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2</a>&#41;&#46; He was initially treated with antibiotics in his municipality and later referred to the Dermatology service&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histopathological examination of these two more recent lesions disclosed a thinned epidermis&#44; hyalinization&#44; and thickening of collagen fibers&#44; in addition to the presence of multinucleated giant cells containing birefringent rounded fungal structures&#46; Grocott staining&#44; depicted these structures more clearly &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>A&#41;&#46; Direct mycological examination showed elliptical&#44; thick-walled fungal elements in a chain-like arrangement&#44; isolated or presenting single budding&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology of the left upper limb tumor showed a dense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate&#44; presence of horn pearls and proliferation of squamous cells with moderate pleomorphism&#44; hypertrophic and hyperchromatic nuclei&#44; establishing a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma &#40;SCC&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>B&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemistry revealed an infiltrating epithelial neoplasia with squamous differentiation and positivity for P63&#44; CK5&#47;6 and GATA3&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The oncological surgeon&#39;s opinion was requested&#44; but the surgery for the excision of the SCC would be a large one and contraindicated in this patient due to his age&#44; comorbidities and critical clinical condition&#46; It was decided to implement palliative care and one month after hospital discharge&#44; the patient died&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lobomycosis&#44; also called lacaziosis&#44; keloid blastomycosis or Jorge Lobo&#39;s disease is a chronic granulomatous infection that can affect humans and dolphins&#46; The etiological agent is the fungus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lacazia loboi</span>&#44; and its highest incidence is found in Central and South America&#44; especially in the Amazon river basin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malignant transformation can occur on chronic ulcers&#44; fistulas&#44; and scars of different etiologies&#44; including infectious ones&#44; such as leprosy&#44; tuberculosis&#44; and lobomycosis&#46; SCC is the most common skin cancer in these cases and results from the malignant proliferation of keratinocytes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no description in the literature of the dermoscopy of lobomycosis lesions&#46; The findings of this case show the dermoscopy performed on a nodular lesion on the leg of this patient&#44; with areas of hyperpigmentation interspersed with hypopigmentation&#44; scales&#44; blood crusts&#44; and several black dots&#46; Vascular structures were not observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The choice of treatment is defined by the clinical presentation of the disease&#46; In unifocal and localized forms&#44; the surgical procedure is the most indicated treatment&#44; and it can be associated with oral medications such as clofazimine&#44; dapsone&#44; and itraconazole&#44; aiming to avoid recurrence&#46; The combination of itraconazole and cryotherapy may be helpful in patients with large&#44; multifocal lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with long-term lobomycosis associated whith SCC are rare&#46; An early diagnosis and careful follow-up of these patients are essential to prevent the progression of the lesions and carcinomatous degeneration&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Financial support</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wanessa da Costa Lima&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sidharta Quercia Gadelha&#58; Design and planning of the study&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#44; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mara L&#250;cia Gomes de Souza&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Virginia Vilasboas Figueiras&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Tropical/Infectoparasitary Dermatology
Lobomycosis: exuberant presentation with malignant transformation
Wanessa da Costa Lima
Corresponding author
wanessa.costa.lima@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Sidharta Quercia Gadelha, Mara Lúcia Gomes de Souza, Virginia Vilasboas Figueiras
Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopic image of a keloid-like nodular lesion on the lower limb &#40;&#215;10&#44; non-polarized dermoscopy&#41; Several black dots &#40;blue circles&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Case report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Brazilian indigenous male&#44; 83 years old&#44; farmer&#44; from Santa Izabel do Rio Negro&#44; state of Amazonas&#44; Brazil&#44; presented with disseminated skin lesions on his limbs for 30 years&#46; He had a previous history of hypertension and worked with extractivism&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Upon physical examination&#44; he had multiple keloid-like nodules on the upper and lower limbs&#46; A vegetating lesion was seen on his right medial malleolus &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; and the left cubital fossa showed an extensive ulcerated tumor with a four-month evolution&#44; showing tendon exposure&#44; persistent hemorrhage&#44; and keloid-like edges &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; He was initially treated with antibiotics in his municipality and later referred to the Dermatology service&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histopathological examination of these two more recent lesions disclosed a thinned epidermis&#44; hyalinization&#44; and thickening of collagen fibers&#44; in addition to the presence of multinucleated giant cells containing birefringent rounded fungal structures&#46; Grocott staining&#44; depicted these structures more clearly &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>A&#41;&#46; Direct mycological examination showed elliptical&#44; thick-walled fungal elements in a chain-like arrangement&#44; isolated or presenting single budding&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology of the left upper limb tumor showed a dense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate&#44; presence of horn pearls and proliferation of squamous cells with moderate pleomorphism&#44; hypertrophic and hyperchromatic nuclei&#44; establishing a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma &#40;SCC&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>B&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemistry revealed an infiltrating epithelial neoplasia with squamous differentiation and positivity for P63&#44; CK5&#47;6 and GATA3&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The oncological surgeon&#39;s opinion was requested&#44; but the surgery for the excision of the SCC would be a large one and contraindicated in this patient due to his age&#44; comorbidities and critical clinical condition&#46; It was decided to implement palliative care and one month after hospital discharge&#44; the patient died&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lobomycosis&#44; also called lacaziosis&#44; keloid blastomycosis or Jorge Lobo&#39;s disease is a chronic granulomatous infection that can affect humans and dolphins&#46; The etiological agent is the fungus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lacazia loboi</span>&#44; and its highest incidence is found in Central and South America&#44; especially in the Amazon river basin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malignant transformation can occur on chronic ulcers&#44; fistulas&#44; and scars of different etiologies&#44; including infectious ones&#44; such as leprosy&#44; tuberculosis&#44; and lobomycosis&#46; SCC is the most common skin cancer in these cases and results from the malignant proliferation of keratinocytes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no description in the literature of the dermoscopy of lobomycosis lesions&#46; The findings of this case show the dermoscopy performed on a nodular lesion on the leg of this patient&#44; with areas of hyperpigmentation interspersed with hypopigmentation&#44; scales&#44; blood crusts&#44; and several black dots&#46; Vascular structures were not observed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The choice of treatment is defined by the clinical presentation of the disease&#46; In unifocal and localized forms&#44; the surgical procedure is the most indicated treatment&#44; and it can be associated with oral medications such as clofazimine&#44; dapsone&#44; and itraconazole&#44; aiming to avoid recurrence&#46; The combination of itraconazole and cryotherapy may be helpful in patients with large&#44; multifocal lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with long-term lobomycosis associated whith SCC are rare&#46; An early diagnosis and careful follow-up of these patients are essential to prevent the progression of the lesions and carcinomatous degeneration&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Financial support</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wanessa da Costa Lima&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sidharta Quercia Gadelha&#58; Design and planning of the study&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#44; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mara L&#250;cia Gomes de Souza&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Virginia Vilasboas Figueiras&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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