Images in Dermatology
Acute telogen effluvium triad after resolution
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"etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dermatology Clinic, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital das Clínicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 449 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 99930 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 3: (A), Frontal fringe. (B), Hair rarefaction on the temporal region and (C), occipital hair regrowth fringe after effluvium post-weight loss.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Case Reports</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Case 1: Female patient, 35 years old, healthy. She had hair loss three months after pregnancy, which lasted three months, followed by spontaneous hair regrowth. The picture was taken 15 months after delivery.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Case 2: Female patient, 51 years old who, three months before the appointment, had severe hair loss after losing weight. The picture shows the hair status three months after the hair loss stopped.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Case 3: Female patient, 45 years old. After losing weight on a restrictive diet, she had significant hair loss and was seen in consultation three months after the loss stopped.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Case 4: Female patient, 34 years old. After a serious car accident, she was hospitalized for an extradural hematoma and amputation of her arm. After three months, she had severe hair loss. The picture shows the patient four months after stabilization of her condition.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Case 5: Female patient, 17 years old, diagnosed with neurofibromatosis, hospitalized due to a severe intestinal infection. She had severe hair loss three months after hospital discharge, which resolved spontaneously. The picture was taken at the consultation three months after hair loss stopped.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1</a> to <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">4</a>show these five cases of telogen effluvium, with a significant amount of hair regrowth hairs in the frontal, bitemporal and occipital regions.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig. 5</a> shows an analysis of the hair ends: the tapered ends correspond to short regrowing hairs. Trichoscopy of the occipital area revealed several short hairs whose ends show these characteristics.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosing acute telogen effluvium (TE) after its active phase is over can be a challenge in many cases, especially when the pull test is already negative. The question is whether there is actually any hair loss, if there was a recent effluvium or if the patient (usually female) has an increased perception of this situation.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of TE is essentially clinical, as laboratory tests, trichoscopy or histopathological alterations usually do not confirm the diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A trichogram may be helpful when more than 20% of telogen hairs are present in it.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> The main differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata, as substantial hair loss can be diffuse or occur in localized areas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> In active diffuse alopecia areata the mild pull test is usually positive for anagens, the trichogram may show dystrophic anagen hairs, trichoscopy shows black and yellow dots, exclamation hairs, and there may be short regrowing hairs. The histopathological analysis may show lymphocytic peribulbitis in the acute phase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Traction alopecia may also be included in the clinical differential diagnosis, with the fringe sign present on the side undergoing traction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The trichogram is normal, trichoscopy shows vellus hairs, peripilar cylinders, black dots, and broken hairs, and the histopathological analysis shows preserved sebaceous glands, increased number of telogen and catagen hairs, increased vellus and decreased terminal hairs, in addition to trichomalacia and pigment clumps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis can also be made with frontal fibrosing alopecia, ruled out by the presence of numerous vellus hairs in the region of hair implantation, and with female androgenetic alopecia, not confirmed by the absence of hair miniaturization in the presented cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Knowledge of the clinical signs of hair regrowth after telogen effluvium can help in this differential diagnosis. As the frontal and temporal regions of the scalp have a greater number of telogen hairs, these regions seem to be more affected by this process.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Moreover, the hairs on the occipital region, although there is no description of the fact in the literature to date, also seem to show a predominance of telogen hairs. This set of signs, consisting of temporal rarefaction, frontal and occipital fringe, is called the acute telogen effluvium triad after resolution (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1</a> to <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">4</a>). It can help to clinically differentiate which patients are actually undergoing TE or have recently had it. Trichoscopy shows several hairs undergoing regrowth (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig. 5</a>).</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The knowledge of this triad can help in the diagnosis of TE and the careful management of patients, with the proposal of a conservative treatment, without the need for more invasive complementary exams, such as a scalp biopsy, for instance.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Financial support</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Authors' contributions</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leticia Arsie Contin: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; design and planning of the study; drafting and editing of the manuscript; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; effective participation in research orientation; intellectual participation in propaedeutic and/or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases; critical review of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vanessa Barreto Rocha: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; drafting and editing of the manuscript; analysis and interpretation of data; critical review of the literature; critical review of the manuscript.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1581940" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1423933" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Case Reports" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Financial support" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Authors' contributions" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 7 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-07-21" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-10-13" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1423933" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Alopecia" 1 => "Dermatology" 2 => "Diagnosis" 3 => "Hair" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Five cases of telogen effluvium undergoing resolution are shown, with the presence of frontal, bitemporal, and occipital hair regrowth. Diagnosing acute telogen effluvium after the end of the active phase can be challenging, especially when the pull test is negative. The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata and traction alopecia. Clinical signs of hair regrowth after telogen effluvium can help in the diagnosis. The frontal and temporal areas have more telogen hairs and are more affected. On the occipital area, hairs seem to have the same behavior. The acute telogen effluvium triad during resolution is proposed: frontal fringe, temporal recess and occipital fringe.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">How to cite this article: Contin LA, Roha VB. Acute telogen effluvium triad after resolution. An Bras Dermatol. 2021;96:605–8.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Study conducted at the Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 440 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 95747 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 1: (A), Frontal fringe. (B), hair rarefaction on the temporal region and (C), occipital fringe of hair regrowth after effluvium in the post-partum period.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 410 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 97557 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 2: (A), Frontal fringe. (B), hair rarefaction on the temporal region and (C), occipital fringe hair regrowth after effluvium post-weight loss.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 449 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 99930 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 3: (A), Frontal fringe. (B), Hair rarefaction on the temporal region and (C), occipital hair regrowth fringe after effluvium post-weight loss.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1280 "Ancho" => 896 "Tamanyo" => 179193 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0020" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 4: (A), Frontal fringe. (B), hair rarefaction on the temporal region and (C), occipital hair regrowth fringe after a serious car accident; Case 5: (D), Frontal fringe, (E), temporal rarefaction and (F), occipital hair regrowth fringe post-effluvium after severe intestinal infection.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 847 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 185523 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0025" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of hair ends: (A), the tapered ends correspond to short regrowing hairs. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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