Letter - Research
Association of e-cadherin gene CDH1 polymorphism -160 C/A with susceptibility to develop vitiligo
David Emmanuel Kubelis-Lópeza, Natalia Aranza Zapata-Salazara, Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santanderb, Celia Nohemí Sánchez-Domínguezc, Jesús Antonio Morlett-Chávezb, Jorge Ocampo-Candiania,
Corresponding author
a Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
b Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltilllo, Coahuila, Mexico
c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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"cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter - Research</span>" "titulo" => "Association of e-cadherin gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> polymorphism -160 C/A with susceptibility to develop vitiligo" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "376" "paginaFinal" => "378" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "David Emmanuel Kubelis-López, Natalia Aranza Zapata-Salazar, Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander, Celia Nohemí Sánchez-Domínguez, Jesús Antonio Morlett-Chávez, Jorge Ocampo-Candiani" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "David Emmanuel" "apellidos" => "Kubelis-López" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Natalia Aranza" "apellidos" => "Zapata-Salazar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span 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class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltilllo, Coahuila, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vitiligo is the most frequent disorder of acquired depigmentation, characterized by achromic patches due to the loss of melanocytes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Its pathogenesis is not completely understood and is believed to be multifactorial.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The melanocytorrhagy theory is based on the observation that mechanical friction leads to melanocyte detachment and transepidermal loss, suggesting that an impaired melanocyte adhesion may be the first step in the development of vitiligo.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4,5</span></a> E-cadherin is a Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2+</span> dependent transmembrane protein and a key adhesion molecule mediating melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The keratinocytes in vitiligo lesions have a weaker expression of e-cadherin and Discoidin Domain Receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1), another molecule of cell-cell adhesion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Also, an abnormal distribution of e-cadherin is observed in the normal skin of vitiligo patients, reinforcing the adhesion theory.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> There is scarce information on polymorphisms of the e-cadherin gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> in vitiligo, eight polymorphisms have been previously studied and only the rs10431924 polymorphism showed an association with vitiligo.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Tarlé et al., observed a positive association with T-allele of rs10431924 polymorphism and vitiligo, particularly when accompanied by autoimmune comorbidities in a Brazilian population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Meanwhile, Almasi-Nasrabadi et al. revealed an association between the CC genotype of rs10431924 and vitiligo in an Iranian population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This case-control study was conducted aiming to investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> and susceptibility to develop vitiligo in a Mexican population: -347 G→GA (rs5030625) and -160 C/A (rs16260). Both SNP studied are in the promoter region of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> gene which means that these polymorphisms may lead to over or under-expression of the e-cadherin and thus could have a correlation with the pathogenesis of vitiligo.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> Patients with a clinical diagnosis of vitiligo and healthy controls without a family history of vitiligo were recruited at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González” in Monterrey, México. A venous blood sample was extracted from all subjects for genomic DNA isolation using the salting-out method with a final DNA concentration of 0.1‒1.0 μg/μL. The allele frequency of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs5030625 and rs16260 polymorphisms were characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using an MJ Mini PTC1148 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules; CA, USA). The primers for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs5030625 (5’-GCCCCGACTTGTCTCTCTAC-3’ and 5’-GGCCACAGCCAATCAGCA-3’) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs16260 (5’-TGATCCCAGGTCTTAGTGAG-3’ and 5’-AGTCTGAACTGACTTCCGCA-3’) were obtained from IDT (Coralville; IA, USA). According to previously published protocols, the enzymes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ban</span>II and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BstE</span>II (New England Biolabs; MA, USA) were respectively used in the restriction analysis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,8</span></a> All digested products were analyzed by electrophoresis in a 2.5% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide and visualized in a UVP model 2 UV High-Performance Transilluminator (Upland; CA, USA).</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample size was calculated considering the vitiligo prevalence in México (4%) and a statistical power of 97.5% (Z = 1.96) resulting in a minimum sample of 114 subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 21.0 (IBM Corp; NY, USA) and Epi Info™ software for Windows version 7 (CDC, USA). A Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was obtained for the alleles using a goodness-of-fit test, whereas the genotypic dependence between patients and control subjects was determined with a χ<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test. The odd ratios were calculated from 2 × 2 contingency tables. A p < 0.05 was considered significant after the Bonferroni correction.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 116 vitiligo subjects (49 males and 67 females) and 121 controls (45 males and 76 females) were recruited. Demographic characteristics are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. The most frequent type of vitiligo was generalized (n = 97, 83.6%). Frequencies of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs5030625 genotypes of the cases and controls are observed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>, the most common genotype was GA/G (cases n = 92, 79.3%; controls n = 102, 84.3%), followed by GA/GA genotype (cases n = 13, 11.2%; controls n = 12, 9.9%) and finally GG genotype (cases n = 11, 9.5%; controls n = 7, 5.8%). After statistical analysis, no association was observed between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs5030625 genotypes and vitiligo (p = 0.512). Frequencies of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs16260 genotypes are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. In the vitiligo subjects, the AA genotype predominated (n = 70, 60.4%) followed by the CA genotype (n = 39, 33.6%), and lastly CC genotype (n = 7, 6%). In the control group, the AA genotype was the most frequent (n = 54, 47.1%), followed by the CA genotype (n = 54, 44.6%), and the less frequent was the CC genotype (n = 10, 8.3%). Statistical analysis found no association between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs16260 genotypes and vitiligo (p = 0.124) but a sub-analysis of a genetic model comparing the AA genotype to CA/CC genotypes showed an association between the risk of developing vitiligo and AA genotype (p = 0.041, OR = 1.709, 95% CI 1.020‒2.861) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first study of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs503062 and rs16260 polymorphisms in vitiligo; an association between the AA genotype of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs16260 and the risk of developing vitiligo was observed when compared to CC/CA genotypes. This study reinforces the e-cadherin role in the development of vitiligo. Further studies of rs16260 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> polymorphism are necessary to confirm these findings.