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ACP Journal Club&#44; and Database of Abstracts of Review of Effectiveness from their inception dates to August 2019&#46; Search terms used were the following&#58; &#8220;pemphigus foliaceus&#44;&#8221; &#8220;pemphigus vulgaris&#44;&#8221; or &#8220;pemphigus&#8221; in conjunction with &#8220;systemic lupus erythematosus&#44;&#8221; &#8220;lupus&#44;&#8221; or &#8220;SLE&#46;&#8221; Studies included compared SLE cases in pemphigus patients <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> controls&#46; Pemphigus cases included its subtypes &#40;pemphigus vulgaris&#44; pemphigus vegetans&#44; pemphigus foliaceus&#44; pemphigus erythematosus&#44; and drug-induced pemphigus&#41;&#46; Studies were excluded if clinical diagnosis was not determined by either direct or indirect immunofluorescence staining or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay&#46; Case reports&#44; reviews&#44; and studies without controls were also excluded&#46; The odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; was calculated using a random effects model considering the baseline study heterogeneity as assessed with the I statistic&#46; As a supplemental statistic&#44; the number needed to treat &#40;NNT&#41; was calculated using the OR and the prevalence rate of SLE in North America &#40;241&#47;100&#44;000 people&#44; 0&#46;241&#37;&#41; as a surrogate for the patient expected event rate &#40;PEER&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Review Manager v&#46; 5&#46;3 &#40;Cochrane Collaboration &#8211; Oxford&#44; United Kingdom&#41; was the statistical software used&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were 661 references identified&#59; after exclusion of duplicate or irrelevant references&#44; four studies were included &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;5</span></a> A statistically significant association between pemphigus and SLE was noted &#40;OR&#8201;&#61;&#8201;2&#46;16&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;09&#8211;4&#46;25&#44; p&#8201;&#61;&#8201;0&#46;03&#41;&#44; with heterogeneity &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 50&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The NNT was calculated as 405 using North American SLE prevalence rates as a surrogate for PEER and the OR of 2&#46;16&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An autoimmune diathesis describes the association of autoimmune conditions with one another&#46; Although literature describing co-existence of pemphigus with SLE are limited&#44; pemphigus erythematosus &#40;also known as Senear-Usher syndrome&#41;&#44; an overlap syndrome between pemphigus vulgaris &#40;PV&#41; and SLE&#44; was described in 1926&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This may highlight an underlying pathophysiologic link between the conditions&#46; Serologic studies demonstrate that one-third of PV cases display ANA-positivity with homogenous pattern&#44; which is associated with active SLE&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Furthermore&#44; a recent genome-wide association study identified novel CD4&#43; T-cells pathways between pemphigus and SLE in addition to characterizing IRF8 and STAT1 as key regulatory genes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Both pemphigus and SLE display many antibodies&#46; A proposed mechanism between such autoimmune conditions is epitope spreading&#44; wherein the initial autoinflammatory response exposes new antigens&#44; feeding into a subsequent autoimmune reaction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Limitations of this study include lack of data concerning immunopathological subtypes&#44; clinical features&#44; disease severity&#44; chronology of diagnoses &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e&#46;</span>&#44; which diagnosis preceded the other&#41;&#44; treatment-related information&#44; and a true PEER value to obtain a more accurate NNT&#46; Additionally&#44; different study types&#44; cohort sizes&#44; and patient demographics may influence statistics&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; an association was found between pemphigus and SLE&#44; albeit an uncommon clinical occurrence&#46; Nevertheless&#44; clinicians caring for patients with pemphigus should be aware of this association and further research is required to elucidate the molecular basis of this association&#44; more specifically specify its clinical significance and prevalence&#44; and possibly identify optimal therapeutic strategies for patients with coexistence of both conditions&#46;</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vignesh Ramachandran&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kevin Phan&#58; Statistical analysis&#59; approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Saxon D&#46; Smith&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">How to cite this article&#58; Ramachandran V&#44; Phan K&#44; Smith SD&#46; Association between pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2021&#59;96&#58;243&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Study conducted at the Department of Dermatology&#44; Liverpool Hospital&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia and at the University of New&#44; South Wales&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Forest plot representing the association between pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus &#40;p&#8201;&#61;&#8201;0&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; Journal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Title&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of controls&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chiu&#44; Eur J Dermatol&#46; 2017 Aug 1&#59;27&#40;4&#41;&#58;375-381&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus&#58; a nationwide case-control study in Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Case-control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;998&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;992&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hsu&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2016 