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It was first reported by the hairdressers while the individuals were having a haircut&#46; The inheritance pattern was autosomal dominant&#44; and the patients had no associated comorbidities or hair fragility&#46; Lighter and darker areas were seen in the hair shafts in light microscopy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; The examination with polarized light showed areas with birefringence &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>c&#41;&#46; The diagnosis was confirmed in all five patients with scanning electron microscopy&#44; which showed surface undulations with &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; folding of the hair cuticula &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hairs of two affected patients and one control were embedded in resin and cut lengthwise to produce ultra-thin sections of the hair shaft cortex to be examined with TEM&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hair specimens of the unaffected control showed a parallel arrangement of dark lines associated with less electron-dense wide bands &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>a and c&#41;&#46; Small cavities could be observed&#44; mostly in the dark lines &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>b&#8210;d&#41;&#46; These cavities occur spontaneously &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>c and d&#41; or in areas where the melanosomes are inserted&#44; which are usually seen in the dark lines &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>b and d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lower magnification revealed that the first affected patient had a large number of cavities&#44; associated or not with the insertion of melanosomes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>a and c&#41; and loss of parallelism of the dark lines&#46; Higher magnification showed a significant loss of this parallelism&#44; resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>b and c&#41;&#46; Indentations were seen in the cuticle near the surface &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second affected patient also demonstrated a significant loss of dark line parallelism &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>a-d&#41;&#44; also resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221;&#44; with small cavities not associated with the melanosome insertion &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>a&#8210;c&#41;&#46; Widened dark lines were observed in some areas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>b and d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hair shafts are difficult-to-process tissues for electron microscopy due to frequent breakages and image artifacts&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> the reason why there is limited information about TEM in hair diseases&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors obtained hair shafts from one unaffected control showing parallelism of the light wide bands and dark narrow bands in the regular cortex&#46; This finding has been previously described as lines following &#8220;the hair shaft&#8217;s axis&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Some cavities are found in normal hairs cortex&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The air-filled cavities along the hair cortex are well known in TEM analysis of affected PA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> These cavities were found in greater number when compared to unaffected hair&#44; and appear isolated or associated with the insertion of melanosomes&#46; However&#44; another important finding in affected hairs was the irregular arrangement of the cortex dark lines&#44; resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221;&#44; these lines were sometimes widened&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Indentations of undamaged cuticles adjacent to cavities have been previously described using electron microscopy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span></a> however&#44; most of the studies used cross-sections of the inner structure of the hair shaft&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> making it difficult to compare the present findings with longitudinal sections&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SEM shows an intermittent pattern of longitudinal undulations with variable cuticular damage mentioned by some authors as a &#8220;cobblestoned&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;6</span></a> or a &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; appearance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These undulations probably correspond to the regions underlying the cortical changes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present results suggest that the microcanaliculi of the hair shaft surface&#44; easily found with SEM&#44; may be secondary not only to the cavities seen in the sections but also to the disorder of proteins that form this region&#44; shown by the changes in the cortex&#39;s dark lines&#44; which lost their normal parallelism and appeared widened&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Financial support</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Joice Bri&#227;o G&#246;ebel Pinto&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Jr&#46;&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antonia Larangeira de Almeida&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro de Oliveira Firpo&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-07-11"
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            0 => "Scanning electron microscopy"
            1 => "Transmission electron microscopy"
