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Quando comparados a indiv&#237;duos controle&#44; os pacientes com psor&#237;ase apresentam aumento da hiperlipidemia&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#44; doen&#231;a arterial coronariana&#44; diabetes tipo 2 e aumento do &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m dessas doen&#231;as sist&#234;micas&#44; o envolvimento ocular &#233; comum&#44; afetando 12&#37; dos casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Diminui&#231;&#227;o da acuidade visual corrigida&#44; pter&#237;gio&#44; catarata&#44; blefarite&#44; ceratite&#44; hiperemia conjuntival e olho seco foram relatados como sendo comuns em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; ceratite puntiforme e &#8220;derretimento da c&#243;rnea&#8221; foram relatados na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> Em processos inflamat&#243;rios que afetam a superf&#237;cie ocular&#44; a c&#243;rnea e o epit&#233;lio conjuntival tamb&#233;m s&#227;o potencialmente afetados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O epit&#233;lio corneano &#233; escamoso n&#227;o queratinizado que desempenha papel muito importante na prote&#231;&#227;o do olho e na manuten&#231;&#227;o de alta qualidade &#243;ptica&#44; pois &#233; a camada mais externa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8208;11</span></a> Verificou&#8208;se que o epit&#233;lio contribui isoladamente com 0&#44;85 D na refra&#231;&#227;o da c&#243;rnea na zona de 3&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de di&#226;metro&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica de dom&#237;nio espectral &#40;SD&#8208;OCT&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spectral&#8208;domain optical coherence tomography</span>&#41; &#233; uma t&#233;cnica sem contato que permite a mensura&#231;&#227;o da espessura epitelial corneana e avalia&#231;&#227;o precisa das camadas da c&#243;rnea com grande confiabilidade e repetibilidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;15</span></a> A SD&#8208;OCT &#233; amplamente utilizada em cl&#237;nicas oftalmol&#243;gicas atualmente&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O escore do &#237;ndice de &#225;rea e gravidade da psor&#237;ase &#40;PASI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">psoriasis area and severity index</span>&#41; &#233; um m&#233;todo objetivo que pontua a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; Para determinar o escore PASI&#44; a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal afetada&#44; eritema&#44; infiltra&#231;&#227;o e descama&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o avaliados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Por isso&#44; o escore PASI &#233; uma ferramenta complexa e demorada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se que a literatura n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos avaliando a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade da psor&#237;ase e a espessura do epit&#233;lio corneano&#46; No presente estudo&#44; os autores investigam a espessura do epit&#233;lio corneano por SD&#8208;OCT em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; classificados de acordo com o escore PASI&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos normais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo transversal de caso controle foi realizado com a aprova&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa M&#233;dica da University of Istinye &#40;registro de aprova&#231;&#227;o&#58; 2&#47;2021&#46;K&#8208;67&#41; de acordo com os princ&#237;pios &#233;ticos da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque&#46; Formul&#225;rios de consentimento por escrito foram recebidos de todos os participantes&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 175 olhos de 175 pacientes com psor&#237;ase e 57 olhos de 57 participantes saud&#225;veis &#40;grupo controle &#91;GC&#93;&#41; foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo&#46; Apenas os olhos direitos dos participantes foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo&#46; Todos os participantes foram submetidos a um exame ocular completo&#44; incluindo o teste de Schirmer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Dados demogr&#225;ficos e exames dos segmentos anterior e posterior foram registrados em todos os casos&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O mesmo especialista &#40;Aksoy B&#41; calculou e registrou o escore PASI de cada paciente&#46; Os pacientes com psor&#237;ase foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos de acordo com o escore PASI&#58; subgrupo leve &#40;PASI &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#44; subgrupo moderado &#40;PASI entre 10 e 20&#41; e subgrupo grave &#40;PASI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 20&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> O estudo excluiu indiv&#237;duos com hist&#243;ria anterior de trauma ou cirurgia ocular&#44; indiv&#237;duos com olho seco&#44; doen&#231;as da c&#243;rnea e conjuntiva ou doen&#231;as oculares ativas&#44; indiv&#237;duos que usaram anteriormente medica&#231;&#245;es oculares t&#243;picas de longa dura&#231;&#227;o e indiv&#237;duos que utilizavam lentes de contato&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As medidas da espessura epitelial corneana central &#40;EECC&#41; foram realizadas pelo mesmo dispositivo SD&#8208;OCT &#40;Optopol Technology sp&#46;zo&#46; Zawiercie&#44; Pol&#244;nia&#41;&#46; As medidas de OCT foram realizadas antes do exame oftalmol&#243;gico para evitar poss&#237;veis artefatos&#46; O mapeamento da espessura epitelial corneana dos pacientes foi obtido utilizando o modo de imagem da c&#243;rnea