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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Eruptive lentiginosis confined to areas of regressing psoriatic plaques is a rare phenomenon&#46; Initially described after phototherapy&#44; several other treatment regimens used in psoriasis including topical and systemic biologic agents&#44; have been reported to induce lentigines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The author reports a new case of eruptive lentiginosis following treatment with adalimumab&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 45-year-old female with no relevant medical history presented to this department with multiple brownish lesions in areas previously occupied by psoriatic plaques seven months after initiating adalimumab&#46; She denied having applied any topical treatment or having received any sun exposure&#46; Physical examination revealed grouped brown macules over previously affected areas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The patient had suffered from chronic plaque psoriasis since adolescence&#44; proven to be refractory to topical therapies&#44; methotrexate&#44; and cyclosporine&#46; Phototherapy was not performed in this patient&#46; She was not taking any other medications&#46; A punch skin biopsy showed hyperpigmentation of the basal layer&#44; consistent with lentigo&#46; No treatment was initiated due to patient refusal&#46; The lesions remained stable throughout one year of follow-up&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lentigos confined to resolved psoriatic plaques have been rarely mentioned in the literature&#46; The literature features reports following topical treatments and biological therapies used in psoriasis&#46; Among biological therapies&#44; eruptive lentiginosis has been reported in relation to infliximab&#44; adalimumab&#44; etanercept&#44; ustekinumab and secukinumab&#46; To the best of the author&#8217;s knowledge&#44; to date there is only one case reported associated with classic systemic therapies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathophysiology is not well documented&#46; Some cytokines produced in psoriatic skin are known to stimulate melanogenesis and might be responsible for the lentigines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In addition&#44; Wang et al&#46; reported that IL-17 and TNF can affect both the growth and pigment production of melanocytes&#44; which may contribute to the pigmentation changes associated with psoriasis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In turn&#44; it has been suggested that eruptive lentiginosis is an exaggerated recovery in pigment production&#44; associated with greater disease severity or greater inhibition of cytokines with treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To date&#44; no effective therapy has been reported&#46; Lentigines appear within the first months of treatment and may persist with no or little improvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although it does not require an interruption of the treatment&#44; close follow-up is recommended&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the author presents a new case of eruptive lentiginosis confined to areas of regressing psoriatic plaques after adalimumab&#46; Given the development of novel biological treatments and new therapeutic targets&#44; new cases of eruptive lentiginosis are likely to appear&#46; Clinicians need to be aware of the potential side effects of biological therapies due to their increasing use&#46;</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Financial support</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Author&#39;s contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fernando Garcia-Souto&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case Letter
Eruptive lentiginosis confined to areas of regressing psoriatic plaques after adalimumab treatment
Fernando Garcia-Souto
Corresponding author
fernandogarciasouto@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
Deparment of Dermatology, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Eruptive lentiginosis confined to areas of regressing psoriatic plaques is a rare phenomenon&#46; Initially described after phototherapy&#44; several other treatment regimens used in psoriasis including topical and systemic biologic agents&#44; have been reported to induce lentigines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The author reports a new case of eruptive lentiginosis following treatment with adalimumab&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 45-year-old female with no relevant medical history presented to this department with multiple brownish lesions in areas previously occupied by psoriatic plaques seven months after initiating adalimumab&#46; She denied having applied any topical treatment or having received any sun exposure&#46; Physical examination revealed grouped brown macules over previously affected areas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The patient had suffered from chronic plaque psoriasis since adolescence&#44; proven to be refractory to topical therapies&#44; methotrexate&#44; and cyclosporine&#46; Phototherapy was not performed in this patient&#46; She was not taking any other medications&#46; A punch skin biopsy showed hyperpigmentation of the basal layer&#44; consistent with lentigo&#46; No treatment was initiated due to patient refusal&#46; The lesions remained stable throughout one year of follow-up&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lentigos confined to resolved psoriatic plaques have been rarely mentioned in the literature&#46; The literature features reports following topical treatments and biological therapies used in psoriasis&#46; Among biological therapies&#44; eruptive lentiginosis has been reported in relation to infliximab&#44; adalimumab&#44; etanercept&#44; ustekinumab and secukinumab&#46; To the best of the author&#8217;s knowledge&#44; to date there is only one case reported associated with classic systemic therapies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathophysiology is not well documented&#46; Some cytokines produced in psoriatic skin are known to stimulate melanogenesis and might be responsible for the lentigines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In addition&#44; Wang et al&#46; reported that IL-17 and TNF can affect both the growth and pigment production of melanocytes&#44; which may contribute to the pigmentation changes associated with psoriasis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In turn&#44; it has been suggested that eruptive lentiginosis is an exaggerated recovery in pigment production&#44; associated with greater disease severity or greater inhibition of cytokines with treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To date&#44; no effective therapy has been reported&#46; Lentigines appear within the first months of treatment and may persist with no or little improvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although it does not require an interruption of the treatment&#44; close follow-up is recommended&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the author presents a new case of eruptive lentiginosis confined to areas of regressing psoriatic plaques after adalimumab&#46; Given the development of novel biological treatments and new therapeutic targets&#44; new cases of eruptive lentiginosis are likely to appear&#46; Clinicians need to be aware of the potential side effects of biological therapies due to their increasing use&#46;</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Financial support</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Author&#39;s contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fernando Garcia-Souto&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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