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vaccine has been shown to have both immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic effects in multibacillary leprosy patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It also reduced the bacillary load&#44; upgraded the lesions immunohistologically&#44; led to complete clearance of granuloma&#44; and reduced the duration of Multidrug Therapy &#40;MDT&#41; in leprosy patients&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This vaccine has not been tried so much in patients with reactions in leprosy as there was a risk of precipitating severe reactions post-vaccination&#46; In this case&#44; the authors of the present study tried the vaccine in a patient of ENL who was steroid-dependent and refractory to thalidomide and other second-line drugs and found a very satisfactory result with a single dose of the MIP vaccine&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Case</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 55-years-male came to Dermatology outpatient with a history of Hansen&#8217;s disease for which the patient had been taking MDT for one and a half years&#46; For the last 8 months&#44; the patient had been developing fever with tender evanescent nodules over the body&#46; General body examination also revealed diffuse infiltration with supraciliary madarosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Sensory examination showed a glove and stocking pattern of hypoesthesia&#46; Neurological examination showed bilateral symmetrical mild thickening of ulnar and common peroneal nerves but no tenderness and power in hands and feet muscles were within normal limit&#46; The patient was diagnosed as a case of Lepromatous Leprosy with ENL&#46; Routine investigations were within normal limits except leukocytosis&#44; and Bacteriological Index &#40;BI&#41; 5&#43;&#46; According to The Erythema Nodosum Leprosum International Study &#40;ENLIST&#41; severity scale&#44; &#40;pain&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#44; fever&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#44; lesions&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#44; inflammation&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#44; extension of lesion&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#44; peripheral edema&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44; bone pain&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44; arthritis&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44; lymphadenopathy&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0 and neuritis&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#41; score was 16&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was started on taking Thalidomide 300&#8239;mg&#47;day&#44; MB-MDT with 300&#8239;mg&#47;day of clofazimine&#44; methylprednisolone 32&#8239;mg&#44; and analgesics to relieve pain&#46; After two weeks&#44; the patient started developing ulnar neuritis with increase numbness in both hands and feet&#46; So&#44; Thalidomide was stopped&#44; and minocycline 100&#8239;mg was started&#46; But there was no improvement in ENL after a month&#46; Then the patient was also put on oral methotrexate 15&#8239;mg&#47;week&#46; Even after four weeks of treatment with a combination of methylprednisolone&#44; methotrexate&#44; minocycline&#44; analgesic&#44; and MB-MDT&#44; the patient&#8217;s condition remained the same with frequent crops of lesions&#46; Then the authors stop all the drugs except MDT and analgesics and planned MIP vaccination after taking consent&#46; The patient was given MIP vaccine&#44; 0&#46;1&#8239;mL intradermally in both arms &#40;around deltoid muscle insertion&#41;&#46; The patient did not complain of any side effects due to vaccination&#46; The condition was much improved after two weeks &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Afterward&#44; the patient had put on minocycline boosted MDT and analgesics for the next 6 months&#46; On further follow-up &#40;after total treatment duration of 2 years and 3 months&#41;&#44; the patient was evaluated clinically&#44; and BI was decreased to 4&#43; with no recurrence&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The WHO launched a 5-year &#8220;Global leprosy strategy 2016&#8211;2020&#8221; in April 2016 titled &#8220;accelerating towards a leprosy-free world&#8221;&#46; Based on total cases at the end of 2018&#44; the prevalence rate of Leprosy corresponds to 0&#46;2&#47;10&#44;000 according to WHO&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The incidence of ENL in patients with multibacillary leprosy is up to 24&#37;&#46; ENL can occur before&#44; during&#44; or after antileprosy treatment&#44; but it is most common in the first 6 months of treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ENL is an immune-mediated inflammatory complication&#46; ENL occurs due to the release of proinflammatory mediators such as Tumor Necrosis Factor &#40;TNF&#41;-alpha&#44; Interferon &#40;IFN&#41;-gamma&#44; and Interleukin &#40;IL&#41;-2&#44; IL-6 and IL-12&#44; IL-17&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> There is increased activation of T-cells in entreated ENL&#46; The ratio of regulatory T-cells to effector memory T-cell decreased in ENL in comparison to LL controls and more T cells are antigen-experienced in ENL&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High-dose corticosteroid is the mainstay of the treatment of ENL but prolonged use leads to serious adverse effects and steroid dependence&#46; The second-line drugs like thalidomide&#44; clofazimine&#44; pentoxifylline&#44; cyclophosphamide&#44; and methotrexate are also very effective and used as steroid-sparing agents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Sometimes chronic ENL becomes refractory to second-line drugs and poses a therapeutic dilemma&#46; A literature search on PubMed revealed the role of azathioprine&#44; Tumor Necrosis Factor &#40;TNF&#41;-&#945; inhibitors&#44; minocycline&#44; and apremilast&#44; in the management of chronic recalcitrant ENL but some of these are associated with unacceptable adverse effects&#44; longer duration and high cost of treatment &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MIP is an autoclaved suspension of non-pathogenic mycobacteria&#46; It modulates the cellular immune response towards the protective Th1 type&#46; It converts nearly 98&#37; of normal lepromin negative healthy contacts to lepromin positivity