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besides endocrine and neurological manifestations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Although lung neoplasms cutaneous expression is relatively atypical&#44; tripe palms&#44; erythema gyratum repens&#44; hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita&#44; and Bazex syndrome are the most common paraneoplastic dermatoses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; erythroderma as the first manifestation of lung cancer is very rare and only 13 cases have been previously reported&#46; Awareness of the relationship between erythroderma and lung neoplasms is crucial for decreasing diagnostic delays and improving oncological outcomes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 70-year-old man&#44; current smoker of 2&#47;3 packs a day&#44; presented to the emergency department with a one-month history of asthenia&#44; weight loss&#44; episodic fever &#40;39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41;&#44; dry cough&#44; instability and a generalized pruritic erythema&#46; He did not refer previous dermatoses and any recent medication intake&#46; Physical examination revealed a total body erythema with fine scales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#44; a plantar keratoderma &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#44; and a left axillary lymphadenopathy&#46; The rest of the clinical examination was unremarkable&#46; Routine blood test&#44; including a full blood count&#44; electrolytes and liver function only revealed leucocytosis &#40;white cell counts 15&#44;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L&#59; normal range 3500&#8211;1000&#41; at the expense of neutrophils &#40;84&#46;7&#37;&#41; and elevated C-reactive protein of 9&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;normal &#60;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#41;&#46; The X-ray film was unrevealing&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two punch biopsies and a new blood test were taken&#44; including serum protein levels&#44; viral serologies&#44; blood smear&#44; muscle enzymes&#44; S&#233;zary cells&#44; flow cytometry&#44; and immunological and tumoral markers&#46; The remainder of the laboratory findings were within normal limits &#40;including serum aldolase&#41; except of Creatin phosphokinase &#40;CPK&#41; &#40;1&#46;309<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#59; normal range 1&#8211;175<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#41; and creatine kinase-MB &#40;CK-MB&#41; &#40;27&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#59; normal range 0&#8211;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#41;&#46; Histological specimens revealed mild spongiotic and psoriasiform changes with discrete follicular hyperkeratosis&#44; as well as nonspecific histopathology features &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; We started a supportive treatment with emphasis on hyperproteic diet&#59; temperature and hydration control in addition to topical steroids&#46; Because of the new-onset of weight loss and concern for underlying malignancy as a potential cause for his erythroderma&#44; a thorough workup for occult malignancy was completed&#46; A chest computed tomography revealed 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm nodular lesion on the upper right lobe with multiple lymphadenopathies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#44; being the histopathology compatible with a squamous cell carcinoma&#46; Head computed tomography demonstrated two occipital metastatic lesions&#44; being finally classified as IV stage &#40;T2N3M1&#41;&#46; At 6 weeks&#44; the patient&#39;s rash was similar to that at the initial presentation&#44; however less itchy&#46; The patient died after 3 months of the diagnosis due to metastatic cancer progression&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Discussion</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pre-existing dermatoses&#44; particularly psoriasis and eczema&#44; as well as drug reaction and T-cell lymphomas have been identified as common aetiologies of erythroderma&#46; In some patients&#44; however&#44; the cause is unknown&#46; Patients with idiopathic erythroderma should be closely followed over prolonged time periods&#44; with multiple biopsies since a significant percentage of these cases will progress to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histopathology often reveals non-specific changes&#46; Even so&#44; the majority of the studies consider necessary the biopsy&#44; because in 43&#8211;66&#37; of the cases it was helpful to establish a definite diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Erythroderma is a dermatologic emergency&#59; temperature&#44; hydration&#44; decreased serum proteins and heart failure needs to be corrected and monitored&#46; It is important to consider the underlying etiology to establish the target treatment and any potential drugs must be stopped&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paraneoplastic erythroderma is most commonly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders&#44; other than mycosis fungoides and S&#233;zary syndrome&#46; However&#44; it can also be an expression of a solid cancer&#44; usually in a late stage of the disease&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> as in the case here reported&#46; Paraneoplastic syndromes can appear before&#44; during or after the tumor diagnosis&#46; The physiopathology is not well understood&#46; However&#44; the large majority of the skin findings are inflammatory or proliferative&#44; and can also occur in the absence of the malignancy condition&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in other cases published in the literature&#44; normally the paraneoplastic expression modifies itself with the tumor regression or progression&#46; Only 1&#37; of internal malignancies can provide the first clues for a diagnosis through skin expression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In our case&#44; we