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1</a>B&#41;&#46; A diagnosis of BCC was made based on biopsy findings&#46; He underwent surgical excision of the tumor with a 3-mm margin under local anesthesia&#46; Both the deep and peripheral margins were tumor-free&#46; Pathological findings of the excised lesions revealed atypical cells that formed nests extending from the epidermis with a palisading pattern&#46; The nests connected to the superficial dermis without apparent invasion&#44; with an artifactual cleft occurring around the nest &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; A small number of melanin deposits was observed in the tumor&#44; but not in the stroma&#46; HMB-45&#44; MALT-1&#44; and S-100 were positive in some of the tumor cells&#46; Positive alcian blue and colloidal iron staining revealed mucin deposition in the stroma surrounding the tumor nests&#46; The postoperative course was uneventful&#44; and there was no evidence of recurrence 6 months after surgery&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary umbilical malignancies are rare&#46; Malignant skin tumors affecting the umbilicus include adenocarcinoma of urachal elements&#44; BCC&#44; malignant melanoma&#44; ectopic Paget&#8217;s disease&#44; mycosis fungoides&#44; and squamous cell carcinoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Previous literature reported that among 112 umbilical tumors&#44; 48 were malignant and 64 were benign&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Among the 48 malignant tumors&#44; 40 were metastases from other organs &#40;the stomach&#44; pancreas&#44; intestines&#44; ovaries&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; and 8 were primary malignant tumors &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Among the 8 primary malignancies&#44; malignant melanoma was the most frequent &#40;4 cases&#41;&#44; followed by BCC &#40;2 cases&#44; 1&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Among 518 surgical cases of BCC in the hospital from 2004 to 2020&#44; none involved the umbilicus&#44; and this is the first case&#46; The frequency was estimated to be 0&#46;2&#37; &#40;1&#47;518&#41;&#46; According to a survey of BCC in 2010 in Japan&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> 1162 of 1578 BCC cases &#40;73&#46;6&#37;&#41; arose in the head and neck region&#44; while 3 &#40;0&#46;2&#37;&#41; arose in the umbilicus&#46; To the best of our knowledge&#44; there are 16 previously reported cases of BCC arising in the umbilicus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These included 5 men and 11 women&#44; 2&#46;2 times more common in women&#44; and the most common histologic subtype was nodular &#40;9&#47;16&#41;&#44; followed by superficial type &#40;3&#47;16&#41;&#46; The present case was the superficial type&#46; Pigmented BCC&#44; in which melanin is microscopically detected in the tumor&#44; surrounding stroma&#44; or both&#44; was observed in 2 of the 16 cases&#46; This case clinically presented with a brownish or pigmented nodule&#44; and histopathologically&#44; a small number of melanin deposits was observed in the tumor&#44; but not in the stroma&#46; It has been reported that 48&#46;5&#37; of superficial BCCs occur on the trunk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Therefore&#44; the superficial type may not be rare in the BCC of the umbilicus&#46; According to a previous report&#44; most patients with BCC had a surgical excision&#44; and the prognosis was generally favorable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Sun exposure is a risk factor for BCC&#44; but umbilical BCC is not associated with a history of prolonged sun exposure to the area&#46; BCC occurring in the umbilicus is exceedingly rare&#44; but the prognosis after surgery is good&#46; When BCC is suspected&#44; dermoscopy and biopsy should be undertaken&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maki Takada wrote the initial draft of the manuscript&#46; Toshiyuki Yamamoto assisted in the preparation of the manuscript&#46; Tatsuhiko Mori and Yuka Hanami performed data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#46; All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Letter - Clinical
A case of basal cell carcinoma arising in the umbilicus
Maki Takada
Corresponding author
takadamk@fmu.ac.jp

Corresponding author.
