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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevus comedonicus &#40;NC&#41; is a rare hamartoma of the pilosebaceous unit&#44; a subtype of epidermal nevus first described by Kofmann in 1895&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> NC manifests with linear or grouped papules and dilated follicular openings with keratotic plugs &#40;resembling comedones&#41; particularly on the face&#44; trunk&#44; and neck&#59; in 50&#37; of cases&#44; it is present at birth&#44; but can also develop during childhood &#40;most commonly before the age of 10 years&#41;&#46; The rare presence of skeletal and neurological abnormalities describes the nevus comedonicus syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Histopathology shows keratin-filled invaginations of the epidermis&#44; with absent or rudimentary sebaceous glands&#46; Inflammation and subsequent dermal infiltrate have been described in some cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Rarely&#44; NC may present in adults&#59;recently Zaniello et al&#46;&#44; reporting an additional case of late-onset NC&#44; reviewed the few cases described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 72-year-old man with a previous history of stage IB cutaneous melanoma on the trunk in 2013 and prostate carcinoma presented in June 2019 with a keratotic plaque &#40;2&#8239;&#215;&#8239;1&#8239;cm in diameter&#41; and a small comedo-like nodule &#40;almost 1&#8239;cm in diameter&#41; on the left calf&#44; following a Blaschko line &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The lesions had appeared almost 25 years before&#44; and the patient had been asymptomatic until the week before&#44; when the lesions became very itchy&#46; Dermoscopic examination showed a central keratotic plug surrounded by a white structureless area with scales and focal pale structureless red area without clear vessels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; The patient had been taking candesartan&#44; hydrochlorothiazide&#44; bicalutamide&#44; simvastatine&#44; and rabepreazole for years&#46; General physical and neurological examinations were normal&#44; and the patient denied a family history of analogous lesions&#46; Histopathology demonstrated a cyst-dilated follicular opening filled with keratin&#44; slight acanthosis of the epidermis&#44; and hyperkeratosis with ortho- and parakeratosis&#46; The follicular epithelial wall and the epidermis showed EHK with hypereosinophilic keratohyalin granules in the granular cell layer and perinuclear vacuolization &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Sebaceous and eccrine glands were not present&#46; A focal discrete lymphohistiocytic infiltrate was present in the papillary dermis&#46; Upon clinicopathologic correlation&#44; the diagnosis of late-onset NC with EHK was made&#46; The main differential diagnosis was inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus &#40;ILVEN&#41;&#44; which typically presents in the first 6 months of life as a pruritic linear eruption on the lower limbs&#44; arranged along the Blaschko lines&#46; At histopathology&#44; ILVEN shows psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia with parakeratosis&#44; alternating with orthokeratosis&#46; Beneath the orthokeratosis&#44; hypergranulosis is observed&#44; while the parakeratosis overlies areas of agranulosis&#46; Focal mild spongiosis with some exocytosis and even vesiculation may be present&#44; together with a mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The infiltrate observed in the present case was probably caused by irritation&#46; EHK is characterized by compact hyperkeratosis with granular and vacuolar degeneration of the cells of the spinous and granular layers&#46; It may be an incidental finding or may be observed in different settings&#44; such as bullous ichthyosis&#44; epidermal nevi variant&#44; palmoplantar keratoderma variant&#44; or disseminated epidermolytic acanthoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">EHC in a NC has been reported in few cases in the literature reviewed by Zanniello et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> who reported a peculiar case with late onset &#40;55-year old woman&#41;&#46; The present patient is an additional case of this rare histopathological variant of NC&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopy of NC was reported in detail for only two young patients&#46; Vora et al&#46; described multiple&#44; well-defined&#44; structureless brown homogenous circular areas surrounding the keratin plugs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Kami&#324;ska-Winciorek et al&#46; reported numerous circular and barrel-shaped&#44; homogenous areas in light and dark-brown shades&#44; with remarkable keratin plugs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In the present case&#44; a central keratotic plug was observed&#44; surrounded by a white structureless area with scales and focal pale structureless red area without clear vessels&#46; The following dermoscopic differential diagnoses were considered for the present case&#58; squamous cell carcinoma&#47;keratoacanthoma&#44; which shows an amorphous&#44; yellow-white central mass of keratin&#44; hairpin vessels&#44; and&#47;or serpentine vessels&#59; common wart&#44; which at dermoscopy presents multiple densely packed papillae&#44; with a central red dot or loop&#44; surrounded by a whitish halo&#59; molluscum contagiosum&#44; which displays a central pore in association with polylobular white-to-yellow amorphous structures&#44; surrounded by blurred telangiectasia&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A topical treatment with methylprednisolone aceponate 0&#46;1&#37; for on week and urea 10&#37; ointment twice a day as maintenance therapy was prescribed&#44; with fast improvement of the pruritus and slight decrease of keratotic component&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cesare Massone&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sanja Javor&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Simona Sola&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case Letter
Dermoscopy of late-onset nevus comedonicus
Cesare Massonea,
Corresponding author
cesare.massone@galliera.it

Corresponding author.
, Sanja Javora, Simona Solaa,b
a Dermatology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
b Surgical Pathology, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevus comedonicus &#40;NC&#41; is a rare hamartoma of the pilosebaceous unit&#44; a subtype of epidermal nevus first described by Kofmann in 1895&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> NC manifests with linear or grouped papules and dilated follicular openings with keratotic plugs &#40;resembling comedones&#41; particularly on the face&#44; trunk&#44; and neck&#59; in 50&#37; of cases&#44; it is present at birth&#44; but can also develop during childhood &#40;most commonly before the age of 10 years&#41;&#46; The rare presence of skeletal and neurological abnormalities describes the nevus comedonicus syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Histopathology shows keratin-filled invaginations of the epidermis&#44; with absent or rudimentary sebaceous glands&#46; Inflammation and subsequent dermal infiltrate have been described in some cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Rarely&#44; NC may present in adults&#59;recently Zaniello et al&#46;&#44; reporting an additional case of late-onset NC&#44; reviewed the few cases described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 72-year-old man with a previous history of stage IB cutaneous melanoma on the trunk in 2013 and prostate carcinoma presented in June 2019 with a keratotic plaque &#40;2&#8239;&#215;&#8239;1&#8239;cm in diameter&#41; and a small comedo-like nodule &#40;almost 1&#8239;cm in diameter&#41; on the left calf&#44; following a Blaschko line &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The lesions had appeared almost 25 years before&#44; and the patient had been asymptomatic until the week before&#44; when the lesions became very itchy&#46; Dermoscopic examination showed a central keratotic plug surrounded by a white structureless area with scales and focal pale structureless red area without clear vessels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; The patient had been taking candesartan&#44; hydrochlorothiazide&#44; bicalutamide&#44; simvastatine&#44; and rabepreazole for years&#46; General physical and neurological examinations were normal&#44; and the patient denied a family history of analogous lesions&#46; Histopathology demonstrated a cyst-dilated follicular opening filled with keratin&#44; slight acanthosis of the epidermis&#44; and hyperkeratosis with ortho- and parakeratosis&#46; The follicular epithelial wall and the epidermis showed EHK with hypereosinophilic keratohyalin granules in the granular cell layer and perinuclear vacuolization &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Sebaceous and eccrine glands were not present&#46; A focal discrete lymphohistiocytic infiltrate was present in the papillary dermis&#46; Upon clinicopathologic correlation&#44; the diagnosis of late-onset NC with EHK was made&#46; The main differential diagnosis was inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus &#40;ILVEN&#41;&#44; which typically presents in the first 6 months of life as a pruritic linear eruption on the lower limbs&#44; arranged along the Blaschko lines&#46; At histopathology&#44; ILVEN shows psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia with parakeratosis&#44; alternating with orthokeratosis&#46; Beneath the orthokeratosis&#44; hypergranulosis is observed&#44; while the parakeratosis overlies areas of agranulosis&#46; Focal mild spongiosis with some exocytosis and even vesiculation may be present&#44; together with a mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The infiltrate observed in the present case was probably caused by irritation&#46; EHK is characterized by compact hyperkeratosis with granular and vacuolar degeneration of the cells of the spinous and granular layers&#46; It may be an incidental finding or may be observed in different settings&#44; such as bullous ichthyosis&#44; epidermal nevi variant&#44; palmoplantar keratoderma variant&#44; or disseminated epidermolytic acanthoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">EHC in a NC has been reported in few cases in the literature reviewed by Zanniello et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> who reported a peculiar case with late onset &#40;55-year old woman&#41;&#46; The present patient is an additional case of this rare histopathological variant of NC&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermoscopy of NC was reported in detail for only two young patients&#46; Vora et al&#46; described multiple&#44; well-defined&#44; structureless brown homogenous circular areas surrounding the keratin plugs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Kami&#324;ska-Winciorek et al&#46; reported numerous circular and barrel-shaped&#44; homogenous areas in light and dark-brown shades&#44; with remarkable keratin plugs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In the present case&#44; a central keratotic plug was observed&#44; surrounded by a white structureless area with scales and focal pale structureless red area without clear vessels&#46; The following dermoscopic differential diagnoses were considered for the present case&#58; squamous cell carcinoma&#47;keratoacanthoma&#44; which shows an amorphous&#44; yellow-white central mass of keratin&#44; hairpin vessels&#44; and&#47;or serpentine vessels&#59; common wart&#44; which at dermoscopy presents multiple densely packed papillae&#44; with a central red dot or loop&#44; surrounded by a whitish halo&#59; molluscum contagiosum&#44; which displays a central pore in association with polylobular white-to-yellow amorphous structures&#44; surrounded by blurred telangiectasia&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A topical treatment with methylprednisolone aceponate 0&#46;1&#37; for on week and urea 10&#37; ointment twice a day as maintenance therapy was prescribed&#44; with fast improvement of the pruritus and slight decrease of keratotic component&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cesare Massone&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sanja Javor&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Simona Sola&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; design and planning of the study&#59; drafting and editing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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