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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41; pandemic&#44; many countries went into lockdown&#44; which began in Spain on March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Most surgeries and appointments were canceled&#44; and the population was concerned about getting infected&#46; Therefore&#44; patients are mainly consulted for severe symptoms&#46; This could lead to a reduction in the diagnosis of different diseases such as skin cancer&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> heart attacks&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> or strokes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and a compromise of cancer screening programs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> In the case of melanoma&#44; a recent study estimated an upstaging of 45&#37; of invasive melanomas after a 3-month delay&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although some authors noted a reduction in the number of diagnosed melanomas during the lockdown&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;9</span></a> other studies showed the opposite results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> However&#44; since most articles limited the studied period to the lockdown it is only possible to estimate the impact of the delay in melanoma diagnosis&#46; We compared the melanomas diagnosed after the lockdown&#44; not only short-term but also once the normal clinical activity was restored&#44; in order to assess if the diagnosis delay due to the COVID-19 lockdown actually meant a prognosis worsening of the melanomas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective&#44; single-center&#44; observational study of histopathologically diagnosed melanomas between March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019&#44; and March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021 was designed&#46; This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee&#46; The data was retrieved from the Pathology Department records of our hospital&#46; Demographic data&#44; referral via teledermatology&#44; melanoma location&#44; Breslow thickness &#40;mm&#41;&#44; presence of mitosis and ulceration&#44; and AJCC &#40;American Joint Committee on Cancer 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> edition&#41; staging were collected&#46; Incidence was calculated per 100&#46;000 inhabitants&#46; Metastatic melanoma and clinically diagnosed melanoma without histopathological confirmation were excluded&#46; The first 6-month period following the start of the lockdown&#44; between March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#44; and September 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020 &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20&#41;&#44; and a second 6-month period between September 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#44; and March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021 &#40;2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#41; were compared with the same periods of the previous year &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19 and 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis was performed using R &#40;R Core Team&#44; Vienna&#44; Austria&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-Mann Whitney were used for quantitative variables&#46; Fisher&#8217;s exact test was used for the analysis of qualitative variables&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 119 melanomas were included&#46; The characteristics of melanomas are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; A total of 29 and 24 melanomas were diagnosed in the 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19 and 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20 respectively&#44; and no differences were found in the incidence &#40;16&#46;1 vs&#46; 13&#46;3 per 100&#46;000 inhabitants&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; A total of 36 and 30 melanomas were diagnosed in the 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19 and 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20 respectively&#44; also without differences in the incidence &#40;20 vs&#46; 16&#46;7 per 100&#46;000 inhabitants&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients in both periods were similar in age and sex &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; There were no differences in location&#44; teledermatology referral rate&#44; and presence of ulceration or mitosis &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Invasive melanomas represented 45&#37; and 67&#37; of the diagnosed melanomas in 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19 and 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20 respectively&#46; After the recovery of the normal activity&#44; the proportion of invasive melanomas was 58&#37; for 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19 and 47&#37; for 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#46; However&#44; no statistically significant differences in in situ&#47;invasive melanoma rates were found in any of the periods&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Breslow thickness of diagnosed melanomas increased in 2ndP20 in comparison with the previous year &#40;2&#46;4 vs&#46; 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; which implied differences in the AJCC stage &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; However&#44; no differences were found in the first period &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discussion</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Different approaches&#44; such as promoting teledermatology&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> were considered to minimize the effects of COVID-19 on melanoma diagnosis&#46; Valenti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> reported a 2&#46;3-month postponement of revisions of advanced skin cancer&#44; which is similar to the 3-mont average delay that we authors estimated since it took 6-months from the beginning of the lockdown until the normal clinical activity was achieved again&#46; According to some studies&#44; this delay would be enough to observe an upstaging of the invasive melanomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> but this increase in Breslow thickness would only be seen once the delay occurred instead of during the lockdown&#46; For this reason&#44; we included a second period after the clinical activity recovered pre-lockdown levels in order to analyze if the diagnosis delay actually had a repercussion in those melanomas that potentially &#8220;stayed at home&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some authors found a significant reduction in melanoma diagnosis during the lockdown&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;9</span></a> However&#44; similar to other reports&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> although we found a decrease in the number of melanomas in both periods &#40;5 in the first period and 6 in the second period&#41;&#44; we did not find a significant