status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Earlier&#44; the vaccine was avoided in reactions of Leprosy as it was suspected to precipitate one itself&#46; But the authors&#8217; observation on using a single dose of the MIP vaccine in chronic recalcitrant ENL gives an insight in clearing out the acute reaction state of the disease as well&#46; ENL is triggered when there is an abundance of fragmented or granular bacilli in tissues&#46; It has been also postulated that in ENL&#44; there is an imbalance of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets&#46; This is manifested as an increased ratio of helper &#40;CD4&#43;&#41; to suppressor&#47;cytotoxic &#40;CD8&#43;&#41; T-cells in the blood&#46; A decrease in CD8&#43;T-cells may favor the formation and deposition of immune complexes&#46; After immunization with the MIP vaccine&#44; there is accelerated bacteriological clearance and induction of IFN-&#947;&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; and IL-12 secretion&#44; higher NK cell and CD8&#43; T-cell cytotoxic activity&#44; and a decrease in B cells recruitment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> This is a possible explanation of the role of MIP in ENL&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As in ENL&#44; the authors have some limited therapeutic options&#44; adding this vaccine to some treatment-resistant cases will only help us in the future&#46; Though this case suggests that MIP is not just a preventive modality&#44; also as add-on therapy with other anti-ENL regimens but further randomized controlled trials will be needed to explore more possibilities with this vaccine&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sunil Kumar Gupta&#58; Conception and design of the study&#44; acquisition of data&#44; analysis and interpretation of data&#59; drafting the article&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sushantika Kumari&#58; Conception and design of the study&#44; acquisition of data&#44; analysis and interpretation of data&#59; drafting the article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1470068"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-07-16"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-08-24"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Erythema nodosum"
            1 => "Leprosy"
            2 => "Mycobacterium infections"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythema nodosum leprosum is a severe immune reaction that complicates the usual course of multibacillary leprosy&#46; There is increased activation of T-cells in erythema nodosum leprosum&#46; Treatment modalities available to date for the management are systemic steroids&#44; thalidomide&#44; methotrexate&#44; cyclophosphamide&#44; azathioprine&#44; minocycline&#44; and apremilast but none of them is promising and safe&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium indicus pranii</span> is an atypical mycobacterium possessing strong immunomodulatory properties&#46; The vaccine for this mycobacterium has been shown to have both immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic effects in multibacillary leprosy patients&#46; We report a case of chronic recalcitrant erythema nodosum Leprosum which responded to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium indicus pranii</span> vaccine without any adverse effects&#44; thereby suggesting its role as a novel therapeutic option in this reaction&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Study conducted at the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences&#44; Gorakhpur&#44; UP&#44; India&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lepromatous Leprosy with ENL showing clearance of lesions after MIP vaccination&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LLHD&#44; Lepromatous Hansen Disease&#59; BLHD&#44; Borderline Lepromatous Hansen Disease&#59; ENL&#44; Erythema Nodosum Leprosum&#59; BI&#44; Bacteriological Index&#59; i&#46;v&#46;&#44; Intravenous&#59; s&#46;c&#46;&#44; Subcutaneous&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Drug&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study type&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dose &#38; duration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&#8217;s number&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of leprosy &#38; duration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ENL refractory to drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BI-Pre&#47;Post treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infliximab</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Faber WR et al&#46; N Engl J Med&#46; 2006&#59;355&#58;739-739</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report &#40;Corresponds&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">300&#8239;mg i&#46;v&#46; on week 1&#44; 2&#44; &#38; 6&#46;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52-year female</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BLHD-18 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#43;&#47;not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfillin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="13" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etanercept</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Michele L et al&#46; Clinical Infectious Diseases&#44; 2011&#59;52&#40;5&#41;&#58;e133-135</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;mg&#47;week s&#46;c&#46;&#8239;&#215;&#8239;2 years</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33-year female</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-2 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#43; to 4&#43;&#47; not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chowdhry S et al&#46; Int J Mycobacteriol&#44;2016&#59;5&#40;2&#41;&#58;223-225</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;mg&#47;week s&#46;c&#46;&#8239;&#215;&#8239;16 weeks</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-2 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#43;&#47;Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minocycline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clarithromycin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oflaxacin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfilline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Azathioprine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Santos JRS et al&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2017&#59;92&#40;4&#41;&#58;575-577</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;mg&#47;week