do dispositivo SD&#8208;OCT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Os valores da espessura do epit&#233;lio corneano foram examinados dentro de um c&#237;rculo de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de di&#226;metro&#46; O valor da espessura epitelial da &#225;rea central corneana de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de di&#226;metro foi definido como a espessura epitelial corneana central &#40;EECC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O mesmo especialista &#40;Gunes IB&#41; realizou todas as medidas&#46; As medidas foram realizadas entre as 9h00 e as 11h00 para evitar os efeitos da varia&#231;&#227;o diurna&#46; Os valores m&#233;dios da EECC nos grupos de psor&#237;ase leve&#44; moderada e grave foram comparados com os do grupo controle&#46; Os valores dos subgrupos de psor&#237;ase tamb&#233;m foram comparados&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> SPSS&#44; vers&#227;o 20&#46;0 foi utilizado na an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica de todos os dados&#46; Os testes de Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov e Shapiro&#8208;Wilk examinaram a compatibilidade de dados num&#233;ricos e a distribui&#231;&#227;o normal&#46; O teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney foi usado para dois grupos independentes&#44; e o teste H de Kruskal&#8208;Wallis foi usado para mais de dois grupos independentes que n&#227;o apresentaram distribui&#231;&#227;o normal&#46; Para detectar diferen&#231;as significantes entre mais de dois grupos independentes&#44; foi utilizada uma das an&#225;lises <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post&#8208;hoc</span>&#44; o teste U de Mann&#8208;Whitney com corre&#231;&#227;o de Bonferroni&#46; O teste de qui&#8208;quadrado foi utilizado na an&#225;lise das vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas entre si&#46; O coeficiente de Spearman foi utilizado nos testes de correla&#231;&#227;o&#46; Os resultados foram analisados com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; e p&#8208;valor &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo incluiu 232 olhos de 232 participantes&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade dos participantes foi de 43&#44;60 &#40;m&#237;n&#58; 17&#44; m&#225;x&#58; 88&#41;&#44; dos quais 57&#44;8&#37; eram do sexo feminino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>134&#41; e 42&#44;2&#37; do sexo masculino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>98&#41;&#46; Os pacientes foram divididos em tr&#234;s grupos&#44; de acordo com o escore PASI&#46; O grupo leve incluiu 64 olhos &#40;27&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; o grupo moderado incluiu 58 olhos &#40;25&#44;0&#37;&#41; e o grupo grave incluiu 53 olhos &#40;22&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; O grupo controle incluiu 57 olhos &#40;24&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significante na distribui&#231;&#227;o de idade e sexo entre os grupos do estudo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;103 e p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;242&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> mostra os dados demogr&#225;ficos dos grupos de pacientes e do grupo controle&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia foi de 58&#44;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo leve&#44; 60&#44;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo moderado&#44; 65&#44;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo grave e 56&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo controle&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os valores m&#233;dios da EECC apresentaram diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significante entre os grupos &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; A espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia no grupo controle foi significantemente menor do que em todos os grupos de psor&#237;ase &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Na an&#225;lise <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> realizada entre os grupos de psor&#237;ase&#44; o valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente menor no grupo leve em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo moderado &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;018&#41;&#44; e o valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente menor nos grupos leve e moderado em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo grave &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; houve forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o escore PASI&#44; que indica a gravidade da doen&#231;a e a espessura epitelial corneana &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;519&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a espessura epitelial corneana em pacientes com psor&#237;ase por meio da SD&#8208;OCT&#46; Estudos anteriores geralmente se concentravam em anormalidades no teste do olho seco e altera&#231;&#245;es oculares&#44; como uve&#237;te e blefarite na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;7</span></a> Ao contr&#225;rio de estudos anteriores&#44; o presente estudo avalia a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a espessura epitelial corneana e a gravidade da doen&#231;a em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversos estudos mostraram que a medida da EECC utilizando a SD&#8208;OCT&#44; sem contato com o olho&#44; &#233; confi&#225;vel e reprodut&#237;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;22&#44;23</span></a> A EECC m&#233;dia foi avaliada em estudos anteriores&#44; com a aplica&#231;&#227;o de