            2 => "Pili annulati"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Little is known about the ultrastructure of pili annulati&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To examine with transmission electron microscopy affected hairs of a family&#44; whose diagnosis had been confirmed in five individuals with scanning electron microscopy&#44; which showed surface undulations with &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; folding of the hair cuticula and to compare the findings with normal control&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hairs of two affected patients and one control were embedded in resin and cut lengthwise to produce ultra-thin sections&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The normal hair showed a parallel arrangement of dark lines associated with less electron-dense wide bands&#46; Small cavities could be observed&#44; mostly in the dark lines&#44; affected hairs had a large number of cavities&#44; associated or not with the insertion of melanosomes and loss of parallelism of the dark lines&#46; Higher magnification showed a significant loss of this parallelism&#44; resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221;&#46; Widened dark lines were observed in some areas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Study limitations</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Only a few hairs were examined&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The present results suggest that the microcanaliculi of the hair surface&#44; easily found with scanning electron microscopy&#44; may be secondary not only to the cavities seen in the sections but also to the disorder of proteins that form this region&#44; demonstrated by the changes of the cortex dark lines&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;a&#41; Clinical aspect on trichoscopy&#46; &#40;b&#41; Light microscopy with discrete lighter area &#40;arrow&#41; &#40;&#215;150&#41;&#46; &#40;c&#41; Microscopy with polarized light showing area with birefringence &#40;arrow&#41;&#46; &#40;d&#41; Scanning electron microscopy &#8210; &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; folding of the cuticula &#40;&#215;1&#44;200&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            1 => "G&#46;N&#46; Eckstein"
                            2 => "A&#46; Benet-pag&#232;s"
                            3 => "A&#46; Tosti"
                            4 => "D&#46;A&#46;R&#46; Berker"
                            5 => "T&#46; Meitinger"
                          ]
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "B&#46; Lalevi&#263;-Vasi&#263;"
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Original Article
Transmission electron microscopy of pili annulati
Joice Brião Göebel Pintoa, Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Jr.a,b,
Corresponding author
hiramalmeidajr@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Antônia Larangeira de Almeidac,d, Pedro de Oliveira Firpod
a Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
b Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
c Dermatology League, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
d Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;a&#41; Clinical aspect on trichoscopy&#46; &#40;b&#41; Light microscopy with discrete lighter area &#40;arrow&#41; &#40;&#215;150&#41;&#46; &#40;c&#41; Microscopy with polarized light showing area with birefringence &#40;arrow&#41;&#46; &#40;d&#41; Scanning electron microscopy &#8210; &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; folding of the cuticula &#40;&#215;1&#44;200&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pili annulati &#40;PA&#41;&#44; a misnomer since rings are not seen&#44; is an uncommon hair shaft disorder&#46; It is characterized by alternating light and dark bands along the hair shaft&#44; which appears shiny and speckled&#44; and is most commonly transmitted as an autosomal dominant disease&#46; This appearance may result from air-filled cavities within the hair shaft&#8217;s cortex<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> revealed in Transmission Electron Microscopy &#40;TEM&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scanning Electron Microscopy &#40;SEM&#41; shows surface undulations with &#8216;curtain&#8211;like&#8217; folding of the hair cuticula&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> An association with alopecia areata&#44; autoimmune thyroid disorders&#44; as well as primary immunoglobulin A deficiency has been reported&#44; but a true pathogenic association with PA has not been established&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> Some cases revealed hair fragility&#44; mainly related to external damage to the previously affected hair&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors examined hair specimens from five affected individuals of one family presented with characteristic alternating light and dark bands &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>a&#41;&#46; It was first reported by the hairdressers while the individuals were having a haircut&#46; The inheritance pattern was autosomal dominant&#44; and the patients had no associated comorbidities or hair fragility&#46; Lighter and darker areas were seen in the hair shafts in light microscopy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; The examination with polarized light showed areas with birefringence &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>c&#41;&#46; The diagnosis was confirmed in all five patients with scanning electron microscopy&#44; which showed surface undulations with &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; folding of the hair cuticula &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hairs of two affected patients and one control were embedded in resin and cut lengthwise to produce ultra-thin sections of the hair shaft cortex to be examined with TEM&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hair specimens of the unaffected control showed a parallel arrangement of dark lines associated with less electron-dense wide bands &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>a and c&#41;&#46; Small cavities could be observed&#44; mostly in the dark lines &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>b&#8210;d&#41;&#46; These cavities occur spontaneously &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>c and d&#41; or in areas where the melanosomes are inserted&#44; which are usually seen in the dark lines &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>b and d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lower magnification revealed that the first affected patient had a large number of cavities&#44; associated or not with the insertion of melanosomes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>a and c&#41; and loss of parallelism of the dark lines&#46; Higher magnification showed a significant loss of this parallelism&#44; resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>b and