s&#46;c&#46;&#8239;&#215;&#8239;11 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-1 year</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minocycline</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Narang T et al JAMA Dermatol&#46; 2015&#59;151&#40;9&#41;&#58;1026-1028&#46;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective Pilot Study</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#8239;mg&#47;day&#8239;&#215;&#8239;3 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 patients</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 LLHD&#43; 1 BLHD&#43; 1 Histoid for last one year</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#43;&#47; decrease by 1 log</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfillin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Colchicine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hydroxychloroquine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Azathioprine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Azathioprine</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Jitendra SSV et al&#46; J Clin Diagn Res&#46; 2017&#59;11&#40;8&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Reports</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#8239;mg&#47;day&#8239;&#215;&#8239;12 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-4 years</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#43;&#47;Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apremilast</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Narang T et al&#46; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2020&#59;182&#40;4&#41;&#58;1034-1037&#46;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#8239;mg BID following standard dose escalation in first week&#8239;&#215;&#8239;5 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-8 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Colchicine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-12 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minocyclin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfillin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2810863.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Enlisting the drugs tried in chronic recalcitrant ENL&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "N&#46;H&#46;J&#46; Veen"
                            1 => "D&#46;N&#46;J&#46; Lockwood"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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            1 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "R&#46; Kamal"
                            1 => "M&#46; Natrajan"
                            2 => "K&#46; Katoch"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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            ]
            2 => array:3 [
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Baima de Melo"
                            1 => "B&#46;D&#46; Silva de S&#225;"
                            2 => "F&#46;A&#46;C&#46; Costa"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/ijd.14895"
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                        ]
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              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            1 => "S&#46; Suneetha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_282_17"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian Dermatol Online J"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
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                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A Systematic Review of Immunological Studies of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Polycarpou"
                            1 => "S&#46;L&#46; Walker"
                            2 => "D&#46;N&#46;J&#46; Lockwood"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fimmu.2017.00233"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "233"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348555"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New Insight into the Pathogenesis of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum&#58; The Role of Activated Memory T-Cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Negera"
                            1 => "K&#46; Bobosha"
                            2 => "S&#46;L&#46; Walker"
                            3 => "B&#46; Endale"
                            4 => "R&#46; Howe"
                            5 => "A&#46; Aseffa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fimmu.2017.01149"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1149"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966621"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                ]
              ]
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            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Etanercept in erythema nodosum leprosum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46;S&#46; Santos"
                            1 => "D&#46;L&#46; Vendramini"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46;D&#46;C&#46; Nery"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46;R&#46; Avelleira"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175471"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Bras Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "paginaInicial" => "575"
                        "paginaFinal" => "577"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                          ]
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Apremilast in chronic recalcitrant erythema nodosum leprosum&#58; a report of two cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Narang"
                            1 => "A&#46; Kaushik"
                            2 => "S&#46; Dogra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/bjd.18233"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "182"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1034"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1037"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31218666"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                    ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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Case Report
Chronic recalcitrant erythema nodosum leprosum: therapeutic dilemma and role of mycobacterium indicus pranii vaccine
Sunil Kumar Gupta
Corresponding author
dr.sunil_30@yahoo.co.in

Corresponding author.