citologia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">imprint</span>&#44; microscopia confocal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> ou ultrassonografia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;26</span></a> Diversos estudos utilizaram amplamente a SD&#8208;OCT&#44; beneficiando&#8208;se n&#227;o ser necess&#225;rio contato&#44; al&#233;m da precis&#227;o&#44; estabilidade e repetibilidade dos resultados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ostadian et al&#46; descobriram que o valor m&#233;dio da EECC da popula&#231;&#227;o normal &#233; de 56&#44;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m em medidas feitas por meio de SD&#8208;OCT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Semelhante a esse estudo&#44; a espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia foi de 56&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo controle do presente estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kanellopoulos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> relataram correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a espessura epitelial corneana e a idade&#46; Samy et al&#46; relataram que o valor da EECC diminui com a idade&#44; mas n&#227;o de acordo com o sexo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significantes na espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia de acordo com sexo e idade nos grupos de pacientes e no grupo controle&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos anteriores descreveram o envolvimento da c&#243;rnea na psor&#237;ase com ceratite pontilhada superficial&#44; opacidades&#44; eros&#245;es recorrentes&#44; &#250;lceras e cicatrizes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;8</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Her et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> mostraram que o olho seco &#233; comum em pacientes com psor&#237;ase e que o filme lacrimal nesses pacientes &#233; relativamente inst&#225;vel em virtude dos danos na superf&#237;cie ocular&#46; O mecanismo etiopatog&#234;nico da psor&#237;ase que afeta a superf&#237;cie ocular ainda n&#227;o foi esclarecido&#46; Neste estudo&#44; espessamento epitelial corneano foi observado em pacientes com psor&#237;ase sem comprometimento ocular por placas psori&#225;sicas&#46; O envolvimento ocular na psor&#237;ase sem placa psori&#225;sica pode ser o resultado do fen&#243;tipo psori&#225;sico&#44; que pode induzir processos inflamat&#243;rios imunomediados em outros &#243;rg&#227;os al&#233;m da pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O escore PASI &#233; um m&#233;todo objetivo que mostra a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; Para determinar o escore PASI&#44; s&#227;o avaliados a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal afetada&#44; eritema&#44; endurecimento e descama&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo dividiu os pacientes com psor&#237;ase em tr&#234;s grupos&#44; de acordo com os escores PASI&#44; em leve&#44; moderado e grave&#46; Ao comparar a espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia dos grupos de pacientes e do grupo controle&#44; observou&#8208;se que a espessura epitelial corneana era significativamente maior nos grupos de pacientes leves&#44; moderados e graves em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo controle&#46; Quando os grupos de pacientes foram avaliados entre si&#44; a espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia dos grupos moderado e grave foi significantemente maior do que no grupo leve&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva foi observada entre a gravidade da doen&#231;a e a espessura epitelial corneana &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;519&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo sobre a serina&#8208;protease semelhante &#224; tripsina&#44; marapsina&#44; enfatiza que a express&#227;o da marapsina &#233; encontrada apenas no tipo n&#227;o queratinizado do epit&#233;lio escamoso em humanos&#44; como es&#244;fago&#44; tonsila&#44; laringe&#44; colo do &#250;tero e c&#243;rnea&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Esses epit&#233;lios que expressam marapsina s&#227;o todos relativamente espessos&#44; t&#234;m taxa de renova&#231;&#227;o relativamente alta e n&#227;o s&#227;o queratinizados&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a marapsina n&#227;o &#233; expressa no epit&#233;lio queratinizado&#44; mas &#233; fortemente induzida quando a epiderme sofre hiperplasia e hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o&#44; como durante a reepiteliza&#231;&#227;o de feridas e na psor&#237;ase&#46; A express&#227;o da marapsina est&#225; associada &#224; diferencia&#231;&#227;o escamosa de queratin&#243;citos&#44; seja constitutivamente em epit&#233;lios n&#227;o queratinizados ou sob condi&#231;&#245;es de hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o e hiperplasia no epit&#233;lio queratinizado da epiderme&#46; Foi demonstrado que a marapsina &#233; fortemente regulada positivamente na epiderme hiperpl&#225;sica e hiperproliferativa na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Mais recentemente&#44; Adachi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> identificaram marapsina na c&#243;rnea de ratos&#44; o que est&#225; de acordo com estudo anterior de Wong et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> mostrando forte express&#227;o de mRNA da marapsina no olho de camundongos&#46; Em condi&#231;&#245;es normais&#44; o ciclo celular epid&#233;rmico &#233; conclu&#237;do em cerca de quatro semanas&#46; Na psor&#237;ase&#44; no entanto&#44; o ciclo celular epid&#233;rmico &#233; acelerado&#46; A divis&#227;o celular na camada basal ocorre a cada 1&#44;5 