could not see changes on the erythroderma given that lung cancer could not be treated because of the patient&#39;s death&#46; Therefore&#44; following Curth&#39;s postulates&#44; we can relate but not definitely classify the erythroderma as paraneoplastic syndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among all of the paraneoplastic dermatoses reported in the literature&#44; the erythroderma is one of the less mentioned&#46; Additionally&#44; it is non-specific of an internal malignancy&#44; making it difficult to guide toward a clear etiology&#46; Erythroderma can also present as a cutaneous finding associated with dermatomyositis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In our case&#44; the lack of typical skin findings &#40;heliotrope rash on the eyelids and Gottron&#39;s sign and&#47;or papules&#41; and the lowering of the CPK and CK-MB levels in the follow-up&#44; made us to exclude the diagnosis of dermatomyositis&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; in those patients with concomitant history of insidious development&#44; progressive decompensation and refractory to standard therapies&#44; clinicians should perform further investigations&#46; Hence&#44; it may result in early detection of potentially treatable malignancy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Authors&#8217; contribution</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Arandes Marcocci&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cased&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maribel Iglesias-Sancho&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#250;ria Set&#243;-Torrent and Mar&#237;a Teresa Fern&#225;ndez-Figueras&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythroderma as the first manifestation of a solid organ malignancy is rare&#46; The underlying cancer is a challenging condition to diagnose&#46; There are a few cases of erythroderma in cancer patients reported in the literature&#46; We here describe the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with asthenia&#44; weight loss&#44; dry cough and total body erythema with desquamation over the past month&#46; A chest computed tomography scan showed a nodular lesion&#44; which was finally diagnosed as a squamous cell lung carcinoma&#46; To our knowledge&#44; as an erythroderma presentation&#44; only 13 cases have been reported in the literature&#46; This case report demonstrates the need to search for a neoplasm in patients presenting with erythroderma&#44; particularly in the presence of accompanying debilitating symptoms&#46;</p></span>"
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Case Report
Erythroderma as first manifestation of squamous cell lung cancer: rare case report
Jorge Arandes-Marcocci
Corresponding author
jorge.arandes@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Maribel Iglesias-Sancho, Núria Setó-Torrent, María Teresa Fernández-Figueras
Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain
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besides endocrine and neurological manifestations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Although lung neoplasms cutaneous expression is relatively atypical&#44; tripe palms&#44; erythema gyratum repens&#44; hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita&#44; and Bazex syndrome are the most common paraneoplastic dermatoses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; erythroderma as the first manifestation of lung cancer is very rare and only 13 cases have been previously reported&#46; Awareness of the relationship between erythroderma and lung neoplasms is crucial for decreasing diagnostic delays and improving oncological outcomes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 70-year-old man&#44; current smoker of 2&#47;3 packs a day&#44; presented to the emergency department with a one-month history of asthenia&#44; weight loss&#44; episodic fever &#40;39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41;&#44; dry cough&#44; instability and a generalized pruritic erythema&#46; He did not refer previous dermatoses and any recent medication intake&#46; Physical examination revealed a total body erythema with fine scales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#44; a plantar keratoderma &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#44; and a left axillary lymphadenopathy&#46; The rest of the clinical examination was unremarkable&#46; Routine blood test&#44; including a full blood count&#44; electrolytes and liver function only revealed leucocytosis &#40;white cell counts 15&#44;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L&#59; normal range 3500&#8211;1000&#41; at the expense of neutrophils &#40;84&#46;7&#37;&#41; and elevated C-reactive protein of 9&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#40;normal &#60;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#41;&#46; The X-ray film was unrevealing&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two punch biopsies and a new blood test were taken&#44; including serum protein levels&#44; viral serologies&#44; blood smear&#44; muscle enzymes&#44; S&#233;zary cells&#44; flow cytometry&#44; and immunological and tumoral markers&#46; The remainder of the laboratory findings were within normal limits &#40;including serum aldolase&#41; except of Creatin phosphokinase &#40;CPK&#41; &#40;1&#46;309<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#59; normal range 1&#8211;175<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#41; and creatine kinase-MB &#40;CK-MB&#41; &#40;27&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#59; normal range 0&#8211;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;L&#41;&#46; Histological specimens revealed mild spongiotic and psoriasiform changes with discrete follicular hyperkeratosis&#44; as well as nonspecific histopathology features &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; We started a supportive treatment with emphasis on hyperproteic diet&#59; temperature and hydration control in addition to topical steroids&#46; Because of the new-onset of weight