reduction in the incidence of melanomas per 100&#46;000 inhabitants in any period&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some reports showed an increase in Breslow thickness or an upstaging of the diagnosed melanomas during the lockdown in comparison with the previous year&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> but since some also showed an important decrease in the number of diagnoses&#44; mainly of in situ melanomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> we believe that it would be the outcome of thin melanoma under-diagnosis rather than an &#8220;immediate&#8221; growth of melanomas due to the lockdown&#46; As expected&#44; we did not find differences in Breslow thickness in the first period&#44; but we found a significant increase in Breslow thickness after the recovery of the normal activity compared with the previous year &#40;1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19 vs&#46; 2&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; which implied an upstaging according to the AJCC 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed&#46; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; This indicates that although we did not find a reduction in the incidence&#44; some melanomas actually suffered a diagnosis delay&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; this prognosis worsening found in invasive melanomas due to the deferral seems not to affect in situ melanomas likewise&#46; Coinciding with other reports&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> our results do not show differences in in situ and invasive melanoma rates before and after the beginning of the lockdown&#44; and after the recovery of normal clinical activity &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; we can assume that a 3-month average diagnosis delay due to COVID-19 did not mean a progression of in situ melanomas in our sample&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More studies after the normal clinical activity was resumed are required to assess if the diagnosis deferral actually implied an increased progression to invasive melanomas&#46; Although this situation of melanoma diagnosis delay will hopefully not happen again&#44; we believe that it is an exceptional opportunity for the investigation of in situ and invasive melanoma biology&#46; Further investigation in this area could provide valuable information to the melanoma detection protocols and to better understand its natural behavior&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclusions</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was not found a reduction in the incidence of melanomas in any of the considered periods&#46; However&#44; the increase in Breslow thickness and the consequent upstaging observed&#44; once the normal clinical activity was restored&#44; suggests that the COVID-19 lockdown caused a delay in the diagnosis of melanoma and a prognosis worsening of the invasive melanomas&#46; The similar in situ&#47;invasive melanoma rates suggest that a 3-month average diagnosis delay does not necessarily imply an increase in the progression of in situ melanomas&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We believe that it is important to reassess the real repercussion of the lockdown in melanoma by analyzing the melanomas diagnosed once the pre-pandemic clinical activity was restored&#46; The presented results might not be completely generalizable to other regions with different COVID-19 incidences&#46; Therefore&#44; we encourage other authors to analyze mid-term melanoma diagnoses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Financial support</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro Gil-Pallares&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Olalla Figueroa-Silva&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Eugenia Gil-Pallares&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; &#193;ngel V&#225;zquez-Bueno&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisca Pi&#241;eyro-Molina&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Benigno Monteagudo&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cristina De las Heras-Sotos&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 lockdown possibly meant a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and therefore&#44; worsening its prognosis&#46; This unique situation of diagnosis deferral is an exceptional opportunity to investigate melanoma biology&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the immediate and mid-term impact of diagnosis delay on melanoma&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective observational study of melanoma diagnosed between March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019 and March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021&#46; We compared the characteristics of melanomas diagnosed during the first 6-month period after the lockdown instauration and a second period after recovery of normal activity with the same periods of the previous year&#44; respectively&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 119 melanomas were diagnosed&#46; There were no differences in age&#44; sex&#44; incidence&#44; location&#44; presence of ulceration or mitoses&#44; and in situ&#47;invasive melanoma rate &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; After the recovery of the normal activity&#44; Breslow thickness increased in comparison with the previous year &#40;2&#46;4 vs 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; resulting in a significant upstaging according to the AJCC 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed&#46; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Study limitations</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation is that this is a single-center study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 lockdown implied a diagnosis delay leading to a mid-term increase in Breslow thickness and an upstaging of invasive melanomas&#46; However&#44; the detection deferral did not result in a higher progression of in situ to invasive melanoma&#44; in our sample&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> Period</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> Period</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Incidence per-100&#46;000 inhabitants</span></td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;583&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;539&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Age &#40;mean&#41;</span></td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;974&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sex</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;612&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;48&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;46&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;31&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;37&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;52&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;54&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;69&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;63&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Location</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;777&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;396&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Head