dias&#44; e a migra&#231;&#227;o dos queratin&#243;citos para o estrato c&#243;rneo ocorre em aproximadamente quatro dias&#46; Isso resulta na hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o de queratin&#243;citos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Aragona et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> mostraram que metaplasia escamosa estava presente na citologia por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">imprint</span> da superf&#237;cie ocular em pacientes com psor&#237;ase sem envolvimento ocular&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo encontrou espessamento epitelial corneano associado a psor&#237;ase sem envolvimento ocular&#46; Embora o envolvimento da superf&#237;cie ocular esteja ausente&#44; os autores acreditam que o aumento da express&#227;o de marapsina e a metaplasia escamosa no olho de pacientes com psor&#237;ase podem causar hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o e espessamento epitelial corneano em virtude do aumento da taxa de renova&#231;&#227;o epitelial&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As limita&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo s&#227;o as seguintes&#58; este &#233; um estudo transversal&#44; inclui n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de participantes e n&#227;o consegue avaliar os pacientes segundo o tempo de diagn&#243;stico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo mediu a espessura epitelial corneana utilizando SD&#8208;OCT sem contato e demonstrou correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a gravidade da psor&#237;ase e a EECC&#46; Os autores acreditam que a EECC pode ser um dos indicadores de gravidade da doen&#231;a em pacientes com psor&#237;ase e acreditam que os achados do presente estudo ser&#227;o confirmados por estudos prospectivos que incluam um grande n&#250;mero de participantes no futuro&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#304;rfan Botan G&#252;ne&#351;&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; primeira vers&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hakan &#214;zt&#252;rk&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fuat Yavrum&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bediz &#214;zen&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bern Aksoy&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-09-05"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-11-11"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudos anteriores geralmente se concentravam em anormalidades no teste do olho seco e envolvimentos oculares&#44; como uve&#237;te e blefarite na psor&#237;ase&#46; O escore do &#237;ndice de &#225;rea e gravidade da psor&#237;ase &#40;PASI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">psoriasis area severity index</span>&#41;&#44; usado para avaliar a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#44; &#233; uma ferramenta complexa e demorada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade da doen&#231;a e a espessura epitelial corneana central &#40;EECC&#41; na psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo 175 olhos de 175 pacientes com psor&#237;ase e 57 olhos de 57 indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis como grupo controle&#46; Os pacientes com psor&#237;ase foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos&#44; de acordo com o escore PASI&#44; em &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 leve&#44; 10&#8208;20 moderado e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 20 grave&#46; A EECC foi medida por tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica de dom&#237;nio espectral &#40;SD&#8208;OCT do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spectral domain&#8208;optical coherence tomography</span>&#41;&#44; e os valores m&#233;dios foram registrados&#46; Os valores m&#233;dios da EECC foram comparados entre os grupos de psor&#237;ase e o grupo controle&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foi avaliada a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o escore PASI e a EECC&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi de 58&#44;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo leve&#44; 60&#44;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo moderado&#44; 65&#44;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo grave e 56&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo controle&#46; Foi determinado que o valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente maior em todos os grupos de psor&#237;ase em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo controle &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; O valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente maior no grupo com psor&#237;ase moderada do que no grupo com psor&#237;ase leve &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;018&#41; e no grupo com psor&#237;ase grave em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo com psor&#237;ase moderada &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Houve forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o escore PASI e a EECC &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;519&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Desenho transversal e n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de participantes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">H&#225; forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a gravidade da psor&#237;ase e a EECC&#46; A medida da EECC sem contato por SD&#8208;OCT pode ser um indicador da gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;17&#8208;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;27&#8208;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;26&#8208;88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;17&#8208;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27&#44;27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Artigo original
