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was normal&#46; Initially&#44; oral erythromycin was used for two months&#44; oral cephadroxyl for another two months&#44; as well as the fixed combination of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide associated with non-comedogenic emollients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the prolonged use of oral antibiotics and topical medications&#44; progression of lesions and scar formation occurred&#46; At seven months of age&#44; oral isotretinoin was started at a dose of 0&#46;5&#160;mg&#47;kg&#47;day &#40;target dose 960&#8210;1200&#160;mg&#41;&#46; The 10&#160;mg capsule was frozen and half of the tablet was administered to the child in the milk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After reaching the 150&#160;mg&#47;kg dose nine months later and with gradual adjustment according to weight gain &#40;up to &#190; of the tablet&#41;&#44; there was no disease activity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; throughout a 12-month follow-up&#46; During treatment&#44; the patient had mild cheilitis and xerosis&#44; without laboratory alterations&#46; As post-isotretinoin maintenance therapy&#44; the fixed combination of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide was prescribed&#44; as well as non-comedogenic emollients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The androgenic hormonal laboratory investigation is mandatory in cases of refractory infantile acne&#44; although most cases are not related to underlying endocrine diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Oral isotretinoin&#44; as well as topical therapy&#44; are off-label treatments at this age&#59; however&#44; the many recently published cases demonstrate not only important clinical improvement in refractory cases but also their safe use in infants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acitretin is used in recessive congenital ichthyosis throughout life&#44; since birth&#44; being the confirmation test of retinoid safety in childhood&#46; Early closure of epiphyses in children treated with oral retinoids is a rare event&#44; associated with previous diseases&#44; use of high doses&#44; or prolonged treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the meantime&#44; oral isotretinoin&#44; when prescribed for refractory infantile acne&#44; is a short-term treatment that requires low doses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The oral isotretinoin dose for infantile acne varies among publications between 0&#46;2 and 2&#46;0&#160;mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#44; with a total treatment period of five up to 14 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> According to the latest acne consensus&#44; the cumulative dose of isotretinoin should be the one in which complete clearing of lesions is attained&#44; with drug maintenance for two more months&#44; in contrast to the strict recommendation of reaching 120&#8210;150&#160;mg&#47;kg in all patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Delay in the diagnosis of infantile acne is mainly due to the rarity of the disease at this age&#44; as well as undertreatment and delay in the introduction of oral isotretinoin in these children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is therefore important that infants with severe&#44; chronic acne&#44; refractory to conventional treatment&#44; be evaluated for underlying endocrinological disorders&#44; not delaying drug use when there is resistance to oral antibiotics as well as the formation of scars&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grasielle Silva Santos&#58; Design and planning of the study&#59; data survey&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mayra Ianhez&#58; Design and planning of the study&#59; data survey&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; critical review of important intellectual content&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Helio Amante Miot&#58; Critical review of important intellectual content&#59; analysis and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Letter - Clinical
Papulopustular infantile acne treated with oral isotretinoin
Grasielle Silva Santosa, Mayra Ianheza,
Corresponding author
ianhez@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Hélio Amante Miotb
a Hospital de Doenças Tropicais Dr Anuar Auad, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
b Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infantile acne is considered when it occurs between one and 16 months of age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Topical retinoids&#44; benzoyl peroxide at low concentrations&#44; and oral antibiotics &#40;except tetracyclines&#41; are used in the treatment of children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This report describes the case of a two-month-old boy who presented papules&#44; pustules&#44; and a cyst on the malar region&#44; bilaterally&#44; as well as closed and open comedones&#44; compatible with the diagnosis of infantile acne &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The laboratory hormonal evaluation of the child and mother &#40;who also had severe acne&#41; was normal&#46; Initially&#44; oral erythromycin was used for two months&#44; oral cephadroxyl for another two months&#44; as well as the fixed combination of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide associated with non-comedogenic emollients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the prolonged use of oral antibiotics and topical medications&#44; progression of lesions and scar formation occurred&#46; At seven months of age&#44; oral isotretinoin was started at a dose of 0&#46;5&#160;mg&#47;kg&#47;day &#40;target dose 960&#8210;1200&#160;mg&#41;&#46; The 10&#160;mg capsule was frozen and half of the tablet was administered to the child in the milk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After reaching the 150&#160;mg&#47;kg dose nine months later and with gradual adjustment according to weight gain &#40;up to &#190; of the tablet&#41;&#44; there was no disease activity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; throughout a 12-month follow-up&#46; During treatment&#44; the patient had mild cheilitis and xerosis&#44; without laboratory alterations&#46; As post-isotretinoin maintenance therapy&#44; the fixed combination of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide was prescribed&#44; as well as non-comedogenic emollients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The androgenic hormonal laboratory investigation is mandatory in cases of refractory infantile acne&#44; although most cases are not related to underlying endocrine diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Oral isotretinoin&#44; as well as topical therapy&#44; are off-label treatments at this age&#59; however&#44; the many recently published cases demonstrate not only important clinical improvement in refractory cases but also their safe use in infants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acitretin is used in recessive congenital ichthyosis throughout life&#44; since birth&#44; being the confirmation test of retinoid safety in childhood&#46; Early closure of epiphyses in children treated with oral retinoids is a rare event&#44; associated with previous diseases&#44; use of high doses&#44; or prolonged treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the meantime&#44; oral isotretinoin&#44; when prescribed for refractory infantile acne&#44; is a short-term treatment that requires low doses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The oral isotretinoin dose for infantile acne varies among publications between 0&#46;2 and 2&#46;0&#160;mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#44; with a total treatment period of five up to 14 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> According to the latest acne consensus&#44; the cumulative dose of isotretinoin should be the one in which complete clearing of lesions is attained&#44; with drug maintenance for two more months&#44; in contrast to the strict recommendation of reaching 120&#8210;150&#160;mg&#47;kg in all patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Delay in the diagnosis of infantile acne is mainly due to the rarity of the disease at this age&#44; as well as undertreatment and delay in the introduction of oral isotretinoin in these children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is therefore important that infants with severe&#44; chronic acne&#44; refractory to conventional treatment&#44; be evaluated for underlying endocrinological disorders&#44; not delaying drug use when there is resistance to oral antibiotics as well as the formation of scars&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grasielle Silva Santos&#58; Design and planning of the study&#59; data survey&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mayra Ianhez&#58; Design and planning of the study&#59; data survey&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; critical review of important intellectual content&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Helio Amante Miot&#58; Critical review of important intellectual content&#59; analysis and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 03650596
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