, Sushantika Kumari
Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
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For the last 8 months&#44; the patient had been developing fever with tender evanescent nodules over the body&#46; General body examination also revealed diffuse infiltration with supraciliary madarosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Sensory examination showed a glove and stocking pattern of hypoesthesia&#46; Neurological examination showed bilateral symmetrical mild thickening of ulnar and common peroneal nerves but no tenderness and power in hands and feet muscles were within normal limit&#46; The patient was diagnosed as a case of Lepromatous Leprosy with ENL&#46; Routine investigations were within normal limits except leukocytosis&#44; and Bacteriological Index &#40;BI&#41; 5&#43;&#46; According to The Erythema Nodosum Leprosum International Study &#40;ENLIST&#41; severity scale&#44; &#40;pain&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#44; fever&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#44; lesions&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#44; inflammation&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#44; extension of lesion&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#44; peripheral edema&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44; bone pain&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44; arthritis&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44; lymphadenopathy&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0 and neuritis&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#41; score was 16&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was started on taking Thalidomide 300&#8239;mg&#47;day&#44; MB-MDT with 300&#8239;mg&#47;day of clofazimine&#44; methylprednisolone 32&#8239;mg&#44; and analgesics to relieve pain&#46; After two weeks&#44; the patient started developing ulnar neuritis with increase numbness in both hands and feet&#46; So&#44; Thalidomide was stopped&#44; and minocycline 100&#8239;mg was started&#46; But there was no improvement in ENL after a month&#46; Then the patient was also put on oral methotrexate 15&#8239;mg&#47;week&#46; Even after four weeks of treatment with a combination of methylprednisolone&#44; methotrexate&#44; minocycline&#44; analgesic&#44; and MB-MDT&#44; the patient&#8217;s condition remained the same with frequent crops of lesions&#46; Then the authors stop all the drugs except MDT and analgesics and planned MIP vaccination after taking consent&#46; The patient was given MIP vaccine&#44; 0&#46;1&#8239;mL intradermally in both arms &#40;around deltoid muscle insertion&#41;&#46; The patient did not complain of any side effects due to vaccination&#46; The condition was much improved after two weeks &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Afterward&#44; the patient had put on minocycline boosted MDT and analgesics for the next 6 months&#46; On further follow-up &#40;after total treatment duration of 2 years and 3 months&#41;&#44; the patient was evaluated clinically&#44; and BI was decreased to 4&#43; with no recurrence&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The WHO launched a 5-year &#8220;Global leprosy strategy 2016&#8211;2020&#8221; in April 2016 titled &#8220;accelerating towards a leprosy-free world&#8221;&#46; Based on total cases at the end of 2018&#44; the prevalence rate of Leprosy corresponds to 0&#46;2&#47;10&#44;000 according to WHO&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The incidence of ENL in patients with multibacillary leprosy is up to 24&#37;&#46; ENL can occur before&#44; during&#44; or after antileprosy treatment&#44; but it is most common in the first 6 months of treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ENL is an immune-mediated inflammatory complication&#46; ENL occurs due to the release of proinflammatory mediators such as Tumor Necrosis Factor &#40;TNF&#41;-alpha&#44; Interferon &#40;IFN&#41;-gamma&#44; and Interleukin &#40;IL&#41;-2&#44; IL-6 and IL-12&#44; IL-17&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> There is increased activation of T-cells in entreated ENL&#46; The ratio of regulatory T-cells to effector memory T-cell decreased in ENL in comparison to LL controls and more T cells are antigen-experienced in ENL&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High-dose corticosteroid is the mainstay of the treatment of ENL but prolonged use leads to serious adverse effects and steroid dependence&#46; The second-line drugs like thalidomide&#44; clofazimine&#44; pentoxifylline&#44; cyclophosphamide&#44; and methotrexate are also very effective and used as steroid-sparing agents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Sometimes chronic ENL becomes refractory to second-line drugs and poses a therapeutic dilemma&#46; A literature search on PubMed revealed the role of azathioprine&#44; Tumor Necrosis Factor &#40;TNF&#41;-&#945; inhibitors&#44; minocycline&#44; and apremilast&#44; in the management of chronic recalcitrant ENL but some of these are associated with unacceptable adverse effects&#44; longer duration and high cost of treatment &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MIP is an autoclaved suspension of non-pathogenic mycobacteria&#46; It modulates the cellular