A espessura epitelial corneana mostra a gravidade da psoríase? Estudo com SD‐OCT
İrfan Botan Güneşa,
Corresponding author
irfanoft@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, Berna Aksoyb, Hakan Öztürkc, Fuat Yavrumd, Bediz Özenc
a Departamento de Oftalmologia, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Medical Park Kocaeli Hospital, Kocaeli, Turquia
b Departamento de Dermatologia, Medical Park Kocaeli Hospital, Kocaeli, Turquia
c Departamento de Oftalmologia University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Hospital, Izmir, Turquia
d Departamento de Oftalmologia, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turquia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A psor&#237;ase &#233; doen&#231;a inflamat&#243;ria cut&#226;nea cr&#244;nica&#44; com forte predisposi&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica e caracter&#237;sticas patog&#234;nicas autoimunes como hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o epid&#233;rmica e taxa de renova&#231;&#227;o relativamente alta do epit&#233;lio da camada basal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em geral&#44; a psor&#237;ase afeta a pele&#44; mas tamb&#233;m pode afetar as articula&#231;&#245;es e tem sido associada a v&#225;rias doen&#231;as&#46; A inflama&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se limita &#224; pele psori&#225;sica e demonstrou&#8208;se afetar diferentes sistemas org&#226;nicos&#46; Quando comparados a indiv&#237;duos controle&#44; os pacientes com psor&#237;ase apresentam aumento da hiperlipidemia&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#44; doen&#231;a arterial coronariana&#44; diabetes tipo 2 e aumento do &#237;ndice de massa corporal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al&#233;m dessas doen&#231;as sist&#234;micas&#44; o envolvimento ocular &#233; comum&#44; afetando 12&#37; dos casos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Diminui&#231;&#227;o da acuidade visual corrigida&#44; pter&#237;gio&#44; catarata&#44; blefarite&#44; ceratite&#44; hiperemia conjuntival e olho seco foram relatados como sendo comuns em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; ceratite puntiforme e &#8220;derretimento da c&#243;rnea&#8221; foram relatados na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> Em processos inflamat&#243;rios que afetam a superf&#237;cie ocular&#44; a c&#243;rnea e o epit&#233;lio conjuntival tamb&#233;m s&#227;o potencialmente afetados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O epit&#233;lio corneano &#233; escamoso n&#227;o queratinizado que desempenha papel muito importante na prote&#231;&#227;o do olho e na manuten&#231;&#227;o de alta qualidade &#243;ptica&#44; pois &#233; a camada mais externa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8208;11</span></a> Verificou&#8208;se que o epit&#233;lio contribui isoladamente com 0&#44;85 D na refra&#231;&#227;o da c&#243;rnea na zona de 3&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de di&#226;metro&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica de dom&#237;nio espectral &#40;SD&#8208;OCT&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spectral&#8208;domain optical coherence tomography</span>&#41; &#233; uma t&#233;cnica sem contato que permite a mensura&#231;&#227;o da espessura epitelial corneana e avalia&#231;&#227;o precisa das camadas da c&#243;rnea com grande confiabilidade e repetibilidade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;15</span></a> A SD&#8208;OCT &#233; amplamente utilizada em cl&#237;nicas oftalmol&#243;gicas atualmente&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O escore do &#237;ndice de &#225;rea e gravidade da psor&#237;ase &#40;PASI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">psoriasis area and severity index</span>&#41; &#233; um m&#233;todo objetivo que pontua a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; Para determinar o escore PASI&#44; a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal afetada&#44; eritema&#44; infiltra&#231;&#227;o e descama&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o avaliados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Por isso&#44; o escore PASI &#233; uma ferramenta complexa e demorada&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sabe&#8208;se que a literatura n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos avaliando a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade da psor&#237;ase e a espessura do epit&#233;lio corneano&#46; No presente estudo&#44; os autores investigam a espessura do epit&#233;lio corneano por SD&#8208;OCT em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#44; classificados de acordo com o escore PASI&#44; em compara&#231;&#227;o com indiv&#237;duos normais&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo transversal de caso controle foi realizado com a aprova&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa M&#233;dica da University of Istinye &#40;registro de aprova&#231;&#227;o&#58; 2&#47;2021&#46;K&#8208;67&#41; de acordo com os princ&#237;pios &#233;ticos da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque&#46; Formul&#225;rios de consentimento por escrito foram recebidos de todos os participantes&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um total de 175 olhos de 175 pacientes com psor&#237;ase e 57 olhos de 57 participantes saud&#225;veis &#40;grupo controle &#91;GC&#93;&#41; foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo&#46; Apenas os olhos direitos dos participantes foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo&#46; Todos os participantes foram submetidos a um exame ocular completo&#44; incluindo o teste de Schirmer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Dados demogr&#225;ficos e exames dos segmentos anterior e posterior foram registrados em todos os casos&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O mesmo especialista &#40;Aksoy B&#41; calculou e registrou o escore PASI de cada paciente&#46; Os pacientes com psor&#237;ase foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos de acordo com o escore PASI&#58; subgrupo leve &#40;PASI &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#44; subgrupo moderado &#40;PASI entre 10 e 20&#41; e subgrupo grave &#40;PASI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 20&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> O estudo excluiu indiv&#237;duos com hist&#243;ria anterior de trauma ou cirurgia ocular&#44; indiv&#237;duos com olho seco&#44; doen&#231;as da c&#243;rnea e conjuntiva ou doen&#231;as oculares ativas&#44; indiv&#237;duos que usaram anteriormente medica&#231;&#245;es oculares t&#243;picas de longa dura&#231;&#227;o e indiv&#237;duos que utilizavam lentes de contato&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As medidas da espessura epitelial corneana central &#40;EECC&#41; foram realizadas pelo mesmo dispositivo SD&#8208;OCT &#40;Optopol Technology sp&#46;zo&#46; Zawiercie&#44; Pol&#244;nia&#41;&#46; As medidas de OCT foram realizadas antes do exame oftalmol&#243;gico para evitar poss&#237;veis artefatos&#46; 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O coeficiente de Spearman foi utilizado nos testes de correla&#231;&#227;o&#46; Os resultados foram analisados com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95&#37; e p&#8208;valor &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo incluiu 232 olhos de 232 participantes&#46; A m&#233;dia de idade dos participantes foi de 43&#44;60 &#40;m&#237;n&#58; 17&#44; m&#225;x&#58; 88&#41;&#44; dos quais 57&#44;8&#37; eram do sexo feminino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>134&#41; e 42&#44;2&#37; do sexo masculino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>98&#41;&#46; Os pacientes foram divididos em tr&#234;s grupos&#44; de acordo com o escore PASI&#46; O grupo leve incluiu 64 olhos &#40;27&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; o grupo moderado incluiu 58 olhos &#40;25&#44;0&#37;&#41; e o grupo grave incluiu 53 olhos &#40;22&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; O grupo controle incluiu 57 olhos &#40;24&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significante na distribui&#231;&#227;o de idade e sexo entre os grupos do estudo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;103 e p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;242&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> mostra os dados demogr&#225;ficos dos grupos de pacientes e do grupo controle&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia foi de 58&#44;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo leve&#44; 60&#44;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo moderado&#44; 65&#44;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo grave e 56&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo controle&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os valores m&#233;dios da EECC apresentaram diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significante entre os grupos &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; A espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia no grupo controle foi significantemente menor do que em todos os grupos de psor&#237;ase &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Na an&#225;lise <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> realizada entre os grupos de psor&#237;ase&#44; o valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente menor no grupo leve em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo moderado &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;018&#41;&#44; e o valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente menor nos grupos leve e moderado em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo grave &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; houve forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o escore PASI&#44; que indica a gravidade da doen&#231;a e a espessura epitelial corneana &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;519&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a espessura epitelial corneana em pacientes com psor&#237;ase por meio da SD&#8208;OCT&#46; Estudos anteriores geralmente se concentravam em anormalidades no teste do olho seco e altera&#231;&#245;es oculares&#44; como uve&#237;te e blefarite na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;7</span></a> Ao contr&#225;rio de estudos anteriores&#44; o presente estudo avalia a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a espessura epitelial corneana e a gravidade da doen&#231;a em pacientes com psor&#237;ase&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversos estudos mostraram que a medida da EECC utilizando a SD&#8208;OCT&#44; sem contato com o olho&#44; &#233; confi&#225;vel e reprodut&#237;vel&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;22&#44;23</span></a> A EECC m&#233;dia foi avaliada em estudos anteriores&#44; com a aplica&#231;&#227;o de citologia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">imprint</span>&#44; microscopia confocal <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> ou ultrassonografia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;26</span></a> Diversos estudos utilizaram amplamente a SD&#8208;OCT&#44; beneficiando&#8208;se