Letter - Clinical
Hidradenoma papilliferum of the vulva: a dermoscopic challenging diagnosis
Vincenzo De Giorgi
, Biancamaria Zuccaro, Flavia Silvestri, Federico Venturi
Corresponding author
Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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(A) Clinicamente, nódulo focalmente ulcerado, único, firme, bem circunscrito, de superfície lisa (4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) não pigmentado. (B) A dermatoscopia mostrou uma ulceração central avermelhada com bordas solapadas devido ao descolamento da superfície mucosa das camadas inferiores, circundada por um halo esbranquiçado, na ausência de outros parâmetros dermatoscopicamente relevantes.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Vincenzo De Giorgi, Biancamaria Zuccaro, Flavia Silvestri, Federico Venturi" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Vincenzo" "apellidos" => "De Giorgi" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Biancamaria" "apellidos" => "Zuccaro" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Flavia" "apellidos" => "Silvestri" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Federico" "apellidos" => "Venturi" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365059623000697" "doi" => "10.1016/j.abd.2021.11.014" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365059623000697?idApp=UINPBA00008Z" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2666275223000966?idApp=UINPBA00008Z" "url" => "/26662752/0000009800000004/v2_202307101646/S2666275223000966/v2_202307101646/pt/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0365059623000582" "issn" => "03650596" "doi" => "10.1016/j.abd.2021.08.016" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-07-01" "aid" => "739" "copyright" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter - Clinical</span>" "titulo" => "Keloid formation following ear piercing through the transitional zone" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "548" "paginaFinal" => "550" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1856 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 319794 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Keloid formation following piercing through the transitional zone in patient 1 (A) and patient 2 (B). 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Clinical</span>" "titulo" => "Hidradenoma papilliferum of the vulva: a dermoscopic challenging diagnosis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "546" "paginaFinal" => "548" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Vincenzo De Giorgi, Biancamaria Zuccaro, Flavia Silvestri, Federico Venturi" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Vincenzo" "apellidos" => "De Giorgi" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "vincenzo.degiorgi@unifi.it" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Biancamaria" "apellidos" => "Zuccaro" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Flavia" "apellidos" => "Silvestri" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Federico" "apellidos" => "Venturi" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1247 "Ancho" => 3341 "Tamanyo" => 243077 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">50-year-old woman, right interlabial fold of the vulva. (A) Clinically, single, firm, well-circumscribed, smooth surfaced focally ulcerated nodule (4 × 4 mm) with no pigment. (B) Dermoscopy showed a central reddish ulceration with undermined edges due to the detachment of the mucosal surface from the lower layers surrounded by a whitish halo in the absence of other dermoscopically-relevant parameters.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 50-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic cutaneous papular lesion on the vulva (right interlabial fold) of unknown duration. Genital examination revealed a single, firm, well-circumscribed, smooth surfaced focally ulcerated papule (4 × 4 mm) with no pigment (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). There was no evidence of any bleeding, breakdown, or infection. The inguinal lymph nodes were not enlarged on either side. Dermoscopy showed a central reddish ulceration with undermined edges due to the detachment of the mucosal surface from the lower layers surrounded by a whitish halo in the absence of other dermoscopically-relevant parameters (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B). There was a non-specific vascular pattern with tiny linear vessels on a reddish and whitish background. The clinical and dermoscopic features did not suggest any diagnosis. If the dermoscopic aspect could be used to exclude a melanocytic lesion, even an achromic one, then a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma ‒ a very frequent tumor in this particular anatomical site ‒ could not be excluded. An excisional biopsy was performed followed by a histopathological examination. Microscopically, a dermal cystic adnexal tumor composed of numerous papillary projections lined by a peripheral layer of myoepithelial cells and a luminal layer of tall columnar cells showing decapitation secretion (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) was observed; thus, a final diagnosis of hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) was made.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient received no further therapy and had an uneventful clinical course during a 10-year follow-up. During this period, the patient underwent a shave biopsy of another mucosal lesion on the labia minora of the vulva, and the histopathological examination revealed a fibroepithelial polyp with associated mild viral-related changes on the overlying epithelium.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HP is a benign adnexal neoplasm that develops almost exclusively in women with a wide age range preferentially in the labium majus of the vulva. Although HP was previously thought to have an apocrine origin, recent studies have suggested that it may derive from the anogenital mammary-like glands.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It usually presents clinically as an asymptomatic, slow-growing, well-circumscribed, flesh-colored to red nodule typically located in the vulval interlabial sulcus or labium majus.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The term “ectopic” HP has been reported to describe cases occurring in the head and neck as well as the breast, axilla, external ear canal, and eyelid.