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1</a>&#41;&#46; At this moment&#44; he was diagnosed with dengue fever &#40;DF&#41; &#8211; a viral infection endemic in tropical regions&#44; which also manifests with flu-like symptoms&#44; with the appearance of a diffuse skin rash between three to six days after the onset of fever&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Nonetheless&#44; the patient remained in social isolation until the test result for COVID-19 was made available&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Curiously&#44; the day after&#44; the RT-PCR report was received&#44; indicating a positive result for SARS-CoV-2&#46; At that point&#44; the authors concluded that the patient was mistakenly diagnosed with DF&#44; and that this was a skin rash by SARS-CoV-2&#46; After 20 days of absence from work and social activities&#44; viral serologies showed SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG rapid tests reagents&#44; and dengue IgM and IgG antibodies non-reagents &#40;0&#46;2 and 0&#46;3&#44; respectively&#41; &#8211; confirming that this was not a viral co-infection&#44; but a maculopapular rash of COVID-19&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The novel coronavirus started to spread in December 2019 in Wuhan&#44; China&#46; Several clinical manifestations have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection since then&#44; including dermatological signs and symptoms&#46; In a study with 171 patients&#44; Freeman has described that the most common skin lesions morphologies have been morbilliform &#40;22&#37;&#41;&#44; pernio-like &#40;18&#37;&#41;&#44; urticarial &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#44; and macular erythema &#40;13&#37;&#41;&#44; which occurred after or concurrent with the systemic symptoms of COVID-19&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Additionally&#44; other articles have also documented enanthem&#44; chickenpox&#8208;like vesicles&#44; and purpuric lesions as a clinical presentation of COVID-19&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Misdiagnosis of other exanthematous diseases&#44; such as DF&#44; in patients with cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19&#44; has also been reported&#46; Joob and Wiwanitkit reported their experience in Thailand with a patient who was initially diagnosed with DF due to a rash with petechiae and flu-like symptoms&#44; but after further investigation&#44; SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by RT-PCR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When this patient&#39;s investigation was initiated&#44; in July 2020&#44; Joinville &#40;Santa Catarina&#44; Brazil &#8211; 597&#44;658 habitants&#41; had approximately 5&#44;000 confirmed cases of DF and 1&#44;700 cases of COVID-19 in 2020&#46; 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contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isabelle Pastor Bandeira&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz Sordi Chara&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Giovani Meneguzzi de Carvalho&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcus Vin&#237;cius Magno Gon&#231;alves&#58; 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Tropical/Infectoparasitary Dermatology
Diffuse skin rash in tropical areas: Dengue fever or COVID-19?
Isabelle Pastor Bandeiraa,
Corresponding author
isabellepbandeira@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Beatriz Sordi Charaa, Giovani Meneguzzi de Carvalhob, Marcus Vinícius Magno Gonçalvesc
a Department of Medicine, Universidade da Região de Joinville, Joinville, SC, Brazil
b Department of Medicine, Hospital Regional Hans Dieter Schmidt, Joinville, SC, Brazil
c Department of Neurology, Universidade da Região de Joinville, Joinville, SC, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 26-year-old male patient arrived at the emergency room &#40;ER&#41; complaining of fever&#44; cough&#44; myalgia&#44; and mild dyspnea for seven days&#46; The patient had no previous medical history and did not use any medication&#46; Physical examination revealed a heart rate of 79 bpm&#44; respiratory rate of 18&#8239;rpm&#44; a systolic blood pressure of 137&#8239;mmHg&#44; oxygen saturation of 99&#37;&#44; and a temperature of 96&#46;8&#8239;&#176;F&#46; Considering the COVID-19 pandemic&#44; the authors started the protocol for this infection&#58; symptomatic treatment&#44; a nasopharynx sample collection for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR&#44; and social isolation for 14 days&#44; counting from symptom onset&#46; Two days later&#44; the patient returned to the ER with a pruritic maculopapular confluent rash over the neck&#44; chest&#44; upper&#44; and lower limbs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; At this moment&#44; he was diagnosed with dengue fever &#40;DF&#41; &#8211; a viral infection endemic in tropical regions&#44; which also manifests with flu-like symptoms&#44; with the appearance of a diffuse skin rash between three to six days after the onset of fever&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Nonetheless&#44; the patient remained in social isolation until the test result for COVID-19 was made available&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Curiously&#44; the day after&#44; the RT-PCR report was received&#44; indicating a positive result for SARS-CoV-2&#46; At that point&#44; the authors concluded that the patient was mistakenly diagnosed with DF&#44; and that this was a skin rash by SARS-CoV-2&#46; After 20 days of absence from work and social activities&#44; viral serologies showed SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG rapid tests reagents&#44; and dengue IgM and IgG antibodies non-reagents &#40;0&#46;2 and 0&#46;3&#44; respectively&#41; &#8211; confirming that this was not a viral co-infection&#44; but a maculopapular rash of COVID-19&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The novel coronavirus started to spread in December 2019 in Wuhan&#44; China&#46; Several clinical manifestations have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection since then&#44; including dermatological signs and symptoms&#46; In a study with 171 patients&#44; Freeman has described that the most common skin lesions morphologies have been morbilliform &#40;22&#37;&#41;&#44; pernio-like &#40;18&#37;&#41;&#44; urticarial &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#44; and macular erythema &#40;13&#37;&#41;&#44; which occurred after or concurrent with the systemic symptoms of COVID-19&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Additionally&#44; other articles have also documented enanthem&#44; chickenpox&#8208;like vesicles&#44; and purpuric lesions as a clinical presentation of COVID-19&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Misdiagnosis of other exanthematous diseases&#44; such as DF&#44; in patients with cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19&#44; has also been reported&#46; Joob and Wiwanitkit reported their experience in Thailand with a patient who was initially diagnosed with DF due to a rash with petechiae and flu-like symptoms&#44; but after further investigation&#44; SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by RT-PCR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When this patient&#39;s investigation was initiated&#44; in July 2020&#44; Joinville &#40;Santa Catarina&#44; Brazil &#8211; 597&#44;658 habitants&#41; had approximately 5&#44;000 confirmed cases of DF and 1&#44;700 cases of COVID-19 in 2020&#46; Thus&#44; the authors emphasize that&#44; in endemic regions for DF and COVID-19&#44; the two diseases must be considered until proven otherwise&#46; Unlike DF&#44; which requires a vector&#44; the coronavirus spreads very quickly through the air&#44; and social isolation has been proven to block transmission&#46; Finally&#44; the authors warn of the possibility of co-infection of these two viruses in regions that are facing both epidemics at the same time&#59; therefore&#44; it is necessary to start early laboratory research for both diseases in order to guide the appropriate clinical management to the patient&#39;s condition&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Financial support</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isabelle Pastor Bandeira&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz Sordi Chara&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Giovani Meneguzzi de Carvalho&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and writing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marcus Vin&#237;cius Magno Gon&#231;alves&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 03650596
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Idiomas
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
en pt
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