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many of which increased in size and ulcerated during the period of FDC application&#46; Most ulcers were oval&#44; some showing overhanging borders&#44; whereas large ulcers frequently adopted the pattern of striae &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 2</a> A&#8722;B&#41;&#46; All ulcers were painful and were restricted to the striae&#46; There was evidence of steroid-modified tinea corporis and history of erratic intake of oral antifungal drugs in all patients&#46; Routine investigations were normal&#44; including morning and evening serum cortisol levels&#46; No biopsies were performed in view of the obvious clinical diagnosis and the possibility of delayed healing of TCS treated striae&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Discussion</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature on ulcerated striae &#40;US&#41; is scarce&#44; and the majority of case reports implicate bevacuzimab&#44; an anti-VEGF drug&#44; used with high dose systemic corticosteroids&#44; in the treatment of invasive brain tumors such glioblastomas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Use of potent systemic or topical corticosteroids alone have also been implicated occasionally&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Though not very common&#44; the authors believe that the onset of US as a side effect of potent and super-potent topical steroids is underreported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Such creams are most frequently available as FDC&#44; even over the counter&#44; and are extensively misused in the treatment of superficial fungal infections in South Asia&#44; Africa&#44; and in many developing countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors cite some old reports for their specific clinical relevance in the presents cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a> Association of striae with steroid containing FDCs &#40;triamcinolone&#44; neomycin&#44; gramicidin&#44; or nystatin&#41; dates back to 1963&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Their predilection for warm&#44; moist places prone to friction is known&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a> They have been observed to occur as early as three weeks of application of TCS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a> Steroid-induced striae are wider than common SD&#46; Some preexistent striae are known to enlarge upon application of TCS and new striae are observed to appear even after discontinuation of the cream&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathological changes in striae include epidermal atrophy&#44; loss of rete ridges&#44; increased vascularity in striae rubra&#44; less vascularity in striae alba&#44; and dermal changes in extracellular matrix and fibrillary component of collagen and elastin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> However&#44; the pathologic steps underlying ulceration in striae have not been elucidated&#46; Interestingly&#44; steroids are known to have anti-VEGF properties&#44; similarly to bevacizumab&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> While twelve cases of bevacizumab in combination with systemic steroids are reported in the English literature&#44; both drugs individually can cause ulceration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> The authors hypothesize that long-term application of a potent topical steroid such as clobetasol may lead to slow ischemia&#44; on account of its vasoconstrictive and anti-VEGF properties&#44; leading to ulceration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> The well-documented features of profound epidermal atrophy&#44; high degree of vascularity&#44; limited elasticity&#44; and reduced tensile strength of steroid induced striae reinforce this hypothesis&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the authors presented four cases of patients with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tinea corporis</span> and US induced by FDCs containing clobetasol propionate&#44; which are widely misused in India&#46; The authors believe this is an underreported side effect of the FDCs that are fueling the epidemic-like situation of tinea corporis in India&#46; Drug policy makers need to regulate permissions to manufacture and sell such hazardous and often irrational creams&#46; It is also time for agencies such as the World Health Organization to look into this menace&#46; Finally&#44; the mechanism of ulceration of steroid induced striae needs to be further studied and elucidated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Financial support</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Shyam B&#46; Verma&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; manuscript critical review&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bhushan Madke&#58; Preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; manuscript critical review&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Images in Dermatology
Topical corticosteroid induced ulcerated striae
Shyam B. Vermaa,
Autor para correspondência
skindiaverma@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Bhushan Madkeb
a Nirvan Skin Clinic, Makarpura, Vadodara, India
b Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Case report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors report four cases of ulcerated striae following misuse of fixed-dose combinations &#40;FDC&#41; creams containing clobetasol propionate with antifungal and antibacterial agents&#46; The present cases were overweight&#44; between 27&#8239;&#8722;&#8239;40 years of age&#44; and exhibited wide striae with secondary ulcerations&#46; Three patients developed them after applying the implicated FDC creams for four months&#44; five weeks&#44; and five months&#44; respectively &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1</a> A&#8722;B&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">2</a>A&#41;&#46; The fourth patient &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B&#41; had preexisting striae following two pregnancies&#44; many of which increased in size and ulcerated during the period of FDC application&#46; Most ulcers were oval&#44; some showing overhanging borders&#44; whereas large ulcers frequently adopted the pattern of striae &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 2</a> A&#8722;B&#41;&#46; All ulcers were painful and were restricted to the striae&#46; There was evidence of steroid-modified tinea corporis and history of erratic intake of oral antifungal drugs in all patients&#46; Routine investigations were normal&#44; including morning and evening serum cortisol levels&#46; No biopsies were performed in view of the obvious clinical diagnosis and the possibility of delayed healing of TCS treated striae&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Discussion</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature on ulcerated striae &#40;US&#41; is scarce&#44; and the majority of case reports implicate bevacuzimab&#44; an anti-VEGF drug&#44; used with high dose systemic corticosteroids&#44; in the treatment of invasive brain tumors such glioblastomas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Use of potent systemic or topical corticosteroids alone have also been implicated occasionally&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Though not very common&#44; the authors believe that the onset of US as a side effect of potent and super-potent topical steroids is underreported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Such creams are most frequently available as FDC&#44; even over the counter&#44; and are extensively misused in the treatment of superficial fungal infections in South Asia&#44; Africa&#44; and in many developing countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors cite some old reports for their specific clinical relevance in the presents cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a> Association of striae with steroid containing FDCs &#40;triamcinolone&#44; neomycin&#44; gramicidin&#44; or nystatin&#41; dates back to 1963&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Their predilection for warm&#44; moist places prone to friction is known&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;6</span></a> They have been observed to occur as early as three weeks of application of TCS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a> Steroid-induced striae are wider than common SD&#46; Some preexistent striae are known to enlarge upon application of TCS and new striae are observed to appear even after discontinuation of the cream&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathological changes in striae include epidermal atrophy&#44; loss of rete ridges&#44; increased vascularity in striae rubra&#44; less vascularity in striae alba&#44; and dermal changes in extracellular matrix and fibrillary component of collagen and elastin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> However&#44; the pathologic steps underlying ulceration in striae have not been elucidated&#46; Interestingly&#44; steroids are known to have anti-VEGF properties&#44; similarly to bevacizumab&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> While twelve cases of bevacizumab in combination with systemic steroids are reported in the English literature&#44; both drugs individually can cause ulceration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> The authors hypothesize that long-term application of a potent topical steroid such as clobetasol may lead to slow ischemia&#44; on account of its vasoconstrictive and anti-VEGF properties&#44; leading to ulceration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> The well-documented features of profound epidermal atrophy&#44; high degree of vascularity&#44; limited elasticity&#44; and reduced tensile strength of steroid induced striae reinforce this hypothesis&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the authors presented four cases of patients with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tinea corporis</span> and US induced by FDCs containing clobetasol propionate&#44; which are widely misused in India&#46; The authors believe this is an underreported side effect of the FDCs that are fueling the epidemic-like situation of tinea corporis in India&#46; Drug policy makers need to regulate permissions to manufacture and sell such hazardous and often irrational creams&#46; It is also time for agencies such as the World Health Organization to look into this menace&#46; Finally&#44; the mechanism of ulceration of steroid induced striae needs to be further studied and elucidated&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Financial support</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Shyam B&#46; Verma&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; manuscript critical review&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bhushan Madke&#58; Preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; manuscript critical review&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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