c&#41;&#46; Indentations were seen in the cuticle near the surface &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second affected patient also demonstrated a significant loss of dark line parallelism &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>a-d&#41;&#44; also resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221;&#44; with small cavities not associated with the melanosome insertion &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>a&#8210;c&#41;&#46; Widened dark lines were observed in some areas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>b and d&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hair shafts are difficult-to-process tissues for electron microscopy due to frequent breakages and image artifacts&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> the reason why there is limited information about TEM in hair diseases&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors obtained hair shafts from one unaffected control showing parallelism of the light wide bands and dark narrow bands in the regular cortex&#46; This finding has been previously described as lines following &#8220;the hair shaft&#8217;s axis&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Some cavities are found in normal hairs cortex&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The air-filled cavities along the hair cortex are well known in TEM analysis of affected PA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> These cavities were found in greater number when compared to unaffected hair&#44; and appear isolated or associated with the insertion of melanosomes&#46; However&#44; another important finding in affected hairs was the irregular arrangement of the cortex dark lines&#44; resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221;&#44; these lines were sometimes widened&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Indentations of undamaged cuticles adjacent to cavities have been previously described using electron microscopy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span></a> however&#44; most of the studies used cross-sections of the inner structure of the hair shaft&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> making it difficult to compare the present findings with longitudinal sections&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SEM shows an intermittent pattern of longitudinal undulations with variable cuticular damage mentioned by some authors as a &#8220;cobblestoned&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;6</span></a> or a &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; appearance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These undulations probably correspond to the regions underlying the cortical changes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present results suggest that the microcanaliculi of the hair shaft surface&#44; easily found with SEM&#44; may be secondary not only to the cavities seen in the sections but also to the disorder of proteins that form this region&#44; shown by the changes in the cortex&#39;s dark lines&#44; which lost their normal parallelism and appeared widened&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Financial support</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Joice Bri&#227;o G&#246;ebel Pinto&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Jr&#46;&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#59; study conception and planning&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antonia Larangeira de Almeida&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pedro de Oliveira Firpo&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; critical literature review&#59; data collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic management of studied cases&#59; manuscript critical review&#59; preparation and writing of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Little is known about the ultrastructure of pili annulati&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To examine with transmission electron microscopy affected hairs of a family&#44; whose diagnosis had been confirmed in five individuals with scanning electron microscopy&#44; which showed surface undulations with &#8220;curtain-like&#8221; folding of the hair cuticula and to compare the findings with normal control&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hairs of two affected patients and one control were embedded in resin and cut lengthwise to produce ultra-thin sections&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The normal hair showed a parallel arrangement of dark lines associated with less electron-dense wide bands&#46; Small cavities could be observed&#44; mostly in the dark lines&#44; affected hairs had a large number of cavities&#44; associated or not with the insertion of melanosomes and loss of parallelism of the dark lines&#46; Higher magnification showed a significant loss of this parallelism&#44; resembling &#8220;wood grooves&#8221;&#46; Widened dark lines were observed in some areas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Study limitations</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Only a few hairs were examined&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The present results suggest that the microcanaliculi of the hair surface&#44; easily found with scanning electron microscopy&#44; may be secondary not only to the cavities seen in the sections but also to the disorder of proteins that form this region&#44; demonstrated by the changes of the cortex dark lines&#46;</p></span>"
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                      "titulo" => "A gene locus responsible for the familial hair shaft abnormality pili annulati maps to chromosome 12q24&#46;32&#8211;24&#46;33"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;A&#46; Giehl"
                            1 => "G&#46;N&#46; Eckstein"
                            2 => "A&#46; Benet-pag&#232;s"
                            3 => "A&#46; Tosti"
                            4 => "D&#46;A&#46;R&#46; Berker"
                            5 => "T&#46; Meitinger"
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                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23423.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Invest Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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