n&#227;o ser necess&#225;rio contato&#44; al&#233;m da precis&#227;o&#44; estabilidade e repetibilidade dos resultados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ostadian et al&#46; descobriram que o valor m&#233;dio da EECC da popula&#231;&#227;o normal &#233; de 56&#44;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m em medidas feitas por meio de SD&#8208;OCT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Semelhante a esse estudo&#44; a espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia foi de 56&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo controle do presente estudo&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kanellopoulos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> relataram correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a espessura epitelial corneana e a idade&#46; Samy et al&#46; relataram que o valor da EECC diminui com a idade&#44; mas n&#227;o de acordo com o sexo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significantes na espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia de acordo com sexo e idade nos grupos de pacientes e no grupo controle&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos anteriores descreveram o envolvimento da c&#243;rnea na psor&#237;ase com ceratite pontilhada superficial&#44; opacidades&#44; eros&#245;es recorrentes&#44; &#250;lceras e cicatrizes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;8</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Her et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> mostraram que o olho seco &#233; comum em pacientes com psor&#237;ase e que o filme lacrimal nesses pacientes &#233; relativamente inst&#225;vel em virtude dos danos na superf&#237;cie ocular&#46; O mecanismo etiopatog&#234;nico da psor&#237;ase que afeta a superf&#237;cie ocular ainda n&#227;o foi esclarecido&#46; Neste estudo&#44; espessamento epitelial corneano foi observado em pacientes com psor&#237;ase sem comprometimento ocular por placas psori&#225;sicas&#46; O envolvimento ocular na psor&#237;ase sem placa psori&#225;sica pode ser o resultado do fen&#243;tipo psori&#225;sico&#44; que pode induzir processos inflamat&#243;rios imunomediados em outros &#243;rg&#227;os al&#233;m da pele&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O escore PASI &#233; um m&#233;todo objetivo que mostra a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46; Para determinar o escore PASI&#44; s&#227;o avaliados a &#225;rea de superf&#237;cie corporal afetada&#44; eritema&#44; endurecimento e descama&#231;&#227;o&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo dividiu os pacientes com psor&#237;ase em tr&#234;s grupos&#44; de acordo com os escores PASI&#44; em leve&#44; moderado e grave&#46; Ao comparar a espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia dos grupos de pacientes e do grupo controle&#44; observou&#8208;se que a espessura epitelial corneana era significativamente maior nos grupos de pacientes leves&#44; moderados e graves em compara&#231;&#227;o ao grupo controle&#46; Quando os grupos de pacientes foram avaliados entre si&#44; a espessura epitelial corneana m&#233;dia dos grupos moderado e grave foi significantemente maior do que no grupo leve&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva foi observada entre a gravidade da doen&#231;a e a espessura epitelial corneana &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;519&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um estudo sobre a serina&#8208;protease semelhante &#224; tripsina&#44; marapsina&#44; enfatiza que a express&#227;o da marapsina &#233; encontrada apenas no tipo n&#227;o queratinizado do epit&#233;lio escamoso em humanos&#44; como es&#244;fago&#44; tonsila&#44; laringe&#44; colo do &#250;tero e c&#243;rnea&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Esses epit&#233;lios que expressam marapsina s&#227;o todos relativamente espessos&#44; t&#234;m taxa de renova&#231;&#227;o relativamente alta e n&#227;o s&#227;o queratinizados&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; a marapsina n&#227;o &#233; expressa no epit&#233;lio queratinizado&#44; mas &#233; fortemente induzida quando a epiderme sofre hiperplasia e hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o&#44; como durante a reepiteliza&#231;&#227;o de feridas e na psor&#237;ase&#46; A express&#227;o da marapsina est&#225; associada &#224; diferencia&#231;&#227;o escamosa de queratin&#243;citos&#44; seja constitutivamente em epit&#233;lios n&#227;o queratinizados ou sob condi&#231;&#245;es de hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o e hiperplasia no epit&#233;lio queratinizado da epiderme&#46; Foi demonstrado que a marapsina &#233; fortemente regulada positivamente na epiderme hiperpl&#225;sica e hiperproliferativa na psor&#237;ase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Mais recentemente&#44; Adachi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> identificaram marapsina na c&#243;rnea de ratos&#44; o que est&#225; de acordo com estudo anterior de Wong et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> mostrando forte express&#227;o de mRNA da marapsina no olho de camundongos&#46; Em condi&#231;&#245;es normais&#44; o ciclo celular epid&#233;rmico &#233; conclu&#237;do em cerca de quatro semanas&#46; Na psor&#237;ase&#44; no entanto&#44; o ciclo celular epid&#233;rmico &#233; acelerado&#46; A divis&#227;o celular na camada basal ocorre a cada 1&#44;5 dias&#44; e a migra&#231;&#227;o dos queratin&#243;citos para o estrato c&#243;rneo ocorre em aproximadamente quatro dias&#46; Isso resulta na hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o de queratin&#243;citos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Al&#233;m disso&#44; Aragona