, Tatsuhiko Mori, Yuka Hanami, Toshiyuki Yamamoto
Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;A&#41; Basal cell carcinoma in the umbilicus was excised&#44; and histopathological examination revealed nests of tumor cells connected to the superficial dermis &#40;Hematoxylin &#38; eosin &#215;100&#41;&#46; &#40;B&#41; Higher magnification shows a small number of melanin deposits in the tumor&#46; &#40;Hematoxylin &#38; eosin&#44; &#215;400&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Basal cell carcinoma &#40;BCC&#41; is one of the most common cutaneous malignant tumors&#44; and more than half of BCCs arise in sun-exposed areas such as the head and neck region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Here the authors report a rare case of BCC arising in the umbilicus&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 72-year-old man was referred to the present study&#8217;s hospital&#44; complaining of a pigmented lesion in his umbilicus that appeared one year previously&#46; Physical examination revealed a solitary 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm pigmented nodule &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>Aa&#41;&#46; Dermoscopy showed large blue-gray ovoid nests and the lack of a pigmented network &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; A diagnosis of BCC was made based on biopsy findings&#46; He underwent surgical excision of the tumor with a 3-mm margin under local anesthesia&#46; Both the deep and peripheral margins were tumor-free&#46; Pathological findings of the excised lesions revealed atypical cells that formed nests extending from the epidermis with a palisading pattern&#46; The nests connected to the superficial dermis without apparent invasion&#44; with an artifactual cleft occurring around the nest &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; A small number of melanin deposits was observed in the tumor&#44; but not in the stroma&#46; HMB-45&#44; MALT-1&#44; and S-100 were positive in some of the tumor cells&#46; Positive alcian blue and colloidal iron staining revealed mucin deposition in the stroma surrounding the tumor nests&#46; The postoperative course was uneventful&#44; and there was no evidence of recurrence 6 months after surgery&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary umbilical malignancies are rare&#46; Malignant skin tumors affecting the umbilicus include adenocarcinoma of urachal elements&#44; BCC&#44; malignant melanoma&#44; ectopic Paget&#8217;s disease&#44; mycosis fungoides&#44; and squamous cell carcinoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Previous literature reported that among 112 umbilical tumors&#44; 48 were malignant and 64 were benign&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Among the 48 malignant tumors&#44; 40 were metastases from other organs &#40;the stomach&#44; pancreas&#44; intestines&#44; ovaries&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; and 8 were primary malignant tumors &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Among the 8 primary malignancies&#44; malignant melanoma was the most frequent &#40;4 cases&#41;&#44; followed by BCC &#40;2 cases&#44; 1&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Among 518 surgical cases of BCC in the hospital from 2004 to 2020&#44; none involved the umbilicus&#44; and this is the first case&#46; The frequency was estimated to be 0&#46;2&#37; &#40;1&#47;518&#41;&#46; According to a survey of BCC in 2010 in Japan&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> 1162 of 1578 BCC cases &#40;73&#46;6&#37;&#41; arose in the head and neck region&#44; while 3 &#40;0&#46;2&#37;&#41; arose in the umbilicus&#46; To the best of our knowledge&#44; there are 16 previously reported cases of BCC arising in the umbilicus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These included 5 men and 11 women&#44; 2&#46;2 times more common in women&#44; and the most common histologic subtype was nodular &#40;9&#47;16&#41;&#44; followed by superficial type &#40;3&#47;16&#41;&#46; The present case was the superficial type&#46; Pigmented BCC&#44; in which melanin is microscopically detected in the tumor&#44; surrounding stroma&#44; or both&#44; was observed in 2 of the 16 cases&#46; This case clinically presented with a brownish or pigmented nodule&#44; and histopathologically&#44; a small number of melanin deposits was observed in the tumor&#44; but not in the stroma&#46; It has been reported that 48&#46;5&#37; of superficial BCCs occur on the trunk&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Therefore&#44; the superficial type may not be rare in the BCC of the umbilicus&#46; According to a previous report&#44; most patients with BCC had a surgical excision&#44; and the prognosis was generally favorable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Sun exposure is a risk factor for BCC&#44; but umbilical BCC is not associated with a history of prolonged sun exposure to the area&#46; BCC occurring in the umbilicus is exceedingly rare&#44; but the prognosis after surgery is good&#46; When BCC is suspected&#44; dermoscopy and biopsy should be undertaken&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maki Takada wrote the initial draft of the manuscript&#46; Toshiyuki Yamamoto assisted in the preparation of the manuscript&#46; Tatsuhiko Mori and Yuka Hanami performed data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#46; All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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