Jun&#59; 174&#40;6&#41;&#58;1290-8&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbidities and inpatient mortality for pemphigus in the United States&#46;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">USA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;406&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#44;033&#44;305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kridin&#44; J Am Acad Dermatol&#46; 2017 Dec&#59; 77&#40;6&#41;&#58;1174-1175&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Association between pemphigus and psoriasis&#58; A population-based large-scale study&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Israel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional &#38; meta-analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;874&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Parameswaran&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2015 Mar&#59; 172&#40;3&#41;&#58;729-38&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Identification of a new disease cluster of pemphigus vulgaris with autoimmune thyroid disease&#44; rheumatoid arthritis&#44; and type I diabetes&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Global &#40;primarily United States&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional &#38; meta-analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">General population statistics &#40;Center for Disease Control and Prevention&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Research Letter
Association between pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Vignesh Ramachandrana,
Autor para correspondência
vig.ramachandran@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Kevin Phanb,c, Saxon D. Smithd
a Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
b Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
c University of New, South Wales, Sydney, Australia
d Department of Dermatology, The Dermatology & Skin Cancer Centre, Sydney, Australia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pemphigus defines a group of IgG-mediated autoimmune conditions targeting the squamous epithelium of skin and oral mucosa manifesting as intraepidermal blisters and erosions&#44; which can be severely debilitating&#46; The autoimmune etiology and chronicity of pemphigus disorders have spurred investigation into its association with other autoimmune conditions&#46; Some studies note co-existence of pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus &#40;SLE&#41;&#46; Whether a true association exists or not is unknown&#46; The authors present a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between pemphigus and SLE&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following PRISMA guidelines&#44; searches were performed using PubMed&#44; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials&#44; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews&#44; Ovid MEDLINE&#44; ACP Journal Club&#44; and Database of Abstracts of Review of Effectiveness from their inception dates to August 2019&#46; Search terms used were the following&#58; &#8220;pemphigus foliaceus&#44;&#8221; &#8220;pemphigus vulgaris&#44;&#8221; or &#8220;pemphigus&#8221; in conjunction with &#8220;systemic lupus erythematosus&#44;&#8221; &#8220;lupus&#44;&#8221; or &#8220;SLE&#46;&#8221; Studies included compared SLE cases in pemphigus patients <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> controls&#46; Pemphigus cases included its subtypes &#40;pemphigus vulgaris&#44; pemphigus vegetans&#44; pemphigus foliaceus&#44; pemphigus erythematosus&#44; and drug-induced pemphigus&#41;&#46; Studies were excluded if clinical diagnosis was not determined by either direct or indirect immunofluorescence staining or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay&#46; Case reports&#44; reviews&#44; and studies without controls were also excluded&#46; The odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; was calculated using a random effects model considering the baseline study heterogeneity as assessed with the I statistic&#46; As a supplemental statistic&#44; the number needed to treat &#40;NNT&#41; was calculated using the OR and the prevalence rate of SLE in North America &#40;241&#47;100&#44;000 people&#44; 0&#46;241&#37;&#41; as a surrogate for the patient expected event rate &#40;PEER&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Review Manager v&#46; 5&#46;3 &#40;Cochrane Collaboration &#8211; Oxford&#44; United Kingdom&#41; was the statistical software used&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were 661 references identified&#59; after exclusion of duplicate or irrelevant references&#44; four studies were included &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;5</span></a> A statistically significant association between pemphigus and SLE was noted &#40;OR&#8201;&#61;&#8201;2&#46;16&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;09&#8211;4&#46;25&#44; p&#8201;&#61;&#8201;0&#46;03&#41;&#44; with heterogeneity &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 50&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The NNT was calculated as 405 using North American SLE prevalence rates as a surrogate for PEER and the OR of 2&#46;16&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An autoimmune diathesis describes the association of autoimmune conditions with one another&#46; Although literature describing co-existence of pemphigus with SLE are limited&#44; pemphigus erythematosus &#40;also known as Senear-Usher syndrome&#41;&#44; an overlap syndrome between pemphigus vulgaris &#40;PV&#41; and SLE&#44; was described in 1926&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This may highlight an underlying pathophysiologic link between the conditions&#46; Serologic studies demonstrate that one-third of PV cases display ANA-positivity with homogenous pattern&#44; which is associated with active SLE&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Furthermore&#44; a recent genome-wide