immune response towards the protective Th1 type&#46; It converts nearly 98&#37; of normal lepromin negative healthy contacts to lepromin positivity status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Earlier&#44; the vaccine was avoided in reactions of Leprosy as it was suspected to precipitate one itself&#46; But the authors&#8217; observation on using a single dose of the MIP vaccine in chronic recalcitrant ENL gives an insight in clearing out the acute reaction state of the disease as well&#46; ENL is triggered when there is an abundance of fragmented or granular bacilli in tissues&#46; It has been also postulated that in ENL&#44; there is an imbalance of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets&#46; This is manifested as an increased ratio of helper &#40;CD4&#43;&#41; to suppressor&#47;cytotoxic &#40;CD8&#43;&#41; T-cells in the blood&#46; A decrease in CD8&#43;T-cells may favor the formation and deposition of immune complexes&#46; After immunization with the MIP vaccine&#44; there is accelerated bacteriological clearance and induction of IFN-&#947;&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; and IL-12 secretion&#44; higher NK cell and CD8&#43; T-cell cytotoxic activity&#44; and a decrease in B cells recruitment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> This is a possible explanation of the role of MIP in ENL&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As in ENL&#44; the authors have some limited therapeutic options&#44; adding this vaccine to some treatment-resistant cases will only help us in the future&#46; Though this case suggests that MIP is not just a preventive modality&#44; also as add-on therapy with other anti-ENL regimens but further randomized controlled trials will be needed to explore more possibilities with this vaccine&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sunil Kumar Gupta&#58; Conception and design of the study&#44; acquisition of data&#44; analysis and interpretation of data&#59; drafting the article&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sushantika Kumari&#58; Conception and design of the study&#44; acquisition of data&#44; analysis and interpretation of data&#59; drafting the article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythema nodosum leprosum is a severe immune reaction that complicates the usual course of multibacillary leprosy&#46; There is increased activation of T-cells in erythema nodosum leprosum&#46; Treatment modalities available to date for the management are systemic steroids&#44; thalidomide&#44; methotrexate&#44; cyclophosphamide&#44; azathioprine&#44; minocycline&#44; and apremilast but none of them is promising and safe&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium indicus pranii</span> is an atypical mycobacterium possessing strong immunomodulatory properties&#46; The vaccine for this mycobacterium has been shown to have both immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic effects in multibacillary leprosy patients&#46; We report a case of chronic recalcitrant erythema nodosum Leprosum which responded to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium indicus pranii</span> vaccine without any adverse effects&#44; thereby suggesting its role as a novel therapeutic option in this reaction&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LLHD&#44; Lepromatous Hansen Disease&#59; BLHD&#44; Borderline Lepromatous Hansen Disease&#59; ENL&#44; Erythema Nodosum Leprosum&#59; BI&#44; Bacteriological Index&#59; i&#46;v&#46;&#44; Intravenous&#59; s&#46;c&#46;&#44; Subcutaneous&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Drug&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study type&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dose &#38; duration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&#8217;s number&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of leprosy &#38; duration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ENL refractory to drugs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BI-Pre&#47;Post treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infliximab</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Faber WR et al&#46; N Engl J Med&#46; 2006&#59;355&#58;739-739</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report &#40;Corresponds&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">300&#8239;mg i&#46;v&#46; on week 1&#44; 2&#44; &#38; 6&#46;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52-year female</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BLHD-18 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#43;&#47;not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfillin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="13" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etanercept</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Michele L et al&#46; Clinical Infectious Diseases&#44; 2011&#59;52&#40;5&#41;&#58;e133-135</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;mg&#47;week s&#46;c&#46;&#8239;&#215;&#8239;2 years</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33-year female</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-2 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#43; to 4&#43;&#47; not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chowdhry S et