loss and concern for underlying malignancy as a potential cause for his erythroderma&#44; a thorough workup for occult malignancy was completed&#46; A chest computed tomography revealed 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm nodular lesion on the upper right lobe with multiple lymphadenopathies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#44; being the histopathology compatible with a squamous cell carcinoma&#46; Head computed tomography demonstrated two occipital metastatic lesions&#44; being finally classified as IV stage &#40;T2N3M1&#41;&#46; At 6 weeks&#44; the patient&#39;s rash was similar to that at the initial presentation&#44; however less itchy&#46; The patient died after 3 months of the diagnosis due to metastatic cancer progression&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Discussion</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pre-existing dermatoses&#44; particularly psoriasis and eczema&#44; as well as drug reaction and T-cell lymphomas have been identified as common aetiologies of erythroderma&#46; In some patients&#44; however&#44; the cause is unknown&#46; Patients with idiopathic erythroderma should be closely followed over prolonged time periods&#44; with multiple biopsies since a significant percentage of these cases will progress to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histopathology often reveals non-specific changes&#46; Even so&#44; the majority of the studies consider necessary the biopsy&#44; because in 43&#8211;66&#37; of the cases it was helpful to establish a definite diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Erythroderma is a dermatologic emergency&#59; temperature&#44; hydration&#44; decreased serum proteins and heart failure needs to be corrected and monitored&#46; It is important to consider the underlying etiology to establish the target treatment and any potential drugs must be stopped&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paraneoplastic erythroderma is most commonly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders&#44; other than mycosis fungoides and S&#233;zary syndrome&#46; However&#44; it can also be an expression of a solid cancer&#44; usually in a late stage of the disease&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> as in the case here reported&#46; Paraneoplastic syndromes can appear before&#44; during or after the tumor diagnosis&#46; The physiopathology is not well understood&#46; However&#44; the large majority of the skin findings are inflammatory or proliferative&#44; and can also occur in the absence of the malignancy condition&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in other cases published in the literature&#44; normally the paraneoplastic expression modifies itself with the tumor regression or progression&#46; Only 1&#37; of internal malignancies can provide the first clues for a diagnosis through skin expression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In our case&#44; we could not see changes on the erythroderma given that lung cancer could not be treated because of the patient&#39;s death&#46; Therefore&#44; following Curth&#39;s postulates&#44; we can relate but not definitely classify the erythroderma as paraneoplastic syndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among all of the paraneoplastic dermatoses reported in the literature&#44; the erythroderma is one of the less mentioned&#46; Additionally&#44; it is non-specific of an internal malignancy&#44; making it difficult to guide toward a clear etiology&#46; Erythroderma can also present as a cutaneous finding associated with dermatomyositis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In our case&#44; the lack of typical skin findings &#40;heliotrope rash on the eyelids and Gottron&#39;s sign and&#47;or papules&#41; and the lowering of the CPK and CK-MB levels in the follow-up&#44; made us to exclude the diagnosis of dermatomyositis&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; in those patients with concomitant history of insidious development&#44; progressive decompensation and refractory to standard therapies&#44; clinicians should perform further investigations&#46; Hence&#44; it may result in early detection of potentially treatable malignancy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Authors&#8217; contribution</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Arandes Marcocci&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and&#47;or therapeutic conduct of the studied cased&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maribel Iglesias-Sancho&#58; Approval of the final version of the manuscript&#59; conception and planning of the study&#59; elaboration and writing of the manuscript&#59; collection&#44; analysis&#44; and interpretation of data&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#250;ria Set&#243;-Torrent and Mar&#237;a Teresa Fern&#225;ndez-Figueras&#58; Conception and planning of the study&#59; effective participation in research orientation&#59; critical review of the literature&#59; critical review of the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erythroderma as the first manifestation of a solid organ malignancy is rare&#46; The underlying cancer is a challenging condition to diagnose&#46; There are a few cases of erythroderma in cancer patients reported in the literature&#46; We here describe the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with asthenia&#44; weight loss&#44; dry cough and total body erythema with desquamation over the past month&#46; A chest computed tomography scan showed a nodular lesion&#44; which was finally diagnosed as a squamous cell lung carcinoma&#46; To our knowledge&#44; as an erythroderma presentation&#44; only 13 cases have been reported in the literature&#46; This case report demonstrates the need to search for a neoplasm in patients presenting with erythroderma&#44; particularly in the presence of accompanying debilitating symptoms&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03650596
Original language: English
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