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HP may have a heterogeneous clinical appearance and can mimic other vulval neoplasms; thus, the final diagnosis needs to be confirmed histologically.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although HP has been histologically well characterized, to the best of our knowledge, the dermoscopic features of vulval HP have only been reported by Tosti et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> They reported that most polymorphous dermoscopic findings do not lead to a definitive diagnosis. In fact, in the descriptions of the dermoscopic parameters, we found central brown to greyish-blue non-pigmented areas surrounded by dotted and irregular serpiginous telangiectasias or without a recognizable vascular pattern with some shiny white areas. Some lesions were ulcerated. Importantly, the dermoscopic examination can certainly be useful for their differential diagnosis even if we do not have pathognomonic dermoscopic features for the diagnosis of HP and in general for many adnexal neoplasms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In fact, dermoscopically, the diagnosis of vulvar melanoma is characterized by the presence of more colors, i.e., blue, gray, white, and red color. Furthermore, we often see a whitish veil, especially in thinner vulvar melanomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> These lesions are also often clinically bleeding and painful.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vulvar SCC is also common and is characterized dermoscopically by the presence in the initial forms of very compact irregular white areas that do not facilitate any vascular pattern. In our case, the white areas are less defined and intense allowing the vision of even a delicate vascular pattern.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vulvar basal cell carcinoma is characterized by poor pigmentation but frequently by the presence of blue ovoids that are not present in our case.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Therefore, a careful dermoscopic analysis of the lesion does not offer a precise diagnosis in these cases but allows us to better orient ourselves in the preoperative diagnosis of these lesions in this particular site including those that enter into differential diagnosis with adnexal tumors and therefore with HP.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The overall prognosis for HPs is good. Local excision is the treatment of choice. Tumor recurrence is unusual and is typically attributed to incomplete excision of the primary tumor. Malignant transformation of HP is also rare. In our patients, the neoplasm showed well-defined margins and no recurrence or malignant change during the prospective follow-up period.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, HP on the vulvar site is a diagnostically challenging benign entity. The tumor is quite rare, and physicians do not gain sufficient experience to suspect it. Dermoscopy of this lesion, even if not decisive in the diagnosis, can be useful in the differential diagnosis of important neoplasms such as melanoma and SCC. However, in these cases, the diagnostic gold standard remains the histopathology.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors' contributions</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vincenzo De Giorgi: Study concept and design; analysis and interpretation of data; drafting of the manuscript; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; study supervision.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biancamaria Zuccaro: Acquisition of data.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Flavia Silvestri: Acquisition of data.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Federico Venturi: Acquisition of data.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vincenzo De Giorgi had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Financial support" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Authors' contributions" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-10-11" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-11-05" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "⋆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Study conducted at the Dermatological Clinic of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1247 "Ancho" => 3341 "Tamanyo" => 243077 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">50-year-old woman, right interlabial fold of the vulva. (A) Clinically, single, firm, well-circumscribed, smooth surfaced focally ulcerated nodule (4 × 4 mm) with no pigment. (B) Dermoscopy showed a central reddish ulceration with undermined edges due to the detachment of the mucosal surface from the lower layers surrounded by a whitish halo in the absence of other dermoscopically-relevant parameters.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1284 "Ancho" => 3341 "Tamanyo" => 822538 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Histopathological examination shows a dermal cystic neoplasm characterized by papillary projections (Hematoxylin & eosin, ×50). (B) Papillae are lined by myoepithelial cells (at the periphery) and tall columnar cells, showing decapitation secretion (Hematoxylin & eosin, ×100).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Vulvar hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) is located on the sites of mammary-like anogenital glands (MLAGs): Analysis of the photographs of 52 tumors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J. El-Khoury" 1 => "M.H. Renald" 2 => "F. Plantier" 3 => "M.F. Avril" 4 => "M. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 50 | 12 | 62 |
| 2024 October | 315 | 114 | 429 |
| 2024 September | 407 | 108 | 515 |
| 2024 August | 430 | 152 | 582 |
| 2024 July | 350 | 137 | 487 |
| 2024 June | 234 | 101 | 335 |
| 2024 May | 153 | 87 | 240 |
| 2024 April | 155 | 117 | 272 |
| 2024 March | 187 | 79 | 266 |
| 2024 February | 242 | 97 | 339 |
| 2024 January | 190 | 72 | 262 |
| 2023 December | 171 | 85 | 256 |
| 2023 November | 184 | 126 | 310 |
| 2023 October | 185 | 86 | 271 |
| 2023 September | 201 | 89 | 290 |
| 2023 August | 168 | 42 | 210 |
| 2023 July | 321 | 62 | 383 |
| 2023 June | 123 | 34 | 157 |
| 2023 May | 71 | 34 | 105 |
| 2023 April | 38 | 43 | 81 |
| 2023 March | 8 | 5 | 13 |
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