Letter - Tropical/Infectious and parasitic dermatology
Cervical sporotrichosis simulating squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with photodamage
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She was previously hypertensive and used losartan 50 mg/day. She reported the appearance of an erythematous lesion on the cervical region approximately four months after trauma caused by a tree branch. The lesion had grown over a three-month period, with pruritus and local pain, when she came for the appointment. On examination, a plaque with an erythematous-infiltrated border was identified, showing a vegetating and hyperkeratotic center, covered by pustules, meliceric crusts, and black dots, on the anterior cervical region (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1</a>A and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">1</a>B). Skin photodamage was observed around this lesion, with melanosis, leukoderma and solar elastosis. After the diagnostic hypothesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), an incisional biopsy of the lesion was performed. Histopathology showed pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia with epithelial abscesses, epithelioid granulomatous reaction and mixed inflammatory infiltrate, containing many plasma cells. Direct screening for fungi and alcohol-acid resistant bacilli was negative. The culture in modified Sabouraud agar showed a black filamentous colony with a white halo (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>), a microculture characteristic of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sporothrix spp</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Oral itraconazole 200 mg/day was started and continued for two months, without clinical improvement, being replaced by potassium iodide solution 5 g/day for six months, totaling eight months of treatment. Due to the persistence of an unaesthetic scar (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>A), four cryosurgery sessions were performed, with satisfactory results (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sporotrichosis represents the most common subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> being caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sporothrix spp</span>., mainly by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S. schenckii</span>. However, in the last 20 years, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S. brasiliensis</span> infections have been increasingly reported.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Traditionally, the infection was acquired by cutaneous inoculation of the pathogen into the body extremities after trauma, handling of soil, plants or contaminated organic material. Therefore, agriculture, mining, and floriculture were associated with a higher risk of infection, with a predominance of the lymphocutaneous clinical form in men (80%–95%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> However, a change occurred in the transmission profile in the late 1990s, being reported in the urban environment due to contact with infected cats, resulting in an increase in the number of cases in women and children, with atypical cutaneous locations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> In Brazil, this has become the most often described form of contamination in recent years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5</span></a> This case report describes risk factors for both forms of contamination.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The localized cutaneous variant, as described in this case, is less frequent and manifests as a single papulonodular lesion, which may develop an infiltrated or vegetating appearance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The main differential diagnoses include paracoccidioidomycosis, leishmaniasis, chromomycosis, cutaneous tuberculosis, SCC, and non-infectious ulcers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> There are reports in the literature of sporotrichosis simulating keratoacanthoma and Merkel cell carcinoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> but no cases mimicking SCC.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis can be confirmed by fungal culture and microculture,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> as in the present report. The molecular identification of the pathogen was not performed due to the unavailability of such test. The standard treatment comprises oral itraconazole (first choice), potassium iodide solution, or terbinafine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Treatment duration varies according to the clinical form, fungal virulence and/or the host’s immune status. Cryosurgery and electrosurgery can be combined with medication to reduce treatment duration, also being options for hyperkeratotic lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,9</span></a> In the present case report, we initially chose the standard treatment with systemic medication, complemented by cryosurgery, due to the size and location of the lesion.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors' contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Emily Neves Souza: design and planning of the study; drafting and editing of the manuscript; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; critical review of the literature; critical review of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lucia Martins Diniz: design and planning of the study; effective participation in research orientation; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and/or therapeutic conduct of the studied case; critical review of the literature; critical review of the manuscript; approval of the final version of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luana Amaral de Moura: design and planning of the study; drafting and editing of the manuscript; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; critical review of the literature.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Valentina Lourenço Lacerda de Oliveira: design and planning of the study; drafting and editing of the manuscript; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; critical review of the literature.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Henrique Vivacqua Leal Teixeira de Siqueira: design and planning of the study; drafting and editing of the manuscript; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; critical review of the literature.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Financial support" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Authors' contributions" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-10-09" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-12-12" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Study conducted at the Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Vitória, ES, Brazil.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1232 "Ancho" => 2925 "Tamanyo" => 574845 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Erythematous-infiltrated plaque with hyperkeratotic surface on the anterior cervical region. (B) Details of the erythematous-infiltrated plaque, showing pustules, meliceric crusts and black dots.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2711 "Ancho" => 1167 "Tamanyo" => 815574 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Culture on modified Sabouraud agar medium with macromorphology showing a black filamentous colony with a white halo.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1241 "Ancho" => 2925 "Tamanyo" => 643424 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Unaesthetic cicatricial plaque with hyperkeratotic edges after treatment for sporotrichosis. (B) Residual lesion after four cryotherapy sessions.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology of sporotrichosis in Latin America" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "I.A.C. Díaz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/BF00436061" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mycopathologia." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 25 | 6 | 31 |
| 2024 October | 125 | 83 | 208 |
| 2024 September | 172 | 104 | 276 |
| 2024 August | 184 | 139 | 323 |
| 2024 July | 147 | 106 | 253 |
| 2024 June | 107 | 74 | 181 |
| 2024 May | 143 | 69 | 212 |
| 2024 April | 109 | 90 | 199 |
| 2024 March | 93 | 73 | 166 |
| 2024 February | 101 | 86 | 187 |
| 2024 January | 69 | 50 | 119 |
| 2023 December | 68 | 74 | 142 |
| 2023 November | 82 | 87 | 169 |
| 2023 October | 72 | 87 | 159 |
| 2023 September | 78 | 86 | 164 |
| 2023 August | 93 | 40 | 133 |
| 2023 July | 69 | 44 | 113 |
| 2023 June | 69 | 48 | 117 |
| 2023 May | 55 | 31 | 86 |
| 2023 April | 95 | 42 | 137 |
| 2023 March | 117 | 67 | 184 |
| 2023 February | 100 | 45 | 145 |
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| 2022 December | 49 | 49 | 98 |
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