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occupying the entire thickness of the dermis&#44; but without the presence of fungi and acid-fast bacilli &#8211; AFB &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium fortuitum</span> was isolated from sample culture on Middlebrook 7H12&#46; Serologies for HIV&#44; hepatitis B and C&#44; and syphilis were all negative&#46; After confirmation of the etiologic agent&#44; treatment with clarithromycin &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;day&#41; and levofloxacin &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;day&#41; was implemented&#44; with posterior change of this last medication to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim &#40;1200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;240<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg every 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&#44; due to gastrointestinal intolerance&#44; leading to complete regression of lesion after 6 months &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atypical mycobacteria&#44; also known as MOTT &#40;mycobacteria other than tuberculosis&#41;&#44; are acid-fast bacilli with slow growth in culture and very peculiar behavior&#46; MOTT may be saprophytic or found in animals&#44; water and moist places&#46; Atypical mycobacterioses correspond to 10&#37; of mycobacterial infections and preferentially affect immunocompromised individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The rapidly growing mycobacteria &#40;RGM&#41;&#44; known by their one-week culture growth&#44; can be found in various sites&#46; The most relevant species are&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; fortuitum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; chelonae</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; abscessus&#46; M&#46; fortuitum</span> is related with hospital infections in immunocompromised patients&#44; leading to pulmonary&#44; soft tissue and bone infections&#46; Cutaneous involvement is more related to postoperative situations and invasive cosmetic procedures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The present case corresponds to cutaneous infection by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; fortuitum</span> in an immunocompetent patient&#44; acquired at home&#44; probably by a trauma in an humid area&#46; Differential diagnosis is made with swimming-pool granuloma&#44; caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; marinum</span>&#44; due to the circumstances in which the infection was acquired&#44; but culture allowed to the definitive etiology&#46; The diagnosis of atypical mycobacterioses is made through the isolation of the agent in culture&#44; since radiological&#44; histopathological and clinical examinations are often inconclusive&#46; The history of long-standing infection&#44; without improvement after different treatments&#44; can lead to clinical suspicion&#46; The follow-up includes long-term broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment&#46; The macrolide group in combination with quinolones is one of the most recommended regimens&#44; sometimes requiring surgical intervention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> The present report reinforces the importance in considering atypical mycobacterioses among the differential diagnoses of traumatic cutaneous lesions&#44; especially when they tend to chronicity&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dimitri Luz Felipe da Silva&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; obtaining&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of the data&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Let&#237;cia dos Santos Valandro&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho&#58; Intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Andr&#233;a Fernandes Eloy da Costa Fran&#231;a&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Financial support</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case Letter
Atypical cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by M. fortuitum acquired in domestic environment
Dimitri Luz Felipe da Silva
Autor para correspondência
dimitriluzfs@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Letícia dos Santos Valandro, Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho, Andréa Fernandes Eloy da Costa França
Department of Medical Clinic, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A previously healthy caucasian woman&#44; 54 years old&#44; came to dermatology outpatient clinic with an erythematous nodulocystic lesion&#44; about 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#44; with no drainage ostium&#44; located on the dorsal surface of the 4th finger&#59; associated with pain&#44; edema and warmth &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The injury arised four days after local trauma while cleaning her home bathroom&#46; She denied fever&#44; or systemic symptom&#46; There was no improvement despite the use of oral antibiotics and corticosteroids&#46; The hypothesis of pheohyphomycosis&#44; sporotrichosis and atypical mycobacteriosis were considered&#46; Biopsy of the lesion and culture of the liquid content were performed&#46; The anatomopathological analysis showed an organized chronic inflammatory process&#44; occupying the entire thickness of the dermis&#44; but without the presence of fungi and acid-fast bacilli &#8211; AFB &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium fortuitum</span> was isolated from sample culture on Middlebrook 7H12&#46; Serologies for HIV&#44; hepatitis B and C&#44; and syphilis were all negative&#46; After confirmation of the etiologic agent&#44; treatment with clarithromycin &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;day&#41; and levofloxacin &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;day&#41; was implemented&#44; with posterior change of this last medication to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim &#40;1200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;240<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg every 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&#44; due to gastrointestinal intolerance&#44; leading to complete regression of lesion after 6 months &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atypical mycobacteria&#44; also known as MOTT &#40;mycobacteria other than tuberculosis&#41;&#44; are acid-fast bacilli with slow growth in culture and very peculiar behavior&#46; MOTT may be saprophytic or found in animals&#44; water and moist places&#46; Atypical mycobacterioses correspond to 10&#37; of mycobacterial infections and preferentially affect immunocompromised individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The rapidly growing mycobacteria &#40;RGM&#41;&#44; known by their one-week culture growth&#44; can be found in various sites&#46; The most relevant species are&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; fortuitum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; chelonae</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; abscessus&#46; M&#46; fortuitum</span> is related with hospital infections in immunocompromised patients&#44; leading to pulmonary&#44; soft tissue and bone infections&#46; Cutaneous involvement is more related to postoperative situations and invasive cosmetic procedures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The present case corresponds to cutaneous infection by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; fortuitum</span> in an immunocompetent patient&#44; acquired at home&#44; probably by a trauma in an humid area&#46; Differential diagnosis is made with swimming-pool granuloma&#44; caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; marinum</span>&#44; due to the circumstances in which the infection was acquired&#44; but culture allowed to the definitive etiology&#46; The diagnosis of atypical mycobacterioses is made through the isolation of the agent in culture&#44; since radiological&#44; histopathological and clinical examinations are often inconclusive&#46; The history of long-standing infection&#44; without improvement after different treatments&#44; can lead to clinical suspicion&#46; The follow-up includes long-term broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment&#46; The macrolide group in combination with quinolones is one of the most recommended regimens&#44; sometimes requiring surgical intervention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> The present report reinforces the importance in considering atypical mycobacterioses among the differential diagnoses of traumatic cutaneous lesions&#44; especially when they tend to chronicity&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dimitri Luz Felipe da Silva&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; obtaining&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of the data&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Let&#237;cia dos Santos Valandro&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho&#58; Intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Andr&#233;a Fernandes Eloy da Costa Fran&#231;a&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Financial support</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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