva na orienta&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa&#59; participa&#231;&#227;o intelectual em conduta proped&#234;utica e&#47;ou terap&#234;utica de casos estudados&#59; revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica da literatura&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;neo &#40;CCC&#41; &#233; uma &#225;rea cut&#226;nea com altera&#231;&#245;es subcl&#237;nicas decorrentes da exposi&#231;&#227;o solar cr&#244;nica&#44; com maior predisposi&#231;&#227;o a desenvolvimento de les&#245;es pr&#233;&#8208;neopl&#225;sicas e neopl&#225;sicas&#46; At&#233; o momento&#44; n&#227;o h&#225; par&#226;metros objetivos bem definidos que possam indicar seu grau de atividade&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descrever e comparar aspectos morfom&#233;tricos e express&#227;o de fatores ligados &#224; apoptose e &#224; prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular em queratoses act&#237;nicas &#40;QA&#41;&#44; epiderme fotoexposta e fotoprotegida&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#44; com pacientes portadores de queratose act&#237;nica nos membros superiores&#44; biopsiados em dois pontos&#58; queratose act&#237;nica e regi&#227;o axilar&#46; As bi&#243;psias de Q queratose act&#237;nica A&#44; &#225;rea perilesional e axila foram avaliadas por meio de KIN &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia</span>&#41;&#44; imuno&#8208;histoqu&#237;mica de p53&#44; survivina e Ki67&#46; Foi feita morfometria nuclear das c&#233;lulas da camada basal por meio de an&#225;lise de imagem digital&#58; entropia&#44; &#225;rea&#44; per&#237;metro&#44; Ra&#44; dimens&#227;o fractal&#44; circularidade&#44; intensidade de cor e maior di&#226;metro&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos&#160;13&#160;pacientes e amostradas&#160;38&#160;queratoses act&#237;nicas&#46; Na morfometria&#44; foram analisados 1&#46;039 n&#250;cleos&#44; dos quais 228 representavam pele &#237;ntegra axilar&#44; 396 das queratose act&#237;nica e 415<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da &#225;rea perilesional &#224; queratose act&#237;nica&#46; Houve diferen&#231;a significativa &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41; em todas as vari&#225;veis testadas para as topografias avaliadas&#46; Identificaram&#8208;se correla&#231;&#227;o significativa entre os elementos morfom&#233;tricos nucelares&#44; KIN&#44; marcadores de prolifera&#231;&#227;o e apoptose&#46; Padr&#245;es conjuntos de p53&#44; Ki67 e KIN discriminaram as topografias amostradas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal&#44; com pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">H&#225; padr&#245;es de prolifera&#231;&#227;o&#44; resist&#234;ncia &#224; apoptose e morfom&#233;tricos celulares diferentes entre pele fotoprotegida e pele fotoexposta&#46; A express&#227;o conjunta de p53&#44; Ki67 e o KIN pode caracterizar a atividade do campo de canceriza&#231;&#227;o cut&#226;neo&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">178&#44;52 &#40;152&#44;27&#8211;213&#44;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Circularidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;81 &#40;0&#44;75&#8211;0&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74 &#40;0&#44;71&#8211;0&#44;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;73 &#40;0&#44;69&#8211;0&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Maior di&#226;metro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#44;69 &#40;48&#44;96&#8211;52&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56&#44;62 &#40;54&#44;15&#8211;69&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#44;11 &#40;54&#44;17&#8211;74&#44;93&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mediana da cor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33&#44;94 &#40;30&#44;22&#8211;35&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39&#44;19 &#40;31&#44;59&#8211;43&#44;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43&#44;64 &#40;36&#44;12&#8211;50&#44;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Entropia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;30 &#40;5&#44;17&#8211;5&#44;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;26 &#40;5&#44;18&#8211;5&#44;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;34 &#40;5&#44;26&#8211;5&#44;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1346&#44;55 &#40;988&#44;80&#8211;2026&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2181&#44;88 &#40;1601&#44;59&#8211;7777&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3579&#44;69 &#40;1744&#44;43&#8211;8115&#44;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dimens&#227;o fractal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;45 &#40;2&#44;44&#8211;2&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;46 &#40;2&#44;45&#8211;2&#44;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;47 &#40;2&#44;45&#8211;2&#44;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18&#44;68 &#40;14&#44;29&#8211;26&#44;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;98 &#40;17&#44;59&#8211;29&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#44;07 &#40;35&#44;03&#8211;51&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Survivina suprabasal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;58 &#40;6&#44;71&#8211;15&#44;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#44;57 &#40;10&#44;06&#8211;28&#44;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38&#44;16 &#40;23&#44;22&#8211;46&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">p53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;81 &#40;5&#44;38&#8211;20&#44;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;88 &#40;16&#44;83&#8211;37&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">65&#44;35 &#40;54&#44;64&#8211;79&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Porcentagem de c&#233;lulas que expressam survivina&#44; p53 e Ki67 nas QA&#44; pele fotoexposta e pele fotoprotegida&#46; Todas as vari&#225;veis resultaram em p &#60; 0&#44;05</p>"
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    ]
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      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
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          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:37 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium&#59; clinical implications of multicentric origin"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46;P&#46; Slaughter"
                            1 => "H&#46;W&#46; Southwick"
                            2 => "W&#46; Smejkal"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/1097-0142(195309)6:5<963::aid-cncr2820060515>3.0.co;2-q"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1953"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "963"
                        "paginaFinal" => "968"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13094644"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Defining the actinic keratosis field&#58; a literature review and discussion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Figueras Nart"
                            1 => "R&#46; Cerio"
                            2 => "T&#46; Dirschka"
                            3 => "B&#46; Dr&#233;no"
                            4 => "J&#46;T&#46; Lear"
                            5 => "G&#46; Pellacani"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/jdv.14652"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "544"
                        "paginaFinal" => "563"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055153"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cutaneous field cancerization&#58; clinical&#44; histopathological and therapeutic aspects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Torezan"
                            1 => "C&#46; Festa-Neto"
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                    ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132300"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Bras Dermatol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "775"
                        "paginaFinal" => "786"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
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                      "titulo" => "The reliability of counting actinic keratosis"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ianhez"
                            1 => "L&#46;F&#46; Fleury Junior"
                            2 => "E&#46; Bagatin"
                            3 => "H&#46;A&#46; Miot"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00403-013-1413-y"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol Res&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "305"
                        "paginaInicial" => "841"
                        "paginaFinal" => "844"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparative study of the clinical&#44; histological&#44; and biological characteristics of squamous cell carcinomas in areas previously treated with photodynamic therapy"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            1 => "N&#46; Salazar"
                            2 => "J&#46; Vera-&#193;lvarez"
                            3 => "S&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                            4 => "A&#46; Juarranz"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Gilaberte"
                          ]
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1684/ejd.2017.3131"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
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