et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> mostraram que metaplasia escamosa estava presente na citologia por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">imprint</span> da superf&#237;cie ocular em pacientes com psor&#237;ase sem envolvimento ocular&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo encontrou espessamento epitelial corneano associado a psor&#237;ase sem envolvimento ocular&#46; Embora o envolvimento da superf&#237;cie ocular esteja ausente&#44; os autores acreditam que o aumento da express&#227;o de marapsina e a metaplasia escamosa no olho de pacientes com psor&#237;ase podem causar hiperprolifera&#231;&#227;o e espessamento epitelial corneano em virtude do aumento da taxa de renova&#231;&#227;o epitelial&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As limita&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo s&#227;o as seguintes&#58; este &#233; um estudo transversal&#44; inclui n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de participantes e n&#227;o consegue avaliar os pacientes segundo o tempo de diagn&#243;stico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo mediu a espessura epitelial corneana utilizando SD&#8208;OCT sem contato e demonstrou correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a gravidade da psor&#237;ase e a EECC&#46; Os autores acreditam que a EECC pode ser um dos indicadores de gravidade da doen&#231;a em pacientes com psor&#237;ase e acreditam que os achados do presente estudo ser&#227;o confirmados por estudos prospectivos que incluam um grande n&#250;mero de participantes no futuro&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Suporte financeiro</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#304;rfan Botan G&#252;ne&#351;&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; primeira vers&#227;o do manuscrito&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hakan &#214;zt&#252;rk&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fuat Yavrum&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bediz &#214;zen&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bern Aksoy&#58; Prepara&#231;&#227;o de material&#44; obten&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise dos dados&#59; coment&#225;rios sobre vers&#245;es anteriores do manuscrito&#59; aprova&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o final do manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nenhum&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudos anteriores geralmente se concentravam em anormalidades no teste do olho seco e envolvimentos oculares&#44; como uve&#237;te e blefarite na psor&#237;ase&#46; O escore do &#237;ndice de &#225;rea e gravidade da psor&#237;ase &#40;PASI&#44; do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">psoriasis area severity index</span>&#41;&#44; usado para avaliar a gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#44; &#233; uma ferramenta complexa e demorada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade da doen&#231;a e a espessura epitelial corneana central &#40;EECC&#41; na psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos neste estudo 175 olhos de 175 pacientes com psor&#237;ase e 57 olhos de 57 indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis como grupo controle&#46; Os pacientes com psor&#237;ase foram divididos em tr&#234;s subgrupos&#44; de acordo com o escore PASI&#44; em &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 leve&#44; 10&#8208;20 moderado e<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 20 grave&#46; A EECC foi medida por tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica de dom&#237;nio espectral &#40;SD&#8208;OCT do ingl&#234;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spectral domain&#8208;optical coherence tomography</span>&#41;&#44; e os valores m&#233;dios foram registrados&#46; Os valores m&#233;dios da EECC foram comparados entre os grupos de psor&#237;ase e o grupo controle&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; foi avaliada a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o escore PASI e a EECC&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi de 58&#44;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo leve&#44; 60&#44;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo moderado&#44; 65&#44;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo grave e 56&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m no grupo controle&#46; Foi determinado que o valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente maior em todos os grupos de psor&#237;ase em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo controle &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; O valor m&#233;dio da EECC foi significantemente maior no grupo com psor&#237;ase moderada do que no grupo com psor&#237;ase leve &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;018&#41; e no grupo com psor&#237;ase grave em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo com psor&#237;ase moderada &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Houve forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre o escore PASI e a EECC &#40;p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;519&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Desenho transversal e n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de participantes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">H&#225; forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a gravidade da psor&#237;ase e a EECC&#46; A medida da EECC sem contato por SD&#8208;OCT pode ser um indicador da gravidade da psor&#237;ase&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 26662752
Original language: Portuguese
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