</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Ethics</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and it was approved by the University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González” research and ethical committee with registry number DE20-00013.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Financial support</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Authors’ contributions</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">David Emmanuel Kubelis-López: Study concept and design; data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature and final approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Natalia Aranza Zapata-Salazar: Study concept and design; data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature and final approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander: Study concept and design; research guidance, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature and final approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Celia Nohemí Sánchez-Domínguez: Study concept and design; research guidance; data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature and final approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jesús Antonio Morlett-Chávez: Data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; review of the manuscript; critical review of literature and final approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Ocampo-Candiani: Study concept and design; research guidance; data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature and final approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Ethics" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Financial support" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Authors’ contributions" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack666601" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 5 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-04-11" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-07-04" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "⋆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Study conducted at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González” and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine “Dr. José Eleuterio González” in MTY, México.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (n = 116), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n = 121), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (42.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (37.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 (57.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76 (62.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years) - mean ± standart deviation</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.15 ± 12.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.9 ± 13.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vitiligo</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Common \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 (83.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acrofacial \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (5.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mucosal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Focal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (10.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3171509.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic characteristics of cases and controls.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs5030625 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (n = 116), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n = 121), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">χ<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (9.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (5.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.339</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.512</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GA/G \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92 (79.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">102 (84.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GA/GA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (11.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (9.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3171508.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequency of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs5030625 genotypes.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.</p><p id="spar0021" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bold are the values that were statistically significant.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs16260 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (n = 116), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n = 121), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">χ<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 (60.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 (47.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.176</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1247</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 (33.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54 (44.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (8.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3171510.png" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs16260 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (n = 116), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls (n = 121), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">χ<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 (60.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 (47.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.041</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.709 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.020‒2.861 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CA/CC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46 (39.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64 (52.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0.041</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.585 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.349‒0.980 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3171507.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequency of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> rs16260 genotypes.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CDH1</span> and DDR1 common variants confer risk to vitiligo and autoimmune comorbidities" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. 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"fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "5174" "paginaFinal" => "5179" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Geographic dermatology: Mexico and Central America. The influence of geographic factors on skin diseases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "O. Canizares" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/archderm.1960.01580060024004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol." "fecha" => "1960" "volumen" => "82" "paginaInicial" => "870" "paginaFinal" => "893" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13690441" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack666601" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We thank Ana Cecilia Xolalpa Rosales and Marely Eugenia Gómez Galindo for all their support and work.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03650596/0000009800000003/v3_202305121633/S0365059623000119/v3_202305121633/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "95692" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letter – Research" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03650596/0000009800000003/v3_202305121633/S0365059623000119/v3_202305121633/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00008Z&text.app=https://clinics.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365059623000119?idApp=UINPBA00008Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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