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Since the second child was delivered by cesarean section&#44; her menstruation has become irregular&#44; often accompanied by bloody leucorrhea&#44; and finally&#44; secondary amenorrhea appeared&#46; No fever&#44; night sweats&#44; and weight loss&#46; Misdiagnosed as a common bacterial infection&#44; Behcet&#39;s disease&#44; or pyoderma gangrenosum in local clinics&#44; but anti-infective treatment and glucocorticoid therapy were not effective&#46; Physical examination found an ulcer with purulent exudation and infiltrative borders in the vulva &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>a&#41;&#46; The ratio of leukocyte and neutrophil was increased&#46; Purified protein derivative skin test and tuberculin test were positive&#46; Hysteroscopy revealed bilateral adhesion of uterine horns and double fallopian tubes&#46; Fluorescent quantitative PCR detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> in endometrial specimens was positive&#46; Histopathology of the vulvar ulcer revealed granulomas with caseous necrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate&#44; which confirmed the diagnosis of vulvar ulcerative CTB secondary to genital TB&#46; Because the patient&#8217;s uric acid was slightly elevated&#44; pyrazinamide may cause an increase in uric acid and the patient had some gastrointestinal reactions when taking rifampicin&#44; isoniazid&#44; and ethambutol&#44; the authors did not use pyrazinamide under a comprehensive consideration&#46; The ulcer had healed by the third month and was followed up for five years without recurrence &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; CTB is generally a secondary infection that occurs in patients with internal organ TB&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> The general clinical manifestation of ulcerative CTB is an ulcerative lesion with irregular edges and clear boundaries with a purulent base&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The presence of yellow satellite nodules around the ulcer is characteristic of ulcerative CTB&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In addition to the vulvar lesion &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; endometrial PCR confirmed endometrial TB in our case&#46; It is a common type of genital TB&#44; which usually manifested as abnormal secretions&#44; decreased menstruation&#44; or secondary amenorrhea&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and the patient the authors reported has similar clinical manifestations above&#46; Genital TB generally affects the fallopian tubes almost 100&#37; and the vulva rarely 0&#46;07&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Here&#44; ulcerative CTB of the vulva is an external cue sign of genital TB&#46; Treatment options for various types of CTB are the same as TB&#44; and last for at least 6 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> CTB will not heal itself&#44; and it may be life-threatening if the improper or untimely treatment causes widespread transmission of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Therefore&#44; the early diagnosis and treatment of CTB are particularly important&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Financial support</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jiangfan Yu&#58; Contributed to the study concept and design&#59; wrote the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wenxia Huang&#58; Conducted data collection and statistical analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Guiying Zhang&#58; Effectively participated in the research guidance&#44; the propaedeutic and therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rong Xiao&#58; Contributed to the study concept and design&#59; made a critical review of the literature and finally approved the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that gradually poses a certain threat to public health and economic growth&#46; Tuberculosis typically affects the lungs&#44; pleura&#44; and lymph nodes and rarely the skin&#46; Cutaneous tuberculosis manifesting as ulcerated lesions is also rare and often misdiagnosed and missed by clinicians&#46; Here&#44; the authors report a 29-year-old female patient presenting a vulvar ulcer for 10 months&#44; accompanied by irregular menstruation and increased vaginal secretions&#46; After a skin biopsy and endometrial PCR testing&#44; it was finally diagnosed as vulvar ulcerative cutaneous tuberculosis secondary to genital tuberculosis&#46; Anti-tuberculosis treatment was effective&#46; Cutaneous tuberculosis is called a great imitator&#46; In order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis by clinicians&#44; the authors systematically reviewed this disease as well&#46;</p></span>"
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Tropical/Infectoparasitary Dermatology
Vulvar ulcerative cutaneous tuberculosis secondary to genital tract tuberculosis
Jiangfan Yua, Wenxia Huanga,b, Guiying Zhanga, Rong Xiaoa,
Corresponding author
xiaorong65@csu.edu.cn

Corresponding author.
a Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
b Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People Hospital of Hainan Province, China
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41; is a public health concern caused by infection with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>&#44; typically affecting the lungs &#40;80&#37;&#41; and less than 1&#37; is cutaneous TB &#40;CTB&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The clinical appearance of CTB is quite varied&#44; the most predominant form is lupus vulgaris&#44; while ulcerative lesions are rare&#44; constituting 2&#37; of CTB cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> CTB is often misdiagnosed and missed in daily work&#46; In this report&#44; the authors introduce a rare case of vulvar ulcerative CTB secondary to genital TB and review the relevant literature&#46; A 29-year-old female patient presented with a vulvar ulcer for 10 months&#46; Since the second child was delivered by cesarean section&#44; her menstruation has become irregular&#44; often accompanied by bloody leucorrhea&#44; and finally&#44; secondary amenorrhea appeared&#46; No fever&#44; night sweats&#44; and weight loss&#46; Misdiagnosed as a common bacterial infection&#44; Behcet&#39;s disease&#44; or pyoderma gangrenosum in local clinics&#44; but anti-infective treatment and glucocorticoid therapy were not effective&#46; Physical examination found an ulcer with purulent exudation and infiltrative borders in the vulva &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>a&#41;&#46; The ratio of leukocyte and neutrophil was increased&#46; Purified protein derivative skin test and tuberculin test were positive&#46; Hysteroscopy revealed bilateral adhesion of uterine horns and double fallopian tubes&#46; Fluorescent quantitative PCR detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> in endometrial specimens was positive&#46; Histopathology of the vulvar ulcer revealed granulomas with caseous necrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate&#44; which confirmed the diagnosis of vulvar ulcerative CTB secondary to genital TB&#46; Because the patient&#8217;s uric acid was slightly elevated&#44; pyrazinamide may cause an increase in uric acid and the patient had some gastrointestinal reactions when taking rifampicin&#44; isoniazid&#44; and ethambutol&#44; the authors did not use pyrazinamide under a comprehensive consideration&#46; The ulcer had healed by the third month and was followed up for five years without recurrence &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; CTB is generally a secondary infection that occurs in patients with internal organ TB&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> The general clinical manifestation of ulcerative CTB is an ulcerative lesion with irregular edges and clear boundaries with a purulent base&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The presence of yellow satellite nodules around the ulcer is characteristic of ulcerative CTB&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In addition to the vulvar lesion &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; endometrial PCR confirmed endometrial TB in our case&#46; It is a common type of genital TB&#44; which usually manifested as abnormal secretions&#44; decreased menstruation&#44; or secondary amenorrhea&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and the patient the authors reported has similar clinical manifestations above&#46; Genital TB generally affects the fallopian tubes almost 100&#37; and the vulva rarely 0&#46;07&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Here&#44; ulcerative CTB of the vulva is an external cue sign of genital TB&#46; Treatment options for various types of CTB are the same as TB&#44; and last for at least 6 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> CTB will not heal itself&#44; and it may be life-threatening if the improper or untimely treatment causes widespread transmission of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Therefore&#44; the early diagnosis and treatment of CTB are particularly important&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Financial support</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jiangfan Yu&#58; Contributed to the study concept and design&#59; wrote the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wenxia Huang&#58; Conducted data collection and statistical analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Guiying Zhang&#58; Effectively participated in the research guidance&#44; the propaedeutic and therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rong Xiao&#58; Contributed to the study concept and design&#59; made a critical review of the literature and finally approved the final version of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that gradually poses a certain threat to public health and economic growth&#46; Tuberculosis typically affects the lungs&#44; pleura&#44; and lymph nodes and rarely the skin&#46; Cutaneous tuberculosis manifesting as ulcerated lesions is also rare and often misdiagnosed and missed by clinicians&#46; Here&#44; the authors report a 29-year-old female patient presenting a vulvar ulcer for 10 months&#44; accompanied by irregular menstruation and increased vaginal secretions&#46; After a skin biopsy and endometrial PCR testing&#44; it was finally diagnosed as vulvar ulcerative cutaneous tuberculosis secondary to genital tuberculosis&#46; Anti-tuberculosis treatment was effective&#46; Cutaneous tuberculosis is called a great imitator&#46; In order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis by clinicians&#44; the authors systematically reviewed this disease as well&#46;</p></span>"
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ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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