and neck&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;34&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;30&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anterior trunk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Posterior trunk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;31&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;31&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;27&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Upper extr&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;21&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;13&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;11&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Lower extr&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Referral</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Teledermatology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;46&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In situ</span>&#47;invasive</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;166&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;458&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In situ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Invasive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;67&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;58&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Breslow Thickness &#40;mm&#44; mean&#41;</span></td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mitoses</span></td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">pT staging group &#40;AJCC 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed&#46;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                      "titulo" => "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures on cancer diagnosis in Catalonia&#58; a time-series analysis of primary care electronic health records covering about five million people"
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Original Article
Did COVID-19 lockdown delay actually worsen melanoma prognosis?
Pedro Gil-Pallaresa,
Corresponding author
pedrogilpallares@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Olalla Figueroa-Silvaa, Maria Eugenia Gil-Pallaresc, José Ángel Vázquez-Buenob, Francisca Piñeyro-Molinaa, Benigno Monteagudoa, Cristina De las Heras-Sotosa
a Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain
b Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain
c Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Breslow thickness of invasive melanomas did not significantly differ during the first period &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;A&#41;&#46; However&#44; a statistically significant increase in Breslow thickness was seen in the 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#44; after the recovery of normal activity&#44; in comparison with the previous year &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;B&#41;&#46; These results suggest that some invasive melanomas suffered a diagnosis delay which implied a prognosis worsening&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41; pandemic&#44; many countries went into lockdown&#44; which began in Spain on March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Most surgeries and appointments were canceled&#44; and the population was concerned about getting infected&#46; Therefore&#44; patients are mainly consulted for severe symptoms&#46; This could lead to a reduction in the diagnosis of different diseases such as skin cancer&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> heart attacks&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> or strokes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and a compromise of cancer screening programs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> In the case of melanoma&#44; a recent study estimated an upstaging of 45&#37; of invasive melanomas after a 3-month delay&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although some authors noted a reduction in the number of diagnosed melanomas during the lockdown&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;9</span></a> other studies showed the opposite results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> However&#44; since most articles limited the studied period to the lockdown it is only possible to estimate the impact of the delay in melanoma diagnosis&#46; We compared the melanomas diagnosed after the lockdown&#44; not only short-term but also once the normal clinical activity was restored&#44; in order to assess if the diagnosis delay due to the COVID-19 lockdown actually meant a prognosis worsening of the melanomas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective&#44; single-center&#44; observational study of histopathologically diagnosed melanomas between March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019&#44; and March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021 was designed&#46; This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee&#46; The data was retrieved from the Pathology Department records of our hospital&#46; Demographic data&#44; referral via teledermatology&#44; melanoma location&#44; Breslow thickness &#40;mm&#41;&#44; presence of mitosis and ulceration&#44; and AJCC &#40;American Joint Committee on Cancer 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> edition&#41; staging were collected&#46; Incidence was calculated per 100&#46;000 inhabitants&#46; Metastatic melanoma and clinically diagnosed melanoma without histopathological confirmation were excluded&#46; The first 6-month period following the start of the lockdown&#44; between March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#44; and September 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020 &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20&#41;&#44; and a second 6-month period between September 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#44; and March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021 &#40;2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#41; were compared with the same periods of the previous year &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19 and 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis was performed using R &#40;R Core Team&#44; Vienna&#44; Austria&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-Mann Whitney were used for quantitative variables&#46; Fisher&#8217;s exact test was used for the analysis of qualitative variables&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 119 melanomas were included&#46; The characteristics of melanomas are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; A total of 29 and 24 melanomas were diagnosed in the 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19 and 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20 respectively&#44; and no differences were found in the incidence &#40;16&#46;1 vs&#46; 13&#46;3 per 100&#46;000 inhabitants&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; A total of 36 and 30 melanomas were diagnosed in the 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19 and 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20 respectively&#44; also without differences in the incidence &#40;20 vs&#46; 16&#46;7 per 100&#46;000 inhabitants&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients in both periods were similar in age and sex &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; There were no differences in location&#44; teledermatology referral rate&#44; and presence of ulceration or mitosis &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Invasive melanomas represented 45&#37; and 67&#37; of the diagnosed melanomas in 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19 and 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20 respectively&#46; After the recovery of the normal activity&#44; the proportion of invasive melanomas was 58&#37; for 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19 and 47&#37; for 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#46; However&#44; no statistically significant differences in in situ&#47;invasive melanoma rates were found in any of the periods&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Breslow thickness of diagnosed melanomas increased in 2ndP20 in comparison with the previous year &#40;2&#46;4 vs&#46; 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; which implied differences in the AJCC stage &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; However&#44; no differences were found in the first period &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discussion</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Different approaches&#44; such as promoting teledermatology&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> were considered to minimize the effects of COVID-19 on melanoma diagnosis&#46; Valenti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> reported a 2&#46;3-month postponement of revisions of advanced skin cancer&#44; which is similar to the 3-mont average delay that we authors estimated since it took 6-months from the beginning of the lockdown until the normal clinical activity was achieved again&#46; According to some studies&#44; this delay would be enough to observe an upstaging of the invasive melanomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> but this increase in Breslow thickness would only be seen once the delay occurred instead of during the lockdown&#46; For this reason&#44; we included a second period after the clinical activity recovered pre-lockdown levels in order to analyze if the diagnosis delay actually had a repercussion in those melanomas that potentially &#8220;stayed at home&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some authors found a significant reduction in melanoma diagnosis during the lockdown&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;9</span></a> However&#44; similar to other reports&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> although we found a decrease in the number of melanomas in both periods &#40;5 in the first period and 6 in the second period&#41;&#44; we did not find a significant reduction in the incidence of melanomas per 100&#46;000 inhabitants in any period&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some reports showed an increase in Breslow thickness or an upstaging of the diagnosed melanomas during the lockdown in comparison with the previous year&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> but since some also showed an important decrease in the number of diagnoses&#44; mainly of in situ melanomas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> we believe that it would be the outcome of thin melanoma under-diagnosis rather than an &#8220;immediate&#8221; growth of melanomas due to the lockdown&#46; As expected&#44; we did not find differences in Breslow thickness in the first period&#44; but we found a significant increase in Breslow thickness after the recovery of the normal activity compared with the previous year &#40;1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19 vs&#46; 2&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; which implied an upstaging according to the AJCC 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed&#46; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; This indicates that although we did not find a reduction in the incidence&#44; some melanomas actually suffered a diagnosis delay&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; this prognosis worsening found in invasive melanomas due to the deferral seems not to affect in situ melanomas likewise&#46; Coinciding with other reports&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> our results do not show differences in in situ and invasive melanoma rates before and after the beginning of the lockdown&#44; and after the recovery of normal clinical activity &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; we can assume that a 3-month average diagnosis delay due to COVID-19 did not mean a progression of in situ melanomas in our sample&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More studies after the normal clinical activity was resumed are required to assess if the diagnosis deferral actually implied an increased progression to invasive melanomas&#46; Although this situation of melanoma diagnosis delay will hopefully not happen again&#44; we believe that it is an exceptional opportunity for the investigation of in situ and invasive melanoma biology&#46; Further investigation in this area could provide valuable information to the melanoma detection protocols and to better understand its natural behavior&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclusions</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was not found a reduction in the incidence of melanomas in any of the considered periods&#46; However&#44; the increase in Breslow thickness and the consequent upstaging observed&#44; once the normal clinical activity was restored&#44; suggests that the COVID-19 lockdown caused a delay in the diagnosis of melanoma and a prognosis worsening of the invasive melanomas&#46; The similar in situ&#47;invasive melanoma rates suggest that a 3-month average diagnosis delay does not necessarily imply an increase in the progression of in situ melanomas&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We believe that it is important to reassess the real repercussion of the lockdown in melanoma by analyzing the melanomas diagnosed once the pre-pandemic clinical activity was restored&#46; The presented results might not be completely generalizable to other regions with different COVID-19 incidences&#46; Therefore&#44; we encourage other authors to analyze mid-term melanoma diagnoses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Financial support</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro Gil-Pallares&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Olalla Figueroa-Silva&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Eugenia