al&#46; Int J Mycobacteriol&#44;2016&#59;5&#40;2&#41;&#58;223-225</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;mg&#47;week s&#46;c&#46;&#8239;&#215;&#8239;16 weeks</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-2 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#43;&#47;Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minocycline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clarithromycin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oflaxacin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfilline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Azathioprine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Santos JRS et al&#46; An Bras Dermatol&#46; 2017&#59;92&#40;4&#41;&#58;575-577</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#8239;mg&#47;week s&#46;c&#46;&#8239;&#215;&#8239;11 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-1 year</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minocycline</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Narang T et al JAMA Dermatol&#46; 2015&#59;151&#40;9&#41;&#58;1026-1028&#46;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective Pilot Study</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#8239;mg&#47;day&#8239;&#215;&#8239;3 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 patients</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 LLHD&#43; 1 BLHD&#43; 1 Histoid for last one year</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#43;&#47; decrease by 1 log</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfillin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Colchicine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hydroxychloroquine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Azathioprine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Azathioprine</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Jitendra SSV et al&#46; J Clin Diagn Res&#46; 2017&#59;11&#40;8&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Reports</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#8239;mg&#47;day&#8239;&#215;&#8239;12 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-4 years</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#43;&#47;Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apremilast</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Narang T et al&#46; Br J Dermatol&#46; 2020&#59;182&#40;4&#41;&#58;1034-1037&#46;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Case Report</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#8239;mg BID following standard dose escalation in first week&#8239;&#215;&#8239;5 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-8 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prednisolone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not available</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Clofazimine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Colchicine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31-years male</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LLHD-12 months</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minocyclin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pentoxyfillin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thalidomide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2810863.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Enlisting the drugs tried in chronic recalcitrant ENL&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            1 => "D&#46;N&#46;J&#46; Lockwood"
                            2 => "W&#46;H&#46; Brakel"
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                        ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "R&#46; Kamal"
                            1 => "M&#46; Natrajan"
                            2 => "K&#46; Katoch"
                            3 => "M&#46; Arora"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "volumen" => "84"
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Epidemiological profile and severity of erythema nodosum leprosum in Brazil&#58; a cross-sectional study"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Baima de Melo"
                            1 => "B&#46;D&#46; Silva de S&#225;"
                            2 => "F&#46;A&#46;C&#46; Costa"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/ijd.14895"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "59"
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;N&#46; Rao"
                            1 => "S&#46; Suneetha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_282_17"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Indian Dermatol Online J"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
                      ]
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              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A Systematic Review of Immunological Studies of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Polycarpou"
                            1 => "S&#46;L&#46; Walker"
                            2 => "D&#46;N&#46;J&#46; Lockwood"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fimmu.2017.00233"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "233"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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