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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Case report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 38-year-old female patient was referred to the Dermatology Service for the evaluation of nodular lesions present since adolescence&#44; with progressive growth&#46; On physical examination&#44; she had ten soft&#44; normochromic nodules&#44; distributed on the trunk and limbs&#44; compatible with neurofibromas&#46; She also had a lesion measuring 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter&#44; on the back of the left thigh&#44; compatible with a plexiform neurofibroma&#44; and four <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caf&#233;-au-lait</span> macules&#44; measuring 1 to 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in diameter&#44; distributed on the trunk&#46; She had no axillary or inguinal freckling&#46; She denied a history of visual or bone alterations&#46; She reported a history of cognitive impairment&#44; which had not been objectively assessed&#44; and a paternal family history of similar skin lesions&#44; without a diagnosis and no possibility of objective assessment at that time&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At this time&#44; the patient had several findings suggestive of neurofibromatosis type 1&#59; however&#44; she still did not meet the diagnostic criteria of the National Institutes of Health &#40;NIH&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The authors then observed that the patient had light-colored irises&#44; with some brown spots &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Iris dermoscopy was performed&#44; in which brownish-yellow nodules were observed bilaterally&#44; compatible with Lisch nodules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; The combination of these clinical findings allowed the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1&#44; according to the NIH criteria&#46; The patient was referred for multidisciplinary evaluation with the Genetics&#44; Neurology&#44; Ophthalmology&#44; and Surgical teams&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Discussion</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of neurofibromatosis usually requires a multidisciplinary team&#44; in which the role of the dermatologist is essential&#46; It is based on the NIH clinical criteria and generally does not require genetic testing&#46; These criteria are highly sensitive and specific&#44; except in very young children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Early diagnosis of this genodermatosis is important for the monitoring of lesions and preventing complications&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lisch nodules are well-defined melanocytic iris hamartomas&#44; with a dome appearance&#44; light brown color&#44; and do not cause any visual alterations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> They usually appear between two and six years of age and are present in more than 90&#37; of adult patients with neurofibromatosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Eventually&#44; they may be visible to the naked eye&#44; especially if the iris is light in color and the nodules are large and numerous&#44; but evaluation with visual enlargement is recommended&#46; Traditionally&#44; ophthalmic examination with a slit lamp is performed&#59; recently&#44; the possibility of detection through dermoscopy has been described&#44; including in brown eyes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The observation of Lisch nodules can be especially useful in young children with multiple <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caf&#233;-au-lait</span> macules and no family history of neurofibromatosis&#44; as they appear before the neurofibromas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Evaluation by an ophthalmologist is indicated to differentiate them from granulomatous iritis and from iris mammillations&#44; nevi&#44; and iris melanoma&#59; as well as for the diagnosis of tumors associated with neurofibromatosis&#44; which can cause visual alterations&#44; such as optic pathway gliomas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4</span></a> Additionally&#44; the presence of Lisch nodules is characteristic of neurofibromatosis type 1&#44; being absent in neurofibromatosis type 2&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the report of an adult patient with neurofibromas and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caf&#233;-au-lait</span> macules&#44; but without a previous diagnosis&#44; for which the observation of Lisch nodules through dermoscopy was important for the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1&#46; Therefore&#44; the authors highlight that dermoscopy can be an auxiliary tool for the dermatologist to assess cutaneous and the ocular lesions of this genodermatosis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Financial support</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luciana Pavan Antoniolli&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laura de Mattos Milman&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renan Rangel Bonamigo&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of studied cases&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Neurofibromatosis is a common genodermatosis&#44; whose diagnosis often involves the participation of a dermatologist&#46; A case of a 38-year-old female patient with four <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caf&#233;-au-lait</span> macules and eleven neurofibromas on clinical examination is presented&#46; Dermoscopy allowed the identification of Lisch nodules in the iris&#44; bilaterally&#46; The combination of these findings allowed the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1&#44; according to NIH criteria&#46; Lisch nodules are melanocytic hamartomas of the iris&#44; which must be evaluated through a visual augmentation method&#44; usually employed in ophthalmology&#46; Alternatively&#44; dermoscopy can be used and contribute to the early diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1&#46;</p></span>"
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      0 => array:2 [
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">How to cite this article&#58; Antoniolli LP&#44; Milman LM&#44; Bonamigo RR&#46; Dermoscopy of the iris&#58; identification of Lisch nodules and contribution to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2021&#59;96&#58;487&#8211;9&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Study conducted at the Dermatology Service&#44; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre&#44; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul&#44; Porto Alegre&#44; RS&#44; Brazil&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To the naked eye&#58; Possible brownish-yellow spots on the iris&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopy with polarized light&#58; Lisch nodules on the iris &#40;brownish-yellow lesions of varying hues&#44; with wide distribution&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46; Six or more <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">caf&#233; au lait</span> macules&#58; &#62;0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm of extension in children or &#62;1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in adult patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46; Two or more cutaneous&#47;subcutaneous neurofibromas or one plexiform neurofibroma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46; Axillary or groin freckling&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46; Optic pathway glioma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46; Two or more Lisch nodules &#40;pigmented iris hamartomas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46; A characteristic bone lesion&#44; such as sphenoid bone dysplasia or thinning of the long bones of the cortex&#44; with or without pseudoarthrosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46; First degree relative with neurofibromatosis type 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> &#40;National Institutes of Health&#44; 1990&#41;</p>"
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