association study identified novel CD4&#43; T-cells pathways between pemphigus and SLE in addition to characterizing IRF8 and STAT1 as key regulatory genes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Both pemphigus and SLE display many antibodies&#46; A proposed mechanism between such autoimmune conditions is epitope spreading&#44; wherein the initial autoinflammatory response exposes new antigens&#44; feeding into a subsequent autoimmune reaction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Limitations of this study include lack of data concerning immunopathological subtypes&#44; clinical features&#44; disease severity&#44; chronology of diagnoses &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e&#46;</span>&#44; which diagnosis preceded the other&#41;&#44; treatment-related information&#44; and a true PEER value to obtain a more accurate NNT&#46; Additionally&#44; different study types&#44; cohort sizes&#44; and patient demographics may influence statistics&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; an association was found between pemphigus and SLE&#44; albeit an uncommon clinical occurrence&#46; Nevertheless&#44; clinicians caring for patients with pemphigus should be aware of this association and further research is required to elucidate the molecular basis of this association&#44; more specifically specify its clinical significance and prevalence&#44; and possibly identify optimal therapeutic strategies for patients with coexistence of both conditions&#46;</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vignesh Ramachandran&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kevin Phan&#58; Statistical analysis&#59; approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Saxon D&#46; Smith&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-02-07"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-07-23"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">How to cite this article&#58; Ramachandran V&#44; Phan K&#44; Smith SD&#46; Association between pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2021&#59;96&#58;243&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Study conducted at the Department of Dermatology&#44; Liverpool Hospital&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia and at the University of New&#44; South Wales&#44; Sydney&#44; Australia&#46;</p>"
      ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Forest plot representing the association between pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus &#40;p&#8201;&#61;&#8201;0&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; Journal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Title&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Location&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of cases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of controls&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chiu&#44; Eur J Dermatol&#46; 2017 Aug 1&#59;27&#40;4&#41;&#58;375-381&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus&#58; a nationwide case-control study in Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Taiwan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case-control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;998&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;992&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hsu&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2016 Jun&#59; 174&#40;6&#41;&#58;1290-8&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Comorbidities and inpatient mortality for pemphigus in the United States&#46;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">USA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;406&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#44;033&#44;305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kridin&#44; J Am Acad Dermatol&#46; 2017 Dec&#59; 77&#40;6&#41;&#58;1174-1175&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Association between pemphigus and psoriasis&#58; A population-based large-scale study&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Israel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional &#38; meta-analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;985&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;874&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Parameswaran&#44; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2015 Mar&#59; 172&#40;3&#41;&#58;729-38&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Identification of a new disease cluster of pemphigus vulgaris with autoimmune thyroid disease&#44; rheumatoid arthritis&#44; and type I diabetes&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Global &#40;primarily United States&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cross-sectional &#38; meta-analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">General population statistics &#40;Center for Disease Control and Prevention&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                      "titulo" => "The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus&#58; a systematic review of epidemiological studies"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
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                      "titulo" => "Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with pemphigus&#58; a nationwide case-control study in Taiwan"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;W&#46; Chiu"
                            1 => "Y&#46;D&#46; Chen"
                            2 => "T&#46;C&#46; Hua"
                            3 => "C&#46;H&#46; Wu"
                            4 => "H&#46;N&#46; Liu"
                            5 => "Y&#46;T&#46; Chang"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1684/ejd.2017.3060"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Dermatol&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Comorbidities and inpatient mortality for pemphigus in the U&#46;S&#46;A"
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ISSN: 03650596
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