Gil-Pallares&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; &#193;ngel V&#225;zquez-Bueno&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisca Pi&#241;eyro-Molina&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Benigno Monteagudo&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cristina De las Heras-Sotos&#58; The study concept and design&#59; data collection&#44; or analysis and interpretation of data&#59; statistical analysis&#59; writing of the manuscript or critical review of important intellectual content&#59; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; effective participation in the research guidance&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; final approval of the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 lockdown possibly meant a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and therefore&#44; worsening its prognosis&#46; This unique situation of diagnosis deferral is an exceptional opportunity to investigate melanoma biology&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the immediate and mid-term impact of diagnosis delay on melanoma&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective observational study of melanoma diagnosed between March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019 and March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021&#46; We compared the characteristics of melanomas diagnosed during the first 6-month period after the lockdown instauration and a second period after recovery of normal activity with the same periods of the previous year&#44; respectively&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 119 melanomas were diagnosed&#46; There were no differences in age&#44; sex&#44; incidence&#44; location&#44; presence of ulceration or mitoses&#44; and in situ&#47;invasive melanoma rate &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; After the recovery of the normal activity&#44; Breslow thickness increased in comparison with the previous year &#40;2&#46;4 vs 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; resulting in a significant upstaging according to the AJCC 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed&#46; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Study limitations</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation is that this is a single-center study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The COVID-19 lockdown implied a diagnosis delay leading to a mid-term increase in Breslow thickness and an upstaging of invasive melanomas&#46; However&#44; the detection deferral did not result in a higher progression of in situ to invasive melanoma&#44; in our sample&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:6 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Objectives"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
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            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Study limitations"
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            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Study conducted at the Department of Dermatology of the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol in Ferrol&#44; A Coru&#241;a&#44; Spain&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2020
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
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            "identificador" => "at0030"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Breslow thickness of invasive melanomas did not significantly differ during the first period &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;A&#41;&#46; However&#44; a statistically significant increase in Breslow thickness was seen in the 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#44; after the recovery of normal activity&#44; in comparison with the previous year &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; &#40;B&#41;&#46; These results suggest that some invasive melanomas suffered a diagnosis delay which implied a prognosis worsening&#46;</p>"
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        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Footnote&#58; 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P19&#44; March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019 &#8210; September 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019&#46; 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> P20&#44; March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020 &#8211; September 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#46; 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P19&#44; September 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019 &#8210; March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020&#46; 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> P20&#44; September 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2020 &#8210; March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Location</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;396&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Head and neck&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anterior trunk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Posterior trunk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Upper extr&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Lower extr&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Referral</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Teledermatology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In situ</span>&#47;invasive</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;166&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In situ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Invasive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Breslow Thickness &#40;mm&#44; mean&#41;</span></td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;040<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ulceration</span></td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mitoses</span></td><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">pT staging group &#40;AJCC 8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed&#46;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;044<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">pT1a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;38&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient and tumor characteristics of the melanomas diagnosed between March 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2019 and March 13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> 2021&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures on cancer diagnosis in Catalonia&#58; a time-series analysis of primary care electronic health records covering about five million people"
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                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Marson"
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                            3 => "J&#46; Meisenheimer"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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