Case Report
Familial “benign” pemphigus? Erythroderma and fatal outcome
Paula Baldissera Tansinia,b,
, Ana Letícia Boffc,d, Magda Blessmann Weberd, Renan Rangel Bonamigod,e
Corresponding author
a Public Health Dermatology Service, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
b Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
c Dermatology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
d Dermatology Service, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
e School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Erythroderma and fatal outcome" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "75" "paginaFinal" => "77" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Paula Baldissera Tansini, Ana Letícia Boff, Magda Blessmann Weber, Renan Rangel Bonamigo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Paula Baldissera" "apellidos" => "Tansini" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "drapaulatansini@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ana Letícia" "apellidos" => "Boff" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Magda Blessmann" "apellidos" => "Weber" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Renan Rangel" "apellidos" => "Bonamigo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Public Health Dermatology Service, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dermatology Service, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dermatology Service, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 639 "Ancho" => 855 "Tamanyo" => 107622 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diffuse erythema, vesicular lesions, erosions, and crusts in lower limbs close to inguinal folds.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hailey–Hailey disease is a rare cutaneous disorder, featuring dominant autosomal inheritance with complete penetrance and variable expressivity, affecting adhesion between the epidermal keratinocytes. It is caused by a mutation in the ATP2C1 gene, which encodes the intracellular calcium pump, altering the homeostasis of this ion. Calcium is involved in cellular differentiation, skin barrier repair, cellular adhesion, and keratinocyte motility. Its increased levels lead to the alteration of desmosomes and cellular adhesion to the epidermal junction, causing acantholysis. Characterized by painful blistering, erosions, and maceration, it primarily involves the flexural areas in a symmetric fashion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 64-year-old woman presented with erythematous plaques with peripheral detachment and multiple erosions in the inframammary, axillary, inguinal, dorsal, and cubital and popliteal fossa regions. Mucous membranes were unaffected. She reported a family history of mother, siblings, and maternal aunts with similar lesions, and previous medical history of systemic hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism. Histopathological examination revealed acantholysis with intra-epidermal cleavage involving the entire epidermal thickness, demonstrating absence of dermal villi and eosinophils (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The patient was diagnosed with Hailey–Hailey disease based on clinical, familial, and histopathological data. Given the multiple comorbidities of the patient, treatment was limited to tetracycline, prednisone, dapsone, sulfamethoxazole<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>trimethoprim, cephalexin, and methotrexate, with little or no response. After one year of follow-up, the patient developed erythroderma (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs. 2 and 3</a>) and systemic symptoms, and was hospitalized. She died due to venous catheter-related infectious complications one month after hospitalization.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Discussion</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hailey–Hailey disease was first described in 1939 by the Hailey brothers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Its prevalence remains unknown and its autosomal dominant inheritance pattern shows complete penetrance and variable expressivity. Its pathogenesis involves ATP2C1 gene mutation, leading to changes in calcium transport into the Golgi apparatus that result in desmosomal dysfunction and keratinocyte acantholysis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Disease progression is characterized by chronicity and periods of exacerbation, with onset usually occurring in the second and third decades of life. Clinically, flaccid vesicles and erosions are present, with erythematous, occasionally macerated plaques that symmetrically involve the flexural, axillary, inframammary, inguinal, and cervical regions. The segmental form is usually unilateral and linear (along the lines of Blaschko).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The generalized form, as in the case reported here, is rare, and a common complication is secondary infection by fungi and bacteria. Other factors associated with worsening of symptoms include heat, sweating, friction, and ultraviolet radiation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The main differential diagnoses are pemphigus vulgaris, Darier's disease, inverse psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, intertrigo, and erythrasma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology, which shows extensive suprabasal acantholysis with “dilapidated brick wall” appearance and, possibly, dyskeratotic keratinocytes. Immunofluorescence is classically negative in Hailey–Hailey disease, being unnecessary in the presence of typical clinical and histopathological features.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Treatment options are limited and depend on clinical severity. They include oral and topical antibiotics, topical calcineurin inhibitors, oral and topical corticosteroids, dapsone, acitretin, methotrexate, and cyclosporine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Treatment alternatives for recalcitrant cases are botulinum toxin, surgical resection, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> In most cases, clinical symptoms are limited to flexural and intertriginous areas. Generalized manifestations are uncommon, and erythroderma with fatal outcome is extremely rare. The few cases reported in the literature describe bacterial infection,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> cutaneous adverse drug reaction, and herpes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> as triggering factors for an acute dissemination of the disease. However, these factors differ from those of the case reported here, since the patient presented with chronic generalized involvement, regardless of the diagnosis of secondary infections and antibiotic therapies, and no triggers for erythroderma were identified.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was, therefore, an extremely severe case of Hailey–Hailey disease that was highly resistant to treatment, in a patient with multiple comorbidities, resulting in the death of the patient.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Financial support</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Authors’ contribution</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Paula Baldissera Tansini: Composition of the manuscript.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ana Letícia Boff: Intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and/or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Magda Blessmann Weber: Intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and/or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Renan Rangel Bonamigo: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; intellectual participation in the propaedeutic and/or therapeutic conduct of the studied cases; critical review of the manuscript.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1321063" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1218658" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Case report" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Financial support" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Authors’ contribution" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-09-03" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-02-19" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1218658" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Pemphigus, benign familial" 1 => "Dermatitis, exfoliative" 2 => "Skin diseases, vesiculobullous" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hailey–Hailey disease, or familial benign pemphigus, is a rare bullous genodermatosis that usually presents with flaccid blisters, erosions, and maceration limited to flexural areas, resulting in increased morbidity and reduced quality of life for affected patients. The authors report an unusual case of generalized Hailey–Hailey disease with erythroderma and fatal outcome.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">How to cite this article: Tansini PB, Boff AL, Weber MB, Bonamigo RR. Familial “benign” pemphigus? Erythroderma and fatal outcome. An Bras Dermatol. 2019;95:75–7.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Study conducted at the Public Health Dermatology Service, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 636 "Ancho" => 850 "Tamanyo" => 109644 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Extensive suprabasal acantholysis with intraepidermal bullae and keratinocytes with “dilapidated brick wall” appearance (Hematoxylin & eosin, ×40).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 453 "Ancho" => 855 "Tamanyo" => 60048 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exfoliative erythroderma. Intertriginous areas with extensive erythema and tendency to maceration.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 639 "Ancho" => 855 "Tamanyo" => 107622 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diffuse erythema, vesicular lesions, erosions, and crusts in lower limbs close to inguinal folds.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Familial benign chronic pemphigus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| 2024 October | 103 | 67 | 170 |
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| 2020 July | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2020 June | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2020 May | 16 | 16 | 32 |
| 2020 April | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2020 March | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2020 February | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 December | 0 | 4 | 4 |
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