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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Segmental vitiligo &#40;SV&#41; accounts for 3&#8211;20&#37; of all cases of vitiligo and is usually not associated with autoimmune diseases when compared to non-segmental vitiligo &#40;NSV&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Among the theories proposed for the path physiology of SV&#44; it is essential to emphasize the presence of an autoimmune attack against a mosaic area&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the literature&#44; there are few reports on the emergence of vitiligo as a side effect of medications&#44; especially oral isotretinoin&#46; The objective of the present report is to demonstrate a possible new side effect of this medication since there are no descriptions of its association with SV in the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 17 year-old male patient&#44; previously healthy and without a family history of vitiligo&#44; was diagnosed with resistant acne&#44; previously treated with topical and systemic antibiotic therapy&#46; During the fifth month of treatment with oral isotretinoin &#40;0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#44; cumulative dose of 5&#46;400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; there were a chromic spots surrounded by an erythematous-scaling halo in malar and perioral areas&#44; not exceeding the mid line on the right side of the face &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Wood&#39;s light examination revealed fluorescent chalky white aspect&#44; as well as polios is in beard hair &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; favoring the SV diagnosis&#46; After the withdrawal of isotretinoin&#44; the patient began treatment with 0&#46;1&#37; tacrolimus ointment twice daily with an improvement of perilesional erythema after two months&#44; although without improvement of achromy&#46; Subsequently&#44; it was submitted to 20 sessions of UVB-NB phototherapy&#44; with little perifollicularre pigmentation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the literature review&#44; only three cases of vitiligo in the context of oral isotretinoin use are described&#46; One report describes the case of a patient who developed vitiligo during the use of oral isotretinoin at a dose of 0&#46;3&#8211;0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;day for the treatment of moderate to severe acne&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In another report&#44; acrofacial vitiligo was developed only two months after the end of treatment with isotretinoin&#44; which reduces the probability of a cause-and-effect relationship&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> There is also a report of worsening of NSV lesions in the lower lip and lower perioral region after chronic cheilitis due to the use of oral isotretinoin&#59; a condition attributed in this case to the Koebner phenomenon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mechanism of action of isotretinoin in this presumed association is not yet fully elucidated&#44; but the drug appears to play a role in triggering autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Several reports of autoimmune diseases such as diabetes&#44; autoimmune hepatitis&#44; Guillain&#8211;Barr&#233; syndrome&#44; and thyroiditis have been reported after the end of the isotretinoin regimen or during the last week of treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Besides&#44; in vitro studies have also demonstrated that retinoid may have a pro-apoptotic effect on melanocytes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the cause-effect relationship of this association has not yet been proven&#44; the increasing appearance of new cases in the literature is a warning sign for dermatologists to keep vigil on this possible new side effect&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Fernanda de Santana Avelar-Caggiano&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; obtaining&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of the data&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caio C&#233;sar Silva de Castro&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gerson Dellatorre&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case Letter
Inflammatory segmental vitiligo during oral isotretinoin use: a casual association?
Maria Fernanda de Santana Avelar-Caggianoa,
Corresponding author
mafe_avelar@yahoo.com.br

Corresponding author.
, Caio César Silva de Castrob, Gerson Dellatorrea
a Service of Dermatology, Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
b Medical School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Segmental vitiligo &#40;SV&#41; accounts for 3&#8211;20&#37; of all cases of vitiligo and is usually not associated with autoimmune diseases when compared to non-segmental vitiligo &#40;NSV&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Among the theories proposed for the path physiology of SV&#44; it is essential to emphasize the presence of an autoimmune attack against a mosaic area&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the literature&#44; there are few reports on the emergence of vitiligo as a side effect of medications&#44; especially oral isotretinoin&#46; The objective of the present report is to demonstrate a possible new side effect of this medication since there are no descriptions of its association with SV in the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 17 year-old male patient&#44; previously healthy and without a family history of vitiligo&#44; was diagnosed with resistant acne&#44; previously treated with topical and systemic antibiotic therapy&#46; During the fifth month of treatment with oral isotretinoin &#40;0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#44; cumulative dose of 5&#46;400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; there were a chromic spots surrounded by an erythematous-scaling halo in malar and perioral areas&#44; not exceeding the mid line on the right side of the face &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Wood&#39;s light examination revealed fluorescent chalky white aspect&#44; as well as polios is in beard hair &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; favoring the SV diagnosis&#46; After the withdrawal of isotretinoin&#44; the patient began treatment with 0&#46;1&#37; tacrolimus ointment twice daily with an improvement of perilesional erythema after two months&#44; although without improvement of achromy&#46; Subsequently&#44; it was submitted to 20 sessions of UVB-NB phototherapy&#44; with little perifollicularre pigmentation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the literature review&#44; only three cases of vitiligo in the context of oral isotretinoin use are described&#46; One report describes the case of a patient who developed vitiligo during the use of oral isotretinoin at a dose of 0&#46;3&#8211;0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;day for the treatment of moderate to severe acne&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In another report&#44; acrofacial vitiligo was developed only two months after the end of treatment with isotretinoin&#44; which reduces the probability of a cause-and-effect relationship&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> There is also a report of worsening of NSV lesions in the lower lip and lower perioral region after chronic cheilitis due to the use of oral isotretinoin&#59; a condition attributed in this case to the Koebner phenomenon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mechanism of action of isotretinoin in this presumed association is not yet fully elucidated&#44; but the drug appears to play a role in triggering autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Several reports of autoimmune diseases such as diabetes&#44; autoimmune hepatitis&#44; Guillain&#8211;Barr&#233; syndrome&#44; and thyroiditis have been reported after the end of the isotretinoin regimen or during the last week of treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Besides&#44; in vitro studies have also demonstrated that retinoid may have a pro-apoptotic effect on melanocytes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the cause-effect relationship of this association has not yet been proven&#44; the increasing appearance of new cases in the literature is a warning sign for dermatologists to keep vigil on this possible new side effect&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial support</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#39; contributions</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maria Fernanda de Santana Avelar-Caggiano&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; obtaining&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of the data&#59; critical review of the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caio C&#233;sar